FASCISM IN

ITALY By:

Keeley Coleman, Alexis Brown,Kyle Chapman, Jenna Verrone, Andrew Patrick and Megan Hill

3rd period 12/1/10

CHARACTERISTICS OF FASCISM

Militant political movement that emphasized loyalty to state and obedience to leader

No clear defined theory or program

Extreme form of nationalism

Nations must struggle, peaceful states would be conquered

Authoritarian leader guided and brought order to state

CHARACTERISTICS OF FASCISM

Had certain color uniforms, special salutes, held mass rallies

Denied individual rights Nationalists Believed each class in

society had a place and function

Fascists included: aristocrats and industrialists, war vets, low middle class

BENITO MUSSOLINI: HIS POWER AND BELIEFS.

Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini a newspaper editor and politican promised to rescue Italy.

He vowed to give Italy strong leadership.

Mussolini founded the Fascist Party in 1919.

His popularity increased as economic conditions worsened.

Mussolini finally critized Italy’s government.

BENITO MUSSOLINI: HIS POWER AND BELIEFS CONTINUED… Fascist groups wearing

black shirts attacked communists and socialists on the streets.

Mussolini began to win support from the middle class, because he played the fear of workers revolt.

30,000 Fascists marched in Rome and demanded that King Victor Emmanuel III put Mussolini in charge of government.

Mussolini took power “legally”.

Mussolini was now II Duce or the leader.

BENITO MUSSOLINI: HIS POWER AND BELIEF CONTINUED…… Mussolini abolished

democracy. He outlawed all

political parties except the Fascists.

Secret police jailed his opponents.

Government censors forced radio stations to broadcast only Fascist doctrines.

Mussolini sought to control the economy

BENITO MUSSOLINI: STRATEGIES AND THE BLACK SHIRTS

Mussolini came to power by promising to revive the economy and build the nation’s armed forces

Once in power he created the secret police and restricted the people in almost all areas.

The secret police were know as “the Black Shirts.”

They were recruited at an early age, of only boys.

Boys ages 4-8 in the Black shirts were known as the Sons of the She wolf

8-14, they were the Balilla and at 14-18 they were the Avanguardista. Mussolini was cruel in his strategies

and had the nation’s population and power in mind, not the people.

LIFE IN FASCIST ITALY All Italians had to obey all of

Mussolini’s orders People had little control over

society Those who opposed the state

were brutally punished Secret Police were strict and

carried out all of Mussolini’s wishes

Education was important and the boys were taught to become part of the secret police at an early age

Personal life was very restricted

Women’s only role was to get married and have as many children as possible

FASCISM AGGRESSION AND WWI Fascist believed

that nations must struggle.

peaceful nations were doomed to be conquered.

Things that led to fascism in Italy:

Fascism’s rise in Italy was fueled by the disappointment over failing to gain big territory at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference.

Rising inflation and unemployment

FASCISM AGGRESSION AND WWII CONTINUED…… Their democratic

government seemed unable to solve country’s problems.

DEATH OF MUSSOLINI In 1940–41

Mussolini's armies, badly supplied and poorly led, suffered defeats from Europe across the Mediterranean to the African continent.

Italy lost its war in 1942; Mussolini's power collapsed six months later.

Restored as Hitler's puppet in northern Italy in 1943, he drove Italy deeper into invasion, occupation, and civil war during 1944 and 1945.

The end approached, Mussolini struggled to survive.

Executed by a firing squad, April 28, 1945, Dongo in Como province.

Mussolini (Italy) became allies w/ Hitler

Did not do good in war

Got rid of Mussolini

Withdrew from alliance w/ Germany

Signed armistice w/ allies

Italy’s role in WWII

Italy’s role in WWII continued

Germany seized control of Italy and took supplies

Allies slowly pushed Germany out of Italy in Italian campaign.

Viewed as a weak countryDue to poor

equipment and ineffective political leadership

Impact of WWII on Italy

Nearly four million Italians served in the Italian Army during the Second World War and nearly half a million Italians (including civilians) died between June 1940 and May 1945..

Nearly 60,000 Italian POWs died in Nazi labour camps, while nearly 20,000 perished in Allied Prisoner of War.

Impact of WWII on Italy continued

Italy was required to pay $360,000,000, shared chiefly between Greece, Yugoslavia, and the Soviet Union

Italy lost all of their colonies

Industry and infrastructure had to be rebuilt over years.

Completely rid Italy of ideas of becoming a major power.

The country was impoverished.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Personal Life was…

A. FreeB. RestrictedC. Private

2. Fascism…A. Denied individual rightsB. Respected individual rightsC. All rights were equal

3. What was Benito’s full name ? A. Benito Massalini B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini C. Benito Care

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS 1.

ANSWERS Multiple choice:1. B. Restricted 2. A. Denied individual rights3. B. Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini

Short answer: