farming bluefin tuna closed life cycle coming to a solution

Fernando de la Gá[email protected]

Farming Bluefin tuna Closed life cycle coming to

a solution

The fisheriesALMADRABA

The fattening activity

SPAWNING AREAS

Capture

PURSE SEINE

DETECTION METHODS

Capture

Towing

SPEED ~ 1 Knot

2000 €/day

Farming -Fattening

Slaughtering

Marketing

OVERFISHING International Commission for theConservation of Atlantic tunas

TAC (TOTAL ALLOWABLE CATCH)

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

years

Tons

FATTENING

DOMESTICATION

RAW FISH

WILD STOCKS

EUROPEAN MARKET

JAPANESE MARKET

MARKETS

FISHERIES

ARTIFICIAL FOOD

WORLD INITIATIVES FOR CLOSING TUNA LIFE CYCLE IN CAPTIVITYJAPAN: KINKI UNIV. CLOSED THE PBFT LIFE CYCLE IN 2002

AUSTRALIA: CLEANSEAS & SARDI SBFT

USA: MIAMI AND BALTIMORE UNIVERSITIES

PANAMA: ACHOTINES / IATTC / KINKI UNIVERISTY YFT

BALI (INDONESIA) YBFT

EUROPEAN INITIATIVES FOR CLOSING TUNA LIFE CYCLE IN CAPTIVITYDOTT GROUP

ITALY: ALLOTUNA PROJECT: UNIV. BARI / PANITTICA PUGLIESE

TRANSDOTT: UNIV. DUSSELFDORF / FUTUNA BLUE / MALTA / ISRAEL

SPANISH INITIATIVES: IEO / RICARDO FUENTES GROUP

PREVIOUS PROJECTS2001 - 2002: DOTT (Domestication of Thunnus thynnus, the Blue Fin Tuna. Strategies for European Development in the Context of a Global Market). (Q5AM-2001- 00063). UE (FP5-QoL)

2003 - 2006: REPRODOTT (Domestication of Thunnus thynnus, the bluefin tuna BFT. A Feasibility Study on its Reproduction in captivity ). (EU, Q5RS-2002-01355)

2006 - 2007: ADAR (Advances in Domestication of Bluefin tuna. Capture and Domestication of the bluefin tuna juveniles). IEO-FUENTES GROUP-MURCIA REGIONAL GOVERNMENT.

SELFDOTT

FROM CAPTURE BASED TO SELF-SUSTAINED AQUACULTURE AND DOMESTICATION OF BLUEFIN TUNA, THUNNUS THYNNUS

7th Framework Programme of the European Commision (KBBE-2007-1-2-09 Cooperation Work Programme: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology)

The challenge of domesticating bluefin tuna (project SELFDOTT)

IEO (Spain), HCMR (Greece), IFREMER (France), University of Düsseldorf (Germany), TUNA GRASO S.A. (Spain), MRAE (Malta), IOLR-NCM (Israel), University of Cádiz (Spain), University of Bari (Italy), CNRS (France), SARC (Norway), University of Montpellier II (France) and Malta Fishfarming Ltd (Malta)

PARTICIPANTS

OBJECTIVES-Implementing the knowledge on the reproduction of bluefin tuna in captivity

-Establish the knowledge-base required for controlled development of eggs, larvae

- Establish the knowledge-base required for developing suitable and environmentally performing feeds

PROJECTFrom capture based to SELF-sustained aquaculture and Domestication of bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus. (SELFDOTT) funded by the 7th Framework Programme of the European Commision (KBBE-2007-1-2-09 Cooperation Work Program: Food, Agriculture and Fisheries, and Biotechnology): 4.2 million euros.

Broodstock maintenance, SPAIN

SITE ONE: CARTAGENA (SPAIN)

R1 (2007)

R2 (2008)

The broodstock was fed once a day with raw fish, mainly mackerel (Scomber scombrus) and Spanish mackerel (S. japonicus).

SELFDOTT, EU 7th FP

200920102011

20082010

Broodstock maintenance, MALTA

Egg collector designs

- Perimetric curtain 6 m deep

- Perimetric sieve with traps along the current axis

CARTAGENA

GnRHa (6 mg/fish), (Mylonas et al., 2008).

15th July 2008

2008

HORMONAL IMPLANTS (HORMONAL IMPLANTS (GnRHaGnRHa))

HORMONAL IMPLANTS (HORMONAL IMPLANTS (GnRHaGnRHa))

SPAWNING TEMPERATURES

TEMPERATURES

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

14/0

6/20

10 0

:00

15/0

6/20

10 0

:00

16/0

6/20

10 0

:00

17/0

6/20

10 0

:00

18/0

6/20

10 0

:00

19/0

6/20

10 0

:00

20/0

6/20

10 0

:00

21/0

6/20

10 0

:00

22/0

6/20

10 0

:00

23/0

6/20

10 0

:00

24/0

6/20

10 0

:00

25/0

6/20

10 0

:00

26/0

6/20

10 0

:00

27/0

6/20

10 0

:00

28/0

6/20

10 0

:00

29/0

6/20

10 0

:00

30/0

6/20

10 0

:00

01/0

7/20

10 0

:00

02/0

7/20

10 0

:00

03/0

7/20

10 0

:00

04/0

7/20

10 0

:00

05/0

7/20

10 0

:00

06/0

7/20

10 0

:00

07/0

7/20

10 0

:00

08/0

7/20

10 0

:00

09/0

7/20

10 0

:00

10/0

7/20

10 0

:00

11/0

7/20

10 0

:00

12/0

7/20

10 0

:00

13/0

7/20

10 0

:00

14/0

7/20

10 0

:00

15/0

7/20

10 0

:00

16/0

7/20

10 0

:00

17/0

7/20

10 0

:00

18/0

7/20

10 0

:00

19/0

7/20

10 0

:00

20/0

7/20

10 0

:00

21/0

7/20

10 0

:00

22/0

7/20

10 0

:00

23/0

7/20

10 0

:00

24/0

7/20

10 0

:00

date

ºC

SURFACE

MIDDLEBOTTOM

Natural spawning season

May-July

Spain20 - 26°C

Date

Malta

Aurelio OrtegaIEO

Antonio BelmonteTuna Graso S.A.

2009

EGG COLLECTION

19th/06/2010 Spontaneous spawning - Egg collection

EGG COLLECTION

SPAWNING IN SPAIN

SPAINM

illio

neg

gs

date

SPAWNING IN MALTA

MALTABFT Total Eggs Collected in 2011

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

16th

June

18th

June

20th

June

22nd

June

24th

June

26th

June

28th

June

30th

June

2nd J

uly4t

h July

6th J

uly8t

h July

10th

July

Date

Num

ber o

f Egg

s

EGG SHIPMENT

Mesocosm Pseudo Green water Clear water

1500-5000L

2500L

500L

1500 - 5000L

20 000 - 45 000L

500L 2000L

1500L

40 000 L

Larval rearing. Methods usedLarval rearing. Methods used

WP3 Larval rearingWP3 Larval rearingLT (mm)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35

días tras la eclosiónDAYS POST HATCHING

ENRICHED ROTIFER +ALGAE

ENRICHED ARTEMIA

YOLK SAC LARVAE DPH 0

DRY FOOD

FEEDING SCHEDULE AND GROWTH IN PGW IN SPAIN

MINCED RAW FISH

Larval rearingLarval rearing

Tanks: 40 m3 round tanksStocking density: 10 eggs / lUpwelling water inlet and aeration Fish oilSurface skimmer from 3 DPHTª 23 - 26ºC14hL:10hD

Weaning starts at 25 DPH.Tanks: 20 m3 with a dim light during night timeStocking density: 100-200 fish/m3

Skretting formulationRaw fish (Ammodytes sp.)

WeaningWeaning

Juvenile production in SpainJuvenile production in Spain


20132011


Transport

The duration of transport was about 3 hours.One hour from Mazarron to Escombreras (Cartagena) by truck (50 Km).One hour to move the tanks with the help of a crane.And another hour by boat to the cages and transfer de fingerlings to net cage in El Gorgel.

CRECIMIENTO DE JUVENILES 2011

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

DPE

PESO

(g)

43 DPH, 9 g 10 cm 84 DPH, 144 g 20 cm

DPH

GROWTH OF JUVENILES IN THE CAGES

WEI

GHT

(g)

120 DPH, 1.2 kg



GROWTH OF JUVENILES

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

20‐7 20‐8 20‐9 20‐10 20‐11 20‐12 20‐1 20‐2 20‐3 20‐4 20‐5 20‐6 20‐7 20‐8 20‐9

DATE

WEI

GHT

(g)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

TEM

PERA

TURE

(ºC

)


Survival rate of cultured bluefin tuna

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

20/0

7/12

20/0

8/12

20/0

9/12

20/1

0/12

20/1

1/12

20/1

2/12

20/0

1/13

20/0

2/13

20/0

3/13

20/0

4/13

20/0

5/13

20/0

6/13

20/0

7/13

20/0

8/13

20/0

9/13

Survival rate

144 g

84 DPH


1.2 Kg

125 DPH


2.0 Kg

185 DPH


4.0 Kg

395 DPH



2.5 yph (17 Kg)


2009 batch 73 DPH 0 BFT 30 g

2010 batch 120 DPH 0 BFT 100 g

2011 batch 2 years 6 months DPH 15 BFT 20 kg

2012 batch 1 year 6 months DPH 150 BFT 10 kg

2013 batch 6 months DPH 400 BFT 3 kg

2 Year 6 months DPH 20 Kg


MALNUTRITION

CANIBALISM

COLLISIONS


Mortality causesMortality causes

NEW PROJECTS IN 2012-2014

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNIQUES FOR

ENRICHMENT OF LIVING PREYS AND WEANING DIETS FOR BLUEFIN

TUNA (Thunnus thynnus)

MALT

Skretting, IEO, Caladeros del Mediterráneo y UPCT

Skretting contract

Advancing in the knowledge onnutrition and requirements of bluefin tuna larvae and juveniles

IMPROVEMENT OF THE TECHNIQUES OF

BLUEFIN TUNA(Thunnusthynnus) AQUACULTURE

TCAR

Caladeros del MediterráneoIEO, UPCT

CDTI (Spanish National Funding)

Advancing in the knowledge onbluefin tuna larval rearing, and juveniles transport and ongrowing

ASSESSMENT OF THE ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA POPULATION BREEDING IN THE

WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN

ATAME

IEO, UCA, AZTI and others.

Spanish National RTD Funding

Knowing several aspects of thebiology and ecophysiology of thebluefin tuna eggs and larvae usingcontrolled conditions.

CONCLUSIONS

1.- The fact that the captive BFT broodstock spawned massively in a spontaneous way from 2010 up to now, far from the BFT natural spawning areas shows that :

(a) the conditions present in the area are sufficient to allow completion of the reproductive cycle

(b) the fish have reached an important degree of domestication as a result of their stay at the experimental farm for several years

2.- The sea weather and currents have a crucial influence on the amount of collected eggs

PROBLEMS1.- The natural spawning period is too short (1.5 months) for maintaining a commercial activity

2.- Bad sea conditions could avoid the egg collection

3.- The bluefin tuna eggs comes with eggs of another species, some of them predators

IEO (Spain)SCIENCE MINISTRY (Spain)REGIONAL GOVERNMENTOF MURCIA (Spain)

PARTICIPANTSFUNDED BYEuropean Regional Development Fund –FEDERfunded 70% , 4,25 M €IEO contribute 30%, 1,75 M €Duration: 2011 - 2013

RESEARCHERS

Aurelio Ortega IEOFernando de la Gándara IEO

- 2 BROODSTOCK TANKS: 22 y 20 m Ø y 9 m depth 3.500 and 2.500 m3 25 and 30 individuals- 2 JUVENILES TANKS: 14 and 8 m Ø, 3 m depth. 900 and 150 m3

ICRA ICRA (Infrastructure for the Control of the Reproduction of Atlantic (Infrastructure for the Control of the Reproduction of Atlantic bluefin tuna)bluefin tuna)

ICRA ICRA (Infrastructure for the Control of the Reproduction of Atlantic (Infrastructure for the Control of the Reproduction of Atlantic bluefin tuna)bluefin tuna)

closing the life cycle in captivity


References: References: www.repositorio.ieo.eswww.repositorio.ieo.esSpontaneous spawning of Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus kept in captivity http://hdl.handle.net/10508/375

SELFDOTT REPORT 2009 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/356

SELFDOTT REPORT 2008 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/355

SELFDOTT REPORT 2010-2011 http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1118

SELFDOTT Final report (Abstract) http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1119

The challenge of domesticating bluefin tuna (Project SELFDOTT). Flyer. http://hdl.handle.net/10508/564

The challenge of Bluefin tuna domestication. The SELFDOTT project. http://hdl.handle.net/10508/563

Preliminary results of capture, transport and adaptation to captivity of young of the year bluefin tuna (Thunnusthynnus). http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1008

Eight years of research on bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) culture at the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO). http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1011

Using an echosounder system to study the vertical movements of captive bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) in floating cages. http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1009.

REPRODOTT Final Report (Reproduction of the Bluefin Tuna in Captivity - feasibility study for the domestication of Thunnus thynnus). http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1010

Domestication of Thunnus thynnus – DOTT. Proceeding of the first international Symposium held at the University of Cartagena, Spain, 3rd – 8th February, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10508/1131

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

farming bluefin tuna closed life cycle coming to a solution

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