fast analysis of rock block behavior on underground

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TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol.29, No.1, 2019, pp.64-74 https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2019.29.1.064 ISSN: 1225-1275(Print) ISSN: 2287-1748(Online) ORIGINAL ARTICLE 지체응λ ₯쑰건을 κ³ λ €ν•œ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ£Όλ³€λΆ€ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ‹ μ†ν•œ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석 강일석, μ†‘μž¬μ€€ * μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€ Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground Opening considering Geostatic Stress Conditions Il-Seok Kang and Jae-Joon Song * Seoul National University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering *Corresponding author: [email protected] ABSTRACT Received: February 11, 2019 Revised: February 20, 2019 Accepted: February 20, 2019 Behavior of a rock block consisting of rock joints during excavation of an underground opening is an important factor for the mechanical stability of the opening. In this study, the behavior of a rock block under different geostatic stress and joint property conditions was analyzed quantitatively. The behavior of the rock block analyzed by 3DEC numerical analysis was compared with that of the theoretical calculation, and the error between the theoretical value and the numerical analysis result was analyzed under various geostatic stress and joint property conditions. The result of the stability analysis of a rock block showed less than 5% of error with numerical simulation result, which verified the applicability of the purposed analytic solution. Keywords: Underground opening, Rock block, Geostatic stress, Stability, DEM 초둝 μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ κ΅΄μ°© κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•”λ°˜ 절리둜 인해 μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ 역학적 μ•ˆμ • 성에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‹¬λ„ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건 에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이둠적으둜 κ³„μ‚°λœ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건과 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ 톡해 λΆ„μ„λœ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동양상을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬, 이둠값과 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όκ°„μ˜ 였차λ₯Ό 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건에 따라 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 결과와 비ꡐ할 λ•Œ μ•½ 5% μ΄ν•˜μ˜ 였차λ₯Ό 보여 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ 이둠적 λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ˜ μ μš©κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜ μ˜€λ‹€. 핡심어: μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™, 암석블둝, μ§€λ°˜μ‘λ ₯, μ•ˆμ •μ„±, κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œλ²• 1. μ„œ λ‘  μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ κ΅΄μ°© κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•”λ°˜ λ‚΄ 절리면의 κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ ꡬ쑰적 μ•ˆμ • μ„± 및 λ‚™λ°˜ λ“± 뢕락사고와 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ ν•„μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ €λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ 절리면 β’Έ The Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2018. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib- ution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Page 1: Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol.29, No.1, 2019, pp.64-74

https://doi.org/10.7474/TUS.2019.29.1.064 ISSN: 1225-1275(Print) ISSN: 2287-1748(Online)

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

지체응λ ₯쑰건을 κ³ λ €ν•œ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ£Όλ³€λΆ€ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ‹ μ†ν•œ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석

강일석, μ†‘μž¬μ€€*

μ„œμšΈλŒ€ν•™κ΅ μ—λ„ˆμ§€μ‹œμŠ€ν…œκ³΅ν•™λΆ€

Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground Opening

considering Geostatic Stress Conditions

Il-Seok Kang and Jae-Joon Song*

Seoul National University, Department of Energy Systems Engineering

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Received: February 11, 2019

Revised: February 20, 2019

Accepted: February 20, 2019

Behavior of a rock block consisting of rock joints during excavation of an underground

opening is an important factor for the mechanical stability of the opening. In this study, the

behavior of a rock block under different geostatic stress and joint property conditions was

analyzed quantitatively. The behavior of the rock block analyzed by 3DEC numerical analysis

was compared with that of the theoretical calculation, and the error between the theoretical

value and the numerical analysis result was analyzed under various geostatic stress and joint

property conditions. The result of the stability analysis of a rock block showed less than 5% of

error with numerical simulation result, which verified the applicability of the purposed analytic

solution.

Keywords: Underground opening, Rock block, Geostatic stress, Stability, DEM

초둝

μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ κ΅΄μ°© κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•”λ°˜ 절리둜 인해 μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ 역학적 μ•ˆμ •

성에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” λŒ€μ‹¬λ„ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건

에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이둠적으둜 κ³„μ‚°λœ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건과

3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ 톡해 λΆ„μ„λœ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동양상을 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬, 이둠값과 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όκ°„μ˜ 였차λ₯Ό

지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건에 따라 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•œ κ²°κ³ΌλŠ” μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„

결과와 비ꡐ할 λ•Œ μ•½ 5% μ΄ν•˜μ˜ 였차λ₯Ό 보여 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ 이둠적 λ°©λ²•λ‘ μ˜ μ μš©κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜

μ˜€λ‹€.

핡심어: μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™, 암석블둝, μ§€λ°˜μ‘λ ₯, μ•ˆμ •μ„±, κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œλ²•

1. μ„œ λ‘ 

μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ κ΅΄μ°© κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μ•”λ°˜ λ‚΄ 절리면의 κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  νŠΉμ„±μœΌλ‘œ 인해 μƒμ„±λ˜λŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ—¬λΆ€λŠ” μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ ꡬ쑰적 μ•ˆμ •

μ„± 및 λ‚™λ°˜ λ“± 뢕락사고와 μ§μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ—°κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ ν•„μˆ˜μ μœΌλ‘œ κ³ λ €λ˜μ–΄μ•Ό ν•  μš”μ†Œμ΄λ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ 절리면

β’Έ The Korean Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering 2018. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attrib-ution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Page 2: Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground

Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground Opening considering Geostatic Stress Conditions βˆ™ 65

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol. 29, No. 1, 2019

의 κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  뢄포와 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μžμ€‘λ§Œμ„ κ³ λ €ν•œ 강체 해석이 μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μœΌλ‚˜(Goodman and Shi, 1985), μ΄λŠ” λŒ€μ‹¬λ„ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜

μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ 높은 지체응λ ₯쑰건 및 이에 λ”°λ₯Έ 큰 μ•”λ°˜λ³€ν˜•μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 뢄석에 μžˆμ–΄μ„œ 강체 해석

이 κ°€μ§€λŠ” 단점을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ•”λ°˜λ³€ν˜•μ— λŒ€ν•œ 이둠적, μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ  방법둠을 μ μš©ν•œ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •

μ„± 뢄석 연ꡬ듀이 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 이둠적 거동을 μ ˆλ¦¬μ••μΆ•κ°•λ„μ™€ 절리면 κ±°μΉ κΈ°, μ§€λ°˜μ‘λ ₯에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ ˆλ¦¬λ‹«νž˜μ •λ„λ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜

λŠ” 연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°(Yow and Goodman, 1987), μ ˆλ¦¬μ•”λ°˜ λ‚΄μ˜ 터널에 λŒ€ν•œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동을 κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œλ²•μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ” μ—°

ꡬ μ—­μ‹œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€(Moon and Chang, 1992). 이외에도 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동뢄석을 μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ  연ꡬ가 μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜

(Nomikos et al., 2002; Hwang, 2006; Menendez-Diaz et al., 2009; Cho, 2016), ν•΄λ‹Ή μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ 경우 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 뢄석에 κ°•

체 해석을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ νŠΉμ •ν•œ 암석블둝 뢄포쑰건에 λŒ€ν•œ 사둀연ꡬ에 그치고 μžˆμ–΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ 개발 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ κ±°

동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ‹ μ†ν•˜κ³  μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜κΈ°μ—λŠ” λ―Έν‘ν•œ 점이 λ§Žλ‹€. λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜„μž₯μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜λŠ”

연ꡬ μ—­μ‹œ μˆ˜ν–‰λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ‚˜(Kang, 2017), ν•΄λ‹Ή μ—°κ΅¬λŠ” λ‹¨μˆœν•œ 2차원 암석블둝을 λŒ€μƒμœΌλ‘œ μ§„ν–‰λ˜μ–΄ μƒλŒ€μ μœΌλ‘œ λ³΅μž‘ν•œ κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  ꡬ

μ‘°λ₯Ό κ°€μ§€λŠ” 3차원 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„± λΆ„μ„μ—λŠ” μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€.

이 μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 지체응λ ₯을 κ³ λ €ν•œ 3차원 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ •λŸ‰μ μΈ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석이 μ–΄λ €μš΄ κΈ°μ‘΄ μ—°κ΅¬λ“€μ˜ 단점을 κ°œμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄,

3차원 λŒ€μ‹¬λ„ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건에 λŒ€ν•œ 이둠적 계산결과와 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όκ°„μ˜ 였차λ₯Ό μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ—¬

λ„μΆœν•œ 이둠적 계산결과λ₯Ό λ³΄μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 암석블둝 κ±°λ™μ‘°κ±΄μ˜ 이둠식 μˆ˜λ¦½μ„ μœ„ν•΄ Kirschν•΄λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ£Όλ³€ 응λ ₯뢄포λ₯Ό

λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ Coulomb 전단강도식에 κΈ°μ΄ˆν•˜μ—¬ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건을 κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 뢄석은 3

차원 κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œλ²• μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μΈ 3DEC을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ 암석블둝이 거동쑰건을

λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” 응λ ₯뢄포λ₯Ό λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” 이둠식 계산결과와 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όκ°„μ˜ 였차 λ°œμƒ 원인을 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 경계면

μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” μœ νš¨μ‘λ ₯의 차이둜 κ°€μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, 이λ₯Ό 절리면의 수직-μˆ˜ν‰ λ°©ν–₯의 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨(stress transmission ratio)둜 μ •λŸ‰

ν™”ν•˜μ—¬ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ§ˆμ§€λ§‰μœΌλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•œ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜„μž₯ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ 암석

λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ³  μ‹ μ†ν•œ μ˜ˆμΈ‘κ°€λŠ₯ μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2. 암석블둝 거동쑰건 뢄석

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 지체응λ ₯이 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— μœ μ˜λ―Έν•œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ  수 μžˆλŠ” λŒ€μ‹¬λ„ ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œμ˜ 3차원 μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ λͺ¨λΈμ„ μ„€μ •

ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©ν•œ 3차원 μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ λͺ¨λΈμ€ Fig. 1(a)와 같이 심도 100 m에 μœ„μΉ˜ν•œ 직경 10 m의 μ›ν†΅ν˜• 터널이며, 3개의 μ„œ

둜 λ‹€λ₯Έ 절리면으둜 μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ§€λŠ” 높이 0.5 m의 정사면체 ν˜•νƒœ 암석블둝을 터널 쀑심 천μž₯뢀에 μƒμ„±ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ μ•”λ°˜μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 수

직응λ ₯성뢄은 심도에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”λ°˜μ˜ μžμ€‘μœΌλ‘œ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μˆ˜ν‰μ‘λ ₯성뢄은 μˆ˜ν‰/μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯λΉ„μœ¨ 쑰건을 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜λŠ” 크기둜 터널 κ΅΄μ°©

λ°©ν–₯κ³Ό 평행 및 μˆ˜μ§ν•œ λ°©ν–₯μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ μœ„ν•œ 3차원 μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ λͺ¨λΈμ€ Fig. 1(b)와 κ°™μœΌλ©°, μ΄λ•Œ μ•”λ°˜μ˜ λ¬Όμ„±

쑰건은 μ•„λž˜ Table 1에 μ œμ‹œλœ 것과 같이 κ±°μ°½ν™”κ°•μ•”μ˜ 물성쑰건을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Page 3: Fast Analysis of Rock Block Behavior on Underground

66 βˆ™ Il-Seok Kang and Jae-Joon Song

TUNNEL & UNDERGROUND SPACE Vol. 29, No. 1, 2019

(a) Underground opening and rock block model (b) 3DEC model

Fig. 1. Three dimensional model of underground opening and rock block

Table 1. Mechanical properties of rock mass used in this study (Kim, 2015)

Material propertiesUnit weight

()

Young’s modulus

()Poission’s ratio

Tensile strength

()

Friction angle

()

Cohesion

()

Property value 25.9 44.0 0.23 6.2 51.3 14.0

2.1 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식 수립

μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 이둠적 거동쑰건을 μˆ˜λ¦½ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ Coulomb의 전단강도식을 μ μš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Coulomb식은 μ•”λ°˜ 절리면의 전단강도와

μ ˆλ¦¬λ©΄μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯κ°„μ˜ 관계λ₯Ό μ„ ν˜•μ μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έ μ΄λ‘ μ‹μœΌλ‘œ, 응λ ₯이 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 절리면의 거동을 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜κ²Œ ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 있

λ‹€. μ•žμ„œ 3개의 μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ ˆλ¦¬λ©΄μ„ 톡해 μ„€μ •ν•œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ ν˜•νƒœμ— 따라, 총 3개의 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œ Coulomb식에 λ”°λ₯Έ 전단

쑰건을 λ™μ‹œμ— λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건은 μ΅œμ†Œ 1개의 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œ Coulomb 전단강도쑰건을 λ§Œμ‘±ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»

ν•˜λŠ” 경우둜 κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 경우, μ›ν˜• μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ£Όλ³€μ˜ 응λ ₯해석을 μœ„ν•΄ 일반적으둜 μ‚¬μš©λ˜λŠ” Kirschν•΄λ₯Ό 적

μš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ²°μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ λ‹¨λ©΄μƒμ—μ„œμ˜ 응λ ₯λΆ„ν¬λŠ” μ•”λ°˜μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 수직-μˆ˜ν‰μ‘λ ₯ 성뢄을 far-field 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ—¬

λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ 단면과 μˆ˜μ§ν•œ λ°©ν–₯의 응λ ₯성뢄은 μ•”λ°˜μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜ν‰μ‘λ ₯ μ„±λΆ„κ³Ό λ™μΌν•œ κ°’μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

이와 같이 λΆ„μ„ν•œ 각 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 응λ ₯성뢄을 Coulomb 전단강도식에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건 이둠식

을 μ•ˆμ „μœ¨μ˜ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ„μΆœν•  수 있으며, 이λ₯Ό μ‹μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λ©΄ μ•„λž˜ 식 (1)κ³Ό κ°™λ‹€.

tan (1)

식 (1)μ—μ„œ λŠ” 각각 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 수직, 전단방ν–₯ 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„ 및 μžμ€‘μ„±λΆ„μ΄λ©°, λŠ” 각

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μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ˜ 점착λ ₯, 면적, λ§ˆμ°°κ°μ΄λ‹€. 식 (1)의 λΆ„μž 성뢄은 Coulomb 전단강도식에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ˜ 전단강도이

λ©°, λΆ„λͺ¨ 성뢄은 이둠적으둜 κ³„μ‚°λœ 전단방ν–₯ 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„μ˜ 크기이닀. μ΄λ•Œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건은 식 (1)을 톡해 κ³„μ‚°λœ 값이 1

μ΄ν•˜μΈ 경우둜 이둠적으둜 νŒλ‹¨ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

2.2 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 뢄석

μ•žμ„œ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식은 비ꡐ적 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ 응λ ₯해석기법 및 절리면 거동해석기법을 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬, 지체응λ ₯의 μž‘μš©μ—

λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”λ°˜ 및 절리면의 λ³€ν˜•κ±°λ™μ„ κ³ λ €ν•˜λŠ”λ° μ ν•©ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 3차원 κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μΈ 3DEC을 ν™œμš©

ν•œ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 암석블둝 거동쑰건에 μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬, μ•”λ°˜ 및 절리면의 λ³€ν˜•μš”μ†Œλ₯Ό 보닀 μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ ν‘œν˜„ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 암석블둝 거동

μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석을 μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό μ•žμ„  암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식에 보닀 μš©μ΄ν•˜κ²Œ μ μš©ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λΆ„μ„λŒ€μƒ

암석블둝에 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ°€μƒμ˜ 힘인 인발λ ₯(Pulling force)을 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 인발λ ₯은 암석블둝 거동쑰건에 따라 > 1 값을 κ°€μ Έ κ±°

동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ κ°€μ§€λŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ νƒˆλ½μ„ μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” λ°©ν–₯으둜 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„μœΌλ‘œ, 인발λ ₯의 크기 및 λ°©ν–₯을 μ‘°μ ˆν•˜μ—¬ 암석블둝이

κ±°λ™ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•˜λŠ” μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄(critical state)μ—μ„œμ˜ 인발λ ₯ 및 지체응λ ₯ 쑰건을 λ„μΆœν•  경우, ν•΄λ‹Ή μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 값은 이둠적으둜

1둜 μˆ˜λ ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. μ•„λž˜ Table 2, 3은 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 뢄석 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©ν•œ 절리면 물성쑰건을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λ©°, Table 4λŠ” 각 지체응λ ₯

및 λ¬Όμ„±μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ λΆ„μ„λœ 인발λ ₯ 값을 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. Table 2에 μ œμ‹œλœ 절리면 λ¬Όμ„±μ‘°κ±΄μ˜ 경우 UDEC 및 3DEC μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄μ—μ„œ 제곡

λ˜λŠ” β€˜Rock:Granite – fine grained’ 물성쑰건을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

Table 2. Mechanical properties of rock joints used in 3DEC simulation (Itasca, 2014)

Material propertiesFriction angle

()

Cohesion

()

Dilation

()

Property value 32.0 0.1 5.0

Table 3. Joint stiffness conditions used in 3DEC simulation

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

2.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0

3.0 6.0 7.5 9.0 10.5 12.0

4.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0 16.0

5.0 10.0 12.5 15.0 17.5 20.0

* : Joint normal stiffness

: Joint shear stiffness ()

Table 4. Analysis results of critical state pulling force in 3DEC

Joint normal / shear stiffness ratio (

)

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

2.0

1 5.725 4.825 5.445 3.265 3.295

1.1 10.41 8.675 7.615 6.155 5.93

1.2 16.245 12.755 11.005 9.585 8.615

1.3 21.125 16.355 15.195 13.095 11.985

1.4 25.875 21.67 19.655 16.315 15.255

1.5 31.105 26.875 22.935 19.785 17.975

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Table 4. Analysis results of critical state pulling force in 3DEC (Continued)

Joint normal / shear stiffness ratio (

)

2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

3.0

1 6.905 5.325 6.155 3.715 3.81

1.1 12.595 9.985 8.675 7.255 6.735

1.2 19.705 14.405 13.125 11.005 10.385

1.3 24.535 19.675 17.955 14.665 13.465

1.4 29.92 24.185 22.065 18.175 16.915

1.5 35.275 30.595 27.105 23.225 21.715

4.0

1 7.655 7.845 6.315 3.815 3.945

1.1 13.075 10.425 9.115 7.175 7.335

1.2 20.495 16.63 13.045 11.625 10.695

1.3 24.955 19.845 17.645 15.815 13.485

1.4 33.205 27.165 22.595 18.795 17.415

1.5 37.435 33.475 27.565 23.855 21.785

5.0

1 9.015 9.015 7.415 4.445 4.685

1.1 15.285 11.645 10.775 8.55 8.335

1.2 23.765 18.935 15.885 14.015 11.885

1.3 30.005 23.065 21.495 18.465 16.245

1.4 37.47 30.435 26.945 21.605 20.925

1.5 44.675 39.475 31.645 26.475 24.505

()

Table 3,4 에 μ œμ‹œλœ 것과 같이, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” μΌμ •ν•œ μ•”λ°˜ 및 절리면 물성쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ 지체응λ ₯의 μΈ‘μ••κ³„μˆ˜ 및 절리면 강성쑰건

에 λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건을 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ 톡해 λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

2.3 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 경계면 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„

μ•žμ„œ 2.2μž₯μ—μ„œ μ–ΈκΈ‰λœ 것과 같이, 2.1μž₯μ—μ„œ μˆ˜λ¦½ν•œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식은 μ•”λ°˜ 및 절리면의 λ³€ν˜•κ±°λ™μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€

λŠ” 단점이 μžˆλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ 톡해 λ„μΆœν•œ μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 인발λ ₯ 값을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 이둠적 거동쑰건을

λ³΄μ •ν•˜κ³ μž ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•žμ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄μ˜ μ •μ˜μ— 따라 Table 4 와 같이 λΆ„μ„λœ 인발λ ₯ 값이 μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 경우, 식 (1)μ—μ„œ λ„μΆœλ˜λŠ”

값은 1둜 μˆ˜λ ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λœλ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ μ΄λ•Œ 인발λ ₯ 항을 ν¬ν•¨ν•œ 식 (1)은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 ν‘œν˜„λ  수 μžˆλ‹€.

tan (2)

식 (2)μ—μ„œ λŠ” 각 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œ μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 수직, 전단방ν–₯ 인발λ ₯ 성뢄이닀. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 식 (2)에 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„ 및 인발

λ ₯ 쑰건을 λŒ€μž…ν•˜μ—¬ 계산할 경우, 값은 1둜 μˆ˜λ ΄ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ” κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ΄λŠ” κ²½μš°κ°€ λ§Žλ‹€. λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 이와 같이 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ κ±°

λ™μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ 이둠식과 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όκ°„μ˜ μ˜€μ°¨κ°€ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œ, 각 μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ λ³€ν˜•κ±°λ™μœΌλ‘œ 인해 이둠적으둜 계

μ‚°λœ 응λ ₯κ°’κ³Ό μ‹€μ§ˆμ μΈ μœ νš¨μ‘λ ₯κ°’ 간에 차이가 μ‘΄μž¬ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 이λ₯Ό λ³΄μ •ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 식 (2)의 수직, μ „

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단방ν–₯ 응λ ₯성뢄에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ—μ„œμ˜ 이둠응λ ₯ λŒ€λΉ„ μœ νš¨μ‘λ ₯ λΉ„μœ¨μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚΄λŠ” 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨(stress transmission

ratio)을 μΆ”κ°€ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λ•Œ 식 (2)λŠ” λ‹€μŒκ³Ό 같이 ν‘œν˜„λœλ‹€.

βˆ™

βˆ™

tan (3)

식 (3)μ—μ„œ λŠ” 각각 수직, 전단방ν–₯의 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨μ„ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Έλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ μ΄λ•Œ 식 (3)을 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨μ— λŒ€ν•΄ μ •λ¦¬ν•˜λ©΄ λ‹€μŒ

κ³Ό 같은 수직, 전단방ν–₯ 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨μ˜ 1차식 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 식을 얻을 수 μžˆλ‹€.

tan

βˆ™

(4)

βˆ™

(5)

∴

βˆ™

(6)

식 (4)와 같이 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨κ°„μ˜ 1차식 ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ 식을 μ •λ¦¬ν•œ ν›„, , , tan tan

tan 둜 κ°„μ†Œν™”ν•˜μ—¬ 식 (5)와 같이 κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ‘œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚Ό 수 있으며, 이λ₯Ό 식 (3)에 λŒ€μž…ν•˜μ—¬ 식 (6)κ³Ό 같이 μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ 응λ ₯

μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건을 = 1 쑰건에 λ§žμΆ”μ–΄ λ„μΆœν•  수 μžˆλ‹€.

μ΄λ•Œ 식 (5)μ—μ„œ λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ” 응λ ₯μ „λ‹¬λΉ„μœ¨ κ°„ 1μ°¨μ‹μ˜ κ³„μˆ˜ 은 이둠적으둜 λ„μΆœν•œ μ•”λ°˜-블둝 κ²½κ³„λ©΄μ˜ 응λ ₯μ„±λΆ„ 및

3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ ν†΅ν•œ μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄ 인발λ ₯, μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  쑰건에 따라 계산할 수 μžˆμœΌλ―€λ‘œ, 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건에 λ”°

라 을 μ •λŸ‰ν™” κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€λ©΄ 식 (6)을 ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ κ°’ μ—­μ‹œ μ •λŸ‰μ μœΌλ‘œ 계산이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•˜λ‹€. λ”°λΌμ„œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” κ°’μ˜ μ •

λŸ‰ν™”λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄ 인발λ ₯ 값을 λΆ„μ„ν•œ ν›„, 이λ₯Ό 톡해 κ³„μ‚°λ˜λŠ” 값에

λŒ€ν•œ νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ²°κ³Ό μ•”λ°˜μ— μž‘μš©ν•˜λŠ” 지체응λ ₯의 μˆ˜ν‰/μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯λΉ„μœ¨(Lateral stress ratio, ) 및 μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±

λΉ„μœ¨(Joint stiffness ratio, )에 λ”°λ₯Έ 의 νšŒκ·€μ‹μ„ λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Ό 및 λ„μΆœλœ νšŒκ·€μ‹μ€ μ•„λž˜ Fig. 2,3 에 λ‚˜νƒ€

λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€.

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(a) Regression curves under different joint stiffness

ratio conditions

(b) Regression lines under different lateral stress

ratio conditions

Fig. 2. Regression analysis results of the coefficient of stress transmission ratio (M)

(a) Regression lines under different joint stiffness

ratio conditions

(b) Regression lines under different lateral stress

ratio conditions

Fig. 3. Regression analysis results of the coefficient of stress transmission ratio (N)

3. κ²°κ³Ό 뢄석

μ•žμ„œ λ„μΆœν•œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식 및 νšŒκ·€λΆ„μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬, 2μž₯μ—μ„œ ν™œμš©ν•œ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„±μ„ 적용

ν•΄ μ‹€μ œ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ 개발 ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œ ν˜„μž₯자료λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동뢄석 κ°€λŠ₯성을 κ²€μ¦ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ¨Όμ € μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 지체응λ ₯ 및 절리

κ°•μ„± 쑰건에 λŒ€ν•œ 뢄석을 μ§„ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 거동뢄석 μ—­μ‹œ μˆ˜ν–‰ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€.

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3.1 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„± 쑰건에 λ”°λ₯Έ 암석블둝 거동 예츑

μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„± 쑰건에 따라 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 1.0-3.0 λ²”μœ„μ—μ„œ 0.5 κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•œ μˆ˜ν‰/

μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯λΉ„μœ¨ μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œ μˆ˜μ§μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±μ΄ 10.0 일 λ•Œ, 각각 1.7, 3.0, 5.0의 μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±λΉ„μœ¨ 쑰건 ν•˜μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μž„κ³„μ‘°κ±΄

인발λ ₯ 값을 κ³„μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Fig. 4에 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식을 ν™œμš©ν•œ 뢄석결과와 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ‚˜

νƒ€λ‚΄μ—ˆλ‹€. μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ 결과와 μ΄λ‘ μ‹κ°„μ˜ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜€μ°¨λŠ” 2.91 kN, μ΅œλŒ€μ˜€μ°¨λΉ„μœ¨μ€ 4.68%둜 λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ 이둠식

이 μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μΌκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ 저평가함을 확인할 수 μžˆλ‹€.

(a) Joint stiffness ratio = 1.7 (b) Joint stiffness ratio = 3.0

(c) Joint stiffness ratio = 5.0

Fig. 4. Verification results under different stress and joint conditions

3.2 지체응λ ₯ 및 암석블둝 μœ„μΉ˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 암석블둝 거동 예츑

μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ μ£Όλ³€λΆ€μ˜ μ„œλ‘œ λ‹€λ₯Έ μœ„μΉ˜μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Fig. 5와 같이 μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ 단면을 λ‚˜νƒ€λƒˆμ„ λ•Œ,

μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™ 천μž₯λΆ€λ₯Ό 기쀀점( = 0Β°)으둜 60Β° λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ 15Β° κ°„κ²©μœΌλ‘œ 암석블둝이 μœ„μΉ˜ν•  λ•Œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 μ΄λ‘ μ‹μ˜ 정확도

λ₯Ό λΆ„μ„ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. 뢄석 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ μˆ˜ν‰/μˆ˜μ§μ‘λ ₯λΉ„μœ¨ 쑰건은 3.1절과 λ™μΌν•œ λ²”μœ„λ‘œ μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€μœΌλ©°, μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±μ‘°κ±΄μ€ μˆ˜μ§μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±

10.0 에 μ ˆλ¦¬κ°•μ„±λΉ„μœ¨ 3.0 쑰건으둜 μ„€μ •ν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. Fig. 6에 암석블둝 μœ„μΉ˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 이둠식 검증결과λ₯Ό μ œμ‹œν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ•žμ„  3.1

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절의 검증결과와 λ§ˆμ°¬κ°€μ§€λ‘œ 이둠식 적용 μ‹œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ— λŒ€ν•œ κ³Όμ†Œν‰κ°€κ°€ κ΄€μΈ‘λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°, μ΄λ•Œ μ΅œλŒ€μ˜€μ°¨λŠ” 23.541 kN, 졜

λŒ€μ˜€μ°¨λΉ„μœ¨μ€ 6.12%둜 λΆ„μ„λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.

Fig. 5. Locations of rock blocks in verification tests

(a) = 0Β° (b) = 15Β°

(c) = 30Β° (d) = 45Β°

Fig. 6. Verification of suggested method under different block location

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(e) = 60Β°

Fig. 6. Verification of suggested method under different block location (Continued)

4. κ²° λ‘ 

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„±μ˜ 영ν–₯을 κ³ λ €ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건 이둠식을 λ„μΆœν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. μ΄λŠ” κΈ°μ‘΄ 암석블둝

의 거동해석기법이 강체해석 λ˜λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ μƒν™©μ—μ„œμ˜ 암석블둝 κ±°λ™ν•΄μ„λ§Œμ„ λͺ¨μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬ ν˜„μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ ν™œμš©λ„κ°€ μ œν•œμ μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ”

달리, 이둠적 방법둠과 μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„κΈ°λ²•μ„ μ ‘λͺ©ν•˜μ—¬ 각 지체응λ ₯쑰건 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„±μ‘°κ±΄μ— λ”°λ₯Έ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동쑰건을 νšŒκ·€μ μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„

μ„ν•˜μ—¬ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν˜„μž₯μ‘°κ±΄μ—μ„œλ„ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동 μ•ˆμ •μ„± 뢄석이 κ°€λŠ₯함을 ν™•μΈν•˜μ˜€λ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ„μΆœν•œ 암석블둝 거동쑰건 이둠식을 회

귀뢄석에 μ‚¬μš©λœ κ²ƒκ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ 지체응λ ₯ 및 μ ˆλ¦¬λ¬Όμ„± 쑰건에 λŒ€ν•΄ κ²€μ¦ν•œ κ²°κ³Ό, 3DEC μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„μ„ ν™œμš©ν•œ 뢄석결과와 λΉ„κ΅ν•˜μ—¬ μ•½

5% 미만의 μ˜€μ°¨λ²”μœ„ λ‚΄μ—μ„œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동양상을 μ˜ˆμΈ‘ν•˜μ—¬ λΆ„μ„κ²°κ³Όμ˜ 정확성이 높은 κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ νŒλ‹¨λ˜μ—ˆλ‹€. μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ

κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  μœ„μΉ˜μ— λ”°λ₯Έ 검증결과 μ—­μ‹œ μ•½ 6% μ΄λ‚΄μ˜ μž‘μ€ μ˜€μ°¨μˆ˜μ€€μ„ λ³΄μ˜€λ‹€. 비둝 λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ μ œμ‹œν•œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동뢄석 기법이

λŒ€μƒ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ„±μ„ μΌκ΄€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ €ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” κ²½ν–₯성을 λ³΄μ˜€μœΌλ‚˜, μ΄λŠ” κ²€μ¦κ²°κ³Όμ—μ„œ λ„μΆœλœ 5-6%λŒ€μ˜ μž‘μ€ μ˜€μ°¨μˆ˜μ€€μ„ κ³ λ €

ν•  λ•Œ ν˜„μž₯ 쑰사 μžλ£Œκ°€ κ°€μ§€λŠ” 뢀정확성을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•œ μ§€ν•˜κ³΅λ™μ˜ μ•ˆμ •μ  μ„€κ³„κΈ°μ€€μœΌλ‘œ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆμ„ κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ 여겨진닀.

λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 기초적인 응λ ₯뢄포뢄석 및 전단거동뢄석 기법인 Kirschν•΄ 및 Coulomb μ „λ‹¨κ°•λ„μ‹λ§Œμ„ ν™œμš©ν•˜μ—¬ 연ꡬλ₯Ό μ§„ν–‰ν•˜

μ˜€λ‹€. μΆ”ν›„ λΆˆμ—°μ† μ•”λ°˜μ˜ 응λ ₯뢄포뢄석 및 절리면의 κ±°μΉ κΈ° 및 수리적 νŠΉμ„±μ„ λ°˜μ˜ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 전단거동식을 ν™œμš©ν•œλ‹€λ©΄ 보닀 μ •ν™•

ν•˜κ³  λ²”μš©μ μΈ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동뢄석이 κ°€λŠ₯ν•  κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ μƒκ°λœλ‹€. λ˜ν•œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ˜ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œλŠ” 3차원 κ°œλ³„μš”μ†Œ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄

인 3DECλ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ˜€λŠ”λ°, PFC3D λ“± λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μˆ˜μΉ˜ν•΄μ„ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄λ₯Ό ν™œμš©ν•œ λ³Έ μ—°κ΅¬κ²°κ³Όμ˜ 검증 μ—­μ‹œ μ•”μ„λΈ”λ‘μ˜ 거동뢄석에

λŒ€ν•œ 좔가적인 μ—°κ΅¬λ‘œμ¨ ν™œμš©λ  수 μžˆμ„ 것이닀.

사 사

이 논문은 2016년도 μ •λΆ€(κ΅μœ‘λΆ€)의 μž¬μ›μœΌλ‘œ ν•œκ΅­μ—°κ΅¬μž¬λ‹¨μ˜ 지원을 λ°›μ•„ μˆ˜ν–‰λœ κΈ°μ΄ˆμ—°κ΅¬μ‚¬μ—…μž„ (NRF-2016R1D1A1

B03936033).

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