farms and land in farms 2019 summary 02/20/2020 · 2020-02-20 · 4 farms and land in farms 2019...

United States Department of Agriculture National Agricultural Statistics Service

ISSN: 1995-2004

Farms and Land in Farms 2019 Summary February 2020

Farms and Land in Farms 2019 Summary (February 2020) 3 USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Contents

Farms and Land in Farms Highlights ...................................................................................................................................... 4

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size – United States: 2012-2019 ....................................................... 5

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class – United States: 2018-2019 ............. 5

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size – States and United States: 2018-2019 ..................................... 6

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000-$9,999 – States and United States: 2018-2019 ............ 7

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $10,000-$99,999 – States and United States: 2018-2019 ........ 8

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $100,000-$249,999 – States and United States: 2018-2019 .... 9

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $250,000-$499,999 – States and United States: 2018-2019 .. 10

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $500,000-$999,999 – States and United States: 2018-2019 .. 11

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size, $1,000,000 or more – States and United States: 2018-2019 .. 12

Statistical Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 13

Terms and Definitions ........................................................................................................................................................... 14

Farm Definition History ........................................................................................................................................................ 15

Information Contacts ............................................................................................................................................................ 16

4 Farms and Land in Farms 2019 Summary (February 2020) USDA, National Agricultural Statistics Service

Farms and Land in Farms Highlights

The number of farms in the United States for 2019 is estimated at 2,023,400, down 5,800 farms from 2018. Total land in

farms, at 897,400,000 acres, decreased 2,100,000 acres from 2018. The average farm size for 2019 is 444 acres, up 1 acre

from the previous year.

Farm numbers and land in farms are differentiated by six economic sales classes. Farms and ranches are classified into

these six sales classes by summing the sales of agricultural products and government program payments. Sales class

breaks occur at $10,000, $100,000, $250,000, $500,000, and $1,000,000. Producers were asked during the 2019 mid-year

surveys to report the value of sales based on production during the 2018 calendar year.

Point Farms are farms that did not have the required minimum $1,000 in sales for the year to qualify as a farm, but had

sufficient crops and livestock to normally have sales of $1,000 or more. Point Farms are assigned a sales class based on

the sum of the agricultural point (dollar) values assigned to the quantity of commodities produced but not sold. The

2017 Census of Agriculture showed that 471,593 farms or 23.1 percent of the 2,042,220 farms were Point Farms. These

Point Farms operated 59,166,158 acres or 6.6 percent of the 900,217,576 acres of farmland.

Number of farms declined by 5,800 from 2018. The number of farms in the $100,000 - $249,999 and $250,000 -

$499,999 sales classes increased while all other sales classes declined. In 2019, 51.1 percent of all farms had less than

$10,000 in sales and 81.5 percent of all farms had less than $100,000 in sales. In 2019, 7.4 percent of all farms had sales

of $500,000 or more.

Land in farms, at 897,400,000 acres, is down 2,100,000 acres from 2018. The biggest change for 2019 is that producers

in Sales Class $100,000 - $249,999 operated 1,170,000 fewer acres than in 2018. In 2019, 30.2 percent of all farmland

was operated by farms with less than $100,000 in sales, while 40.8 percent of all farmland was operated by farms with

sales of $500,000 or more.

The average farm size continued to increase in 2019 as the number of farms declined. The overall average size increased

by 1 acre to 444 acres per farm. Average farm size decreased in the $100,000-$249,999 and $250,000 - $499,999 sales

classes and increased or remained unchanged in all others.


Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size – United States: 2012-2019

Year Number of farms Land in farms Average farm size

(number) (1,000 acres) (acres)

2012 ...................................... 2013 ...................................... 2014 ...................................... 2015 ...................................... 2016 ...................................... 2017 ...................................... 2018 ...................................... 2019 ......................................

2,109,810 2,100,350 2,082,440 2,063,890 2,055,340 2,042,000 2,029,200 2,023,400

914,600 911,720 908,920 905,790 902,680 900,370 899,500 897,400

433 434 436 439 439 441 443 444

Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class – United States: 2018-2019

Economic sales class

Percent of total Average farm size

Number of Farms Land in farms

2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019

(percent) (percent) (percent) (percent) (acres) (acres)

$1,000 - $9,999 ................... $10,000 - $99,999 ................ $100,000 - $249,999 ............ $250,000 - $499,999 ............ $500,000 - $999,999 ............ $1,000,000 or more ............. Total 1 ..................................

51.0 30.5

6.7 4.4 3.6 3.9

100.0

51.1 30.4 6.7 4.4 3.5 3.9

100.0

9.4 20.8 14.8 14.3 15.4 25.3

100.0

9.4 20.8 14.7 14.3 15.4 25.4

100.0

81 302 987

1,450 1,925 2,897

443

81 304 976

1,448 1,940 2,910

444

1 Percent of total may not add to 100 due to rounding.


Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size – States and United States: 2018-2019

State Number of farms Land in farms Average farm size

2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019

(number) (number) (1,000 acres) (1,000 acres) (acres) (acres)

Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... Florida ........................................... Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina ............................... North Dakota ................................. Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................. South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................. Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... United States ................................

39,700 1,000

19,200 42,500 69,400 38,900 5,500 2,300

47,500 41,600

7,300

24,800 72,000 56,100 86,000 58,900 75,100 27,400 7,600

12,400

7,200 47,000 68,500 34,700 95,000 26,900 45,900 3,400 4,100 9,900

24,700 33,400 46,400 26,100 77,800 77,300 37,200 53,000 1,100

24,600

29,600 70,000

247,000 18,100 6,800

42,500 35,700 23,400 64,800 11,900

2,029,200

38,800 1,050

19,000 42,300 69,900 38,700 5,500 2,300

47,400 41,500

7,300

24,600 71,400 56,000 85,300 58,500 74,800 27,400 7,600

12,400

7,200 47,000 68,000 34,500 95,200 26,800 45,700 3,350 4,100 9,900

24,800 33,400 46,200 26,100 77,800 77,300 37,200 52,700 1,100

24,600

29,600 69,700

247,000 17,800 6,800

42,400 35,600 22,900 64,900 12,000

2,023,400

8,500 850

26,200 13,900 24,300 31,800

380 530

9,700 10,100

1,100

11,600 27,000 15,000 30,600 45,800 12,900 8,000 1,300 2,000

500

9,800 25,500 10,400 27,700 58,000 45,000 6,100

430 750

40,500 6,900 8,400

39,300 13,900 34,200 16,000 7,300

60 4,800

43,200 10,900

127,000 10,700 1,200 7,800

14,700 3,600

14,300 29,000

899,500

8,300 850

26,200 14,000 24,300 31,800

380 530

9,700 10,200

1,100

11,500 27,000 14,900 30,600 45,700 12,900 8,000 1,300 2,000

500

9,800 25,500 10,400 27,600 58,000 44,900 6,100

430 750

40,000 6,900 8,400

39,300 13,600 34,400 15,800 7,300

60 4,800

43,200 10,800

126,500 10,700 1,200 7,800

14,600 3,500

14,300 29,000

897,400

214 850

1,365 327 350 817 69

230 204 243

151 468 375 267 356 778 172 292 171 161

69

209 372 300 292

2,156 980

1,794 105 76

1,640

207 181

1,506 179 442 430 138 55

195

1,459 156 514 591 176 184 412 154 221

2,437

443

214 810

1,379 331 348 822 69

230 205 246

151 467 378 266 359 781 172 292 171 161

69

209 375 301 290

2,164 982

1,821 105 76

1,613

207 182

1,506 175 445 425 139 55

195

1,459 155 512 601 176 184 410 153 220

2,417

444


Number of Farms, Land in Farms, and Average Farm Size by Economic Sales Class – States and United States: 2018-2019

State

Economic sales class: $1,000-$9,999

Number of farms Land in farms Average farm size

2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................ Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ........................................... Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ...................................... United States ................................

22,600 540

14,300 20,700 26,400 21,900 3,650

820 29,000 23,300

4,250

13,500 27,900 25,800 25,400 21,800 44,300 15,300 4,800 6,700

4,500

24,000 25,400 19,700 44,400 11,600 11,500 1,700 2,750 6,400

16,800 15,400 26,100 7,200

40,400 39,800 23,400 25,000

630 16,500

7,200

43,800 156,500 11,000 3,750

24,100 21,800 17,000 28,800 5,600

1,035,690

21,800 590

14,200 20,500 27,200 22,000 3,650

820 28,900 23,200

4,250

13,300 27,700 26,100 25,000 21,300 44,000 15,400 4,800 6,700

4,500

24,500 24,900 19,600 44,500 11,400 11,300 1,700 2,750 6,400

17,000 15,500 25,900 7,400

41,400 40,300 23,500 24,900

630 16,400

7,000

43,600 156,500 10,800 3,750

24,100 21,700 16,600 29,000 5,600

1,034,540

2,100 80

4,800 1,800 1,400 2,100

130 20

1,300 2,300

70

700 1,200

900 900

2,000 3,100 1,100

390 260

190

1,200 1,600 2,300 3,300 1,900

800 500 170 160

5,100 1,100 1,500 1,100 1,600 4,100 1,000 1,300

20 1,600

900

2,700 15,600

600 280

1,700 800

1,600 1,800 1,200

84,370

1,900 80

4,800 1,750 1,300 2,200

130 20

1,300 2,300

70

650 1,200 1,000

900 1,900 3,000 1,100

390 260

190

1,250 1,600 2,200 3,200 2,000

800 520 170 160

5,000 1,100 1,400 1,200 1,900 4,200 1,100 1,300

20 1,500

1,000 2,700

15,200 600 280

1,700 800

1,500 1,900 1,200

83,940

93 148 336 87 53 96 36 24 45 99

16 52 43 35 35 92 70 72 81 39

42 50 63

117 74

164 70

294 62 25

304 71 57

153 40

103 43 52 32 97

125 62

100 55 75 71 37 94 63

214

81

87 136 338 85 48

100 36 24 45 99

16 49 43 38 36 89 68 71 81 39

42 51 64

112 72

175 71

306 62 25

294 71 54

162 46

104 47 52 32 91

143 62 97 56 75 71 37 90 66

214

81



State



2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... Florida ........................................... Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina ............................... North Dakota ................................. Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................. South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................. Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... United States ................................

12,500 360

3,550 14,700 22,500 11,200 1,400

510 13,500 11,500

2,500 6,500

20,200 16,600 26,200 21,300 24,200 8,800 2,050 3,300

1,950

14,400 20,400 10,700 37,200 8,000

14,500 970

1,100 2,350

6,100

11,400 12,700 7,400

23,000 29,000 9,000

16,700 340

5,900

9,300 21,700 72,800 5,100 1,950

14,000 8,300 5,600

20,100 3,700

619,030

12,500 360

3,450 14,500 22,600 10,800 1,400

510 13,500 11,500

2,500 6,500

20,000 16,100 25,800 21,500 24,200 8,700 2,050 3,300

1,950

14,000 20,500 10,600 37,300 8,100

14,300 980

1,100 2,350

6,000

11,500 12,700 7,300

22,000 28,500 8,900

16,700 340

6,000

9,400 21,600 72,800 5,000 1,950

13,900 8,300 5,500

20,200 3,800

615,340

3,200 450

5,300 3,700 4,000 7,100

100 50

2,100 2,700

200

1,800 2,600 1,800 3,700 7,100 4,400 1,900

350 390

160

1,700 3,600 3,000 8,600

10,400 5,000

500 170 170

10,400 1,800 1,800 4,000 2,700

11,400 3,000 2,200

20 1,300

4,600 3,900

38,300 1,900

310 2,800 1,800 1,400 2,900 4,000

186,770

3,200 450

5,200 3,700 4,300 7,000

100 50

2,100 2,700

200

1,800 2,500 1,700 3,600 7,200 4,500 1,900

350 390

160

1,600 3,600 3,000 8,600

10,300 4,900

530 170 170

10,200 1,800 1,800 4,100 2,900

11,400 2,900 2,200

20 1,400

4,500 3,800

39,000 1,900

310 2,800 1,700 1,400 2,900 4,100

187,100

256 1,250 1,493

252 178 634 71 98

156 235

80

277 129 108 141 333 182 216 171 118

82

118 176 280 231

1,300 345 515 155 72

1,705

158 142 541 117 393 333 132 59

220

495 180 526 373 159 200 217 250 144

1,081

302

256 1,250 1,507

255 190 648 71 98

156 235

80

277 125 106 140 335 186 218 171 118

82

114 176 283 231

1,272 343 541 155 72

1,700

157 142 562 132 400 326 132 59

233

479 176 536 380 159 201 205 255 144

1,079

304



State



2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................ Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ........................................... Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ...................................... Other States 1 ............................... United States ................................

1,050 40

530 1,350 6,450 2,550

190 130

1,900 1,450

270

1,700 8,000 5,000

11,100 6,300 2,900

950 320 720

340

3,150 7,700

920 5,800 3,100 6,400

220 (D) 450

820

3,000 1,650 3,100 6,400 4,250 1,850 5,100

(D) 630

4,450 1,800 7,500

900 470

1,750 1,800

370 6,900 1,200

190

135,110

1,150 40

510 1,400 6,500 2,600

190 130

1,900 1,400

270

1,700 8,000 5,200

11,000 6,100 3,000

950 320 720

340

3,200 7,700

940 5,800 3,150 6,500

220 (D) 450

810

2,850 1,700 3,200 6,500 4,250 1,800 5,000

(D) 630

4,500 1,800 7,400

890 470

1,700 1,800

370 7,000 1,200

190

135,440

750 210

10,300 950

3,200 5,900

30 40

1,200 690

130

1,700 2,700 1,700 3,600 6,600 1,200

790 100 210

40

1,200 2,900

610 3,500

10,200 5,700

900 (D) 110

6,300

880 600

4,700 2,200 6,300 2,600 1,100

(D) 320

6,800

850 20,200 1,300

140 950

3,100 270

2,100 5,400

40

133,310

810 210

10,400 950

3,200 5,800

30 40

1,100 710

130

1,700 2,700 1,600 3,600 6,500 1,200

790 100 210

40

1,300 2,900

620 3,500

10,300 5,900

960 (D) 110

6,200

880 700

4,600 2,000 6,400 2,500 1,100

(D) 300

6,900

850 19,200 1,300

140 950

3,000 270

2,100 5,300

40

132,140

714 5,250

19,434 704 496

2,314 158 308 632 476

481

1,000 338 340 324

1,048 414 832 313 292

118 381 377 663 603

3,290 891

4,091 (D) 244

7,683

293 364

1,516 344

1,482 1,405

216 (D) 508

1,528

472 2,693 1,444

298 543

1,722 730 304

4,500

(X)

987

704 5,250

20,392 679 492

2,231 158 308 579 507

481

1,000 338 308 327

1,066 400 832 313 292

118 406 377 660 603

3,270 908

4,364 (D) 244

7,654

309 412

1,438 308

1,506 1,389

220 (D) 476

1,533

472 2,595 1,461

298 559

1,667 730 300

4,417

(X)

976

(D) Withheld to avoid disclosing data for individual operations. (X) Not applicable. 1 Includes data withheld above.



State



2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... Florida ........................................... Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina ............................... North Dakota ................................. Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................. South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................. Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... Other States 1 ............................... United States ................................

650 (D) 210

1,050 3,900 1,450

110 110

1,000 1,050

120

1,200 6,200 3,350 8,900 4,050 1,450

540 180 490

(D)

2,200 5,800

600 2,950 2,300 5,000

240 70

280

390 1,750 1,250 3,000 3,300 2,050 1,150 3,150

(D) 280

3,700 1,000 3,650

520 320 910

1,250 130

4,300 810

250

88,610

650 (D) 200

1,100 4,000 1,500

110 110

1,000 1,100

120

1,200 6,100 3,250 9,200 4,150 1,400

570 180 490

(D)

2,150 5,800

580 2,950 2,250 5,100

200 70

280

390 1,700 1,250 3,000 3,000 2,100 1,150 3,100

(D) 280

3,800 1,000 3,600

510 320 960

1,250 130

4,250 810

250

88,660

560 (D)

1,700 750

2,300 5,700

20 50

850 610

170

1,500 4,000 2,000 5,500 7,600

900 610 100 230

(D)

1,200 3,900

590 2,900

13,400 7,800 1,000

30 80

6,400

780 700

6,500 1,900 4,600 2,900

980 (D) 270

8,700

660 14,700 2,000

130 680

2,100 120

2,000 6,200

130

128,500

580 (D)

1,600 800

2,200 5,800

20 50

850 690

170

1,500 4,000 2,000 5,500 7,500

900 610 100 230

(D)

1,300 4,000

580 2,900

13,300 7,900

900 30 80

6,300

780 700

6,600 1,600 4,600 2,800

980 (D) 230

8,800

660 14,800 2,000

130 680

2,200 110

2,100 6,100

130

128,390

862 (D)

8,095 714 590

3,931 182 455 850 581

1,417 1,250

645 597 618

1,877 621

1,130 556 469

(D) 545 672 983 983

5,826 1,560 4,167

429 286

16,410

446 560

2,167 576

2,244 2,522

311 (D) 964

2,351

660 4,027 3,846

406 747

1,680 923 465

7,654

(X)

1,450

892 (D)

8,000 727 550

3,867 182 455 850 627

1,417 1,250

656 615 598

1,807 643

1,070 556 469

(D) 605 690

1,000 983

5,911 1,549 4,500

429 286

16,154

459 560

2,200 533

2,190 2,435

316 (D) 821

2,316

660 4,111 3,922

406 708

1,760 846 494

7,531

(X)

1,448




State



2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................ Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ........................................... Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ...................................... United States ................................

1,200 30

200 1,350 3,550

900 70

260 900

1,800

70 800

5,300 2,450 8,000 3,000 1,000

710 110 520

140

1,550 4,800

880 2,400 1,300 4,400

140 30

200

260 930

1,450 2,800 2,550 1,150

850 1,700

20 410

2,700

830 3,000

310 140 830

1,100 150

2,550 390

72,180

1,100 30

220 1,400 3,200

920 70

260 900

1,850

70 800

5,200 2,500 7,900 2,900 1,000

730 110 520

140

1,500 4,800

880 2,400 1,250 4,300

110 30

200

260 930

1,450 2,700 2,650 1,100

870 1,650

20 380

2,600

830 3,100

320 140 850

1,100 150

2,400 380

71,170

690 20

1,000 1,200 2,200 4,500

20 110 650

1,400

210 1,800 6,100 2,800 7,800 9,200

900 1,050

70 330

30

1,500 5,100

900 3,700

12,200 9,400

700 10 90

6,300

640 900

9,100 2,300 3,600 2,800

750 10

400

8,900 890

14,500 1,000

80 670

2,300 100

1,900 6,100

138,920

660 20

1,000 1,200 2,300 4,700

20 110 650

1,400

210 1,750 6,000 2,700 7,800 9,200

900 1,050

70 330

30

1,400 5,100

900 3,700

12,100 9,200

640 10 90

6,200

640 900

8,800 2,200 3,600 2,800

750 10

400

8,800 890

14,800 1,000

80 670

2,300 110

1,800 6,100

138,090

575 667

5,000 889 620

5,000 286 423 722 778

3,000 2,250 1,151 1,143

975 3,067

900 1,479

636 635

214 968

1,063 1,023 1,542 9,385 2,136 5,000

333 450

24,231

688 621

3,250 902

3,130 3,294

441 500 976

3,296 1,072 4,833 3,226

571 807

2,091 667 745

15,641

1,925

600 667

4,545 857 719

5,109 286 423 722 757

3,000 2,188 1,154 1,080

987 3,172

900 1,438

636 635

214 933

1,063 1,023 1,542 9,680 2,140 5,818

333 450

23,846

688 621

3,259 830

3,273 3,218

455 500

1,053

3,385 1,072 4,774 3,125

571 788

2,091 733 750

16,053

1,940



State

Economic sales class: $1,000,000 or more


2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019


Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... Florida ........................................... Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina ............................... North Dakota ................................. Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................. South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................. Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... Other States 1 ............................... United States ................................

1,700 (D) 410

3,350 6,600

900 80

470 1,200 2,500

90

1,100 4,400 2,900 6,400 2,450 1,250 1,100

140 670

(D)

1,700 4,400 1,900 2,250

600 4,100

130 (D) 220

330 920

3,250 2,600 2,150 1,050

950 1,350

(D) 880

2,250

870 3,550

270 170 910

1,450 150

2,150 200

120

78,580

1,600 (D) 420

3,400 6,400

880 80

470 1,200 2,450

90

1,100 4,400 2,850 6,400 2,550 1,200 1,050

140 670

(D)

1,650 4,300 1,900 2,250

650 4,200

140 (D) 220

340 920

3,200 2,500 2,250 1,050

980 1,350

(D) 910

2,300

870 3,600

280 170 890

1,450 150

2,050 210

120

78,250

1,200 (D)

3,100 5,500

11,200 6,500

80 260

3,600 2,400

320

4,100 10,400 5,800 9,100

13,300 2,400 2,550

290 580

(D)

3,000 8,400 3,000 5,700 9,900

16,300 2,500

(D) 140

6,000 1,700 2,900

13,900 3,200 4,200 3,700

970 (D) 910

13,300 1,900

23,700 3,900

260 1,000 4,600

110 3,600 6,100

60

227,630

1,150 (D)

3,200 5,600

11,000 6,300

80 260

3,700 2,400

320

4,100 10,600 5,900 9,200

13,400 2,400 2,550

290 580

(D)

2,950 8,300 3,100 5,700

10,000 16,200 2,550

(D) 140

6,100 1,700 2,900

14,000 3,000 4,200 3,700

970 (D) 970

13,200 1,900

23,500 3,900

260 1,000 4,600

110 3,500 6,200

60

227,740

706 (D)

7,561 1,642 1,697 7,222 1,000

553 3,000

960

3,556 3,727 2,364 2,000 1,422 5,429 1,920 2,318 2,071

866

(D) 1,765 1,909 1,579 2,533

16,500 3,976

19,231 (D) 636

18,182 1,848

892 5,346 1,488 4,000 3,895

719 (D)

1,034

5,911 2,184 6,676

14,444 1,529 1,099 3,172

733 1,674

30,500

(X)

2,897

719 (D)

7,619 1,647 1,719 7,159 1,000

553 3,083

980

3,556 3,727 2,409 2,070 1,438 5,255 2,000 2,429 2,071

866

(D) 1,788 1,930 1,632 2,533

15,385 3,857

18,214 (D) 636

17,941 1,848

906 5,600 1,333 4,000 3,776

719 (D)

1,066

5,739 2,184 6,528

13,929 1,529 1,124 3,172

733 1,707

29,524

(X)

2,910



Statistical Methodology Survey Procedures: Data are collected by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) during the June

Agricultural Survey using sampling procedures to ensure every farm and ranch has a chance of being selected. NASS uses

a multiple sampling frame approach to count farms and measure land in farms. An Area Sampling Frame that divides all

land into segments is built for every state except Alaska. A sample of segments is selected in each state except Alaska and

Hawaii and enumerated in early June. Highly trained interviewers locate each sampled segment and identify every farm

and ranch operating land in the segment and the number of acres in each operation.

These data are used to compute summaries of farm numbers and acres of land in farms. Additionally, all farms found in

the segments are checked against a list of farms and ranches maintained by NASS to determine if the farm is on the list.

Operations found in the Area Frame sample that are not on the list provide a measure of incompleteness of the list. The

summarized totals for these non-overlap (or not-on-list) operations are combined with summarized totals collected from a

sample selected from the list to calculate additional indications of farms and land in farms.

Estimation Procedures: Data are checked for reasonableness and consistency and summarized for each state. State

estimates are aggregated to national totals for Headquarters review. Field Offices perform a thorough review of their

survey results and historical data relationships and recommend official estimates. Headquarters establishes national

estimates and ensures that state estimates are in balance with the national numbers.

Revision Policy: Estimates are subject to revision the following year and following review of the five-year Census of

Agriculture. The basis for revision must be supported by additional data which directly affect the level of the estimate.

Reliability: Two types of errors, sampling and non-sampling, are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey. Both

types can affect the quality of the estimates.

Sampling error occurs because a complete census is not taken. The sampling error measures the variation in estimates

from the average of all possible samples. An estimate of 100 with a sampling error of 1 would mean that chances are 19

out of 20 that the estimates from all possible samples averaged together would be between 98 and 102; which is the

survey estimate, plus or minus two times the sampling error. The sampling error expressed as a percent of the estimate is

called the relative sampling error. In 2019, the relative sampling error for the United States number of farms was 1.9

percent and land in farms was 2.0 percent. Relative sampling errors by economic sales class ranged from 1.8 to

6.1 percent for number of farms and 2.2 to 9.0 percent for land in farms at the United States level.

Non-sampling errors can occur in complete censuses as well as sample surveys. They are caused by the inability to obtain

correct information from each person surveyed, differences in interpreting questions or definitions, and mistakes in coding

or processing the data. Special efforts are taken at each step of the survey to minimize non-sampling errors.


Terms and Definitions A farm is “any place from which $1,000 or more of agricultural products were produced and sold, or normally would

have been sold, during the year.” Government payments are included in sales. Ranches, institutional farms, experimental

and research farms, and Indian Reservations are included as farms. Places with the entire acreage enrolled in the

Conservation Reserve Program (CRP), Wetlands Reserve Program (WRP), and other government conservation programs

are counted as farms.

The definition of a farm was first established in 1850 and has changed nine times since. The current definition was first

used for the 1974 Census.

Land in farms consists of agricultural land used for crops, pasture, or grazing. Also included is woodland and wasteland

not actually under cultivation or used for pasture or grazing, provided it was part of the farm operator’s total operation.

Land in farms includes acres in CRP, WRP, and other government conservation programs.

Land in farms includes land owned and operated as well as land rented from others. Land used rent-free is included as

land rented from others. All grazing land, except land used under government permits on a per-head basis, is included as

land in farms provided it was part of a farm or ranch. Land under the exclusive use of a grazing association is reported by

the grazing association and included as land in farms. All land in American Indian reservations used for growing crops or

grazing livestock is included as land in farms. Land in reservations not reported by individual American Indians or non-

Native Americans is reported in the name of the cooperative group that used the land. In many instances, the entire

American Indian reservation is reported as one farm.

Economic sales classes are based on the gross value of agricultural products sold. Government program payments are

also included.

Point Farms are places that did not have $1,000 of reported sales for the year, but had sufficient crops and livestock to

normally have sales of $1,000 or more.


Farm Definition History The definition of a farm has remained the same since 1974. Activities included as agriculture, however, have undergone

modification in recent years. Beginning in 1995, operations having 5 or more horses or ponies and no other agricultural

sales were counted as horse farms. An operation with 1 or more horses with agricultural sales of at least $1,000, qualified

as a farm. Two industries, maple syrup and short rotation woody crop farms, were added beginning in 1997 as a result of

the new North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). These changes were made to achieve comparability

with the Census of Agriculture farm definition. All the changes in the farm definition beginning in 1995 were carried back

to 1993 and included in the 1993-1998 estimates. These changes bring comparability between the Census of Agriculture

data and the annually published NASS estimates. Because of these changes in the farm definition, the official estimates

show a level difference in the number of farms between 1992 and 1993 in some states. To further align the counting of

farms with the Census of Agriculture, places with 100 acres or more of pasture only in 2002 were included in farm and

land in farm numbers. The handling of Indian reservation land was changed in 2002 to provide some accounting for

individual farms.

Minimum Criteria for “FARM” Definition, 1840 – Present and Enumeration of Apiaries and Fur Farms

Year Acres in Place

Value of Agricultural

Products (Produced)

Value of Sales of Agricultural

Products

Required some

Agricultural Operations

Apiaries and Fur Farms

Enumerated

1974 - Present - - - - $1,000 or more - - - -

1959 Less than 10 10 or more

- - - -

$250 or more $50 or more

- - - -

- - - -


- - $150 or more

$150 or more - -

- - - -

- - - -


- - $150 or more

$150 or more - -

- - - -

Apiaries Fur Farms

1935 - 1945 Less than 3 3 or more

$250 or more - -

- - - -

- - X

Apiaries Fur Farms


$250 or more - -

- - - -

- - X

Apiaries - -


$250 or more - -

- - - -

- - X

- - - -


$250 or more - -

- - - -

- - X

Apiaries - -


- - - -

- - - -

- - X

Apiaries - -


- - - -

$500 or more - -

- - X

Apiaries - -

1860 - - - - - - - - - -

1850 - - $100 or more - - - - Apiaries

1840 - - - - - - - - - -

Historic Estimates: Final estimates of Farms and Land in Farms in earlier years are available in Statistical Bulletins No.

1049 for 2013-2017, No. 1030 for 2008-2012, No. 1018 for 2003-2007, No. 991 for 1998-2002, No. 955 for 1993-97, No.

895 for 1988-92, No. 792 for 1979-87, SpSy3 for 1975-80, No. 594 for 1969-75, No. 507 for 1959-70, No. 316 for

number of farm estimates for 1910-59 and land in farms estimates for 1950-59.


Information Contacts

Listed below are the commodity statisticians in the Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch of the National

Agricultural Statistics Service to contact for additional information. E-mail inquiries may be sent to [email protected].

Jody McDaniel, Chief, Environmental, Economics, and Demographics Branch............................................. (202) 720-6146

Bruce Boess, Head, Economics Section ........................................................................................................... (202) 720-4447

Eric Barnes – Cash Receipts, Farm Computer Use, Land Values ............................................................. (202) 690-3225

Stephanie Brennan – Farm Production Expenditures ................................................................................ (202) 690-0392

Kuan Chen – Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices .................................................................................... (202) 690-3347

Ryan Cowen – Farm Production Expenditures .......................................................................................... (202) 720-2250

Doug Farmer – Chemical Use ................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3229

Stephen Habets – Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices ............................................................................. (202) 720-9168

Michael Mathison – Cash Rents, Farms, Land in Farms, Grazing Fees .................................................... (202) 720-3243

John Stephens – Prices, Prices Indexes, Parity Prices ............................................................................... (202) 720-8844

Theresa Varner – Farm Labor .................................................................................................................... (202) 690-3231

Access to NASS Reports

For your convenience, you may access NASS reports and products the following ways:

All reports are available electronically, at no cost, on the NASS web site: www.nass.usda.gov

Both national and state specific reports are available via a free e-mail subscription. To set-up this free

subscription, visit www.nass.usda.gov and click on “National” or “State” in upper right corner above “search”

box to create an account and select the reports you would like to receive.

Cornell’s Mann Library has launched a new website housing NASS’s and other agency’s archived

reports. The new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. All email subscriptions containing reports will

be sent from the new website, https://usda.library.cornell.edu. To continue receiving the reports via e-

mail, you will have to go to the new website, create a new account and re-subscribe to the reports. If you

need instructions to set up an account or subscribe, they are located at:

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help. You should whitelist notifications@usda-

esmis.library.cornell.edu in your email client to avoid the emails going into spam/junk folders.

For more information on NASS surveys and reports, call the NASS Agricultural Statistics Hotline at (800) 727-9540,

7:30 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. ET, or e-mail: [email protected].

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination against its customers, employees, and applicants for

employment on the basis of race, color, national origin, age, disability, sex, gender identity, religion, reprisal, and where

applicable, political beliefs, marital status, familial or parental status, sexual orientation, or all or part of an individual's

income is derived from any public assistance program, or protected genetic information in employment or in any program

or activity conducted or funded by the Department. (Not all prohibited bases will apply to all programs and/or

employment activities.)

If you wish to file a Civil Rights program complaint of discrimination, complete the USDA Program Discrimination

Complaint Form (PDF), found online at www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer, or

at any USDA office, or call (866) 632-9992 to request the form. You may also write a letter containing all of the

information requested in the form. Send your completed complaint form or letter to us by mail at U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Director, Office of Adjudication, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, D.C. 20250-9410, by fax

(202) 690-7442 or email at [email protected].

https://www.nass.usda.gov/

https://www.nass.usda.gov/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/

https://usda.library.cornell.edu/help

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_12.pdf

http://www.ocio.usda.gov/sites/default/files/docs/2012/Complain_combined_6_8_12.pdf

http://www.ascr.usda.gov/filing-program-discrimination-complaint-usda-customer


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