fascism in italy

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Fascism in Italy Chapter 13 Section 3

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Fascism in Italy. Chapter 13 Section 3. Italy. Italy After World War I. After WWI, Italian nationalists were outraged when Italy received just some of the territories promised by the Allies Italian nationalists argued that the Allies betrayed Italy after World War I - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Fascism in Italy

Chapter 13Section 3

Italy

Italy After World War I After WWI, Italian nationalists were outraged

when Italy received just some of the territories promised by the Allies

Italian nationalists argued that the Allies betrayed Italy after World War I

Chaos ensued as peasants seized land, workers went on strike, veterans faced unemployment, trade declined, and taxes rose

The government could not end the economic crises plaguing Italy

Benito Mussolini

Into this turmoil stepped Benito Mussolini, the organizer of the Fascist Party

Mussolini was an intense nationalist

Mussolini’s supporters, the Black Shirts, rejected democratic methods and favored violence for solving problems

Black Shirts used terror tactics to scare the opposition

Benito Mussolini

Fascist Blackshirts

Mussolini Speaking to His People

March on Rome In the 1922 March on

Rome, tens of thousands of Fascists swarmed the capital

Protestors demanded the government make changes to the economy and society

Fearing civil war, the king, under intense pressure, asked Mussolini to form a government with Mussolini as prime minister

Mussolini had legally assumed power in Italy because King Emmanuel II appointed him!

Mussolini’s Fascist Leadership

Mussolini takes on the title Il Duce (the Leader)

Mussolini soon suppressed rival parties, censored the press, rigged elections, and replaced elected officials with Fascists

Critics were thrown into prison, forced into exile, or murdered

Secret police and propaganda strengthened the regime

In 1929, Mussolini also received support from Pope Pius XI in return for recognizing Vatican City as an independent state

Pope, though, disagreed, with some of Mussolini’s goals

VaticanThe smallest independent state in the world.

Pius XI

What type of government was leading Italy?

Italy was still a parliamentary monarchy – technically

But Italy was now ruled by a terrorizing, fascist dictator – Benito Mussolini

Italy evolved into an evil dictatorship

Italian Economy Mussolini brought the economy under state

control, but basically preserved capitalism Representatives of business, labor,

government, and Fascist party leaders controlled industry, agriculture and trade

Mussolini’s system of government favored the upper classes and industry leaders

Workers were not allowed to strike, and their wages were kept low

Loyalty In Mussolini’s new system, loyalty to the state

replaced conflicting individual goals Italians owed loyalty/allegiance to the state

first before personal goals State was all-important Individual rights were secondary to the goals

of the state

Obedience to the State “Believe! Obey! Fight” loudspeakers

blared and posters proclaimed Fascist youth groups marched in

parades chanting slogans Men were ruthless, selfless warriors

fighting for Italian glory Mussolini awarded women for having 14

or more children (it was a women’s duty to bear children to serve the Italian state)

Influencing Young Italians Young children were taught loyalty and

obedience to Italy Fascist youth groups emerged Tough discipline was taught to

youngsters “Mussolini is always right”, people

chanted in song Mussolini was developing the Italian

people for an expansion of Mussolini’s dream of an expanded Italian empire

Totalitarianism Mussolini built the first modern totalitarian

state In this form of government, a one-party

dictatorship attempts to control every aspect of the lives of its citizens

Today, we usually use the term fascism to describe the underlying ideology of any centralized, authoritarian government system that is not communist

Fascism is rooted in extreme nationalism Fascists believe in action, violence, discipline,

and blind loyalty to the state

Fascism They praise warfare Fascists are anti-democratic, rejecting equality

and liberty Fascists oppose communists on important

issues Communists favored spreading communism

internationally and the creation of a classless society

Unlike communism, fascists were most concerned with strengthening their own nation

Fascism Fascists are nationalists who support a society

with defined classes (upper, middle, poor) Both base their power on blind devotion to a

leader (e.g., Mussolini) or the state – individuals do not matter under Fascism

Both flourish during economic hard times Fascism appealed to Italians because it

restored national pride, provided stability, and ended the political feuding that had paralyzed democracy in Italy

Powerpoint Questions 1. What angered Italian nationalists after

World War I? 2. Who were the party militants who rejected

the democratic process in favor of violent action?

3. After the March of Rome, what did the king feel pressured to do?

4. Under Mussolini’s leadership, what groups controlled industry, agriculture, and trade?

5. Explain a totalitarian state. 6. How do you define fascism?

Powerpoint Questions 7. Why did fascism appeal to many Italians? 8. How does fascism differ from communism?

Explain 9. What is fascism rooted in? 10. What four elements do fascists believe in?

(four points) 11. What slogan did the fascists play on

loudspeakers? 12. What did the Fascist Party teach young

children?

The End