fao book (final).pmd 2 › tempref › docrep › fao › 010 › ag130o › ag130mm00.pdf · the...
TRANSCRIPT
11111
22222
þvufp G Jpmapmi fud k ukvor*¾ ? urÇm hpm;ey f& du©mE Si f hp d ku fy s d K ;a&;tzG J U
ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIESifh aps;uGufrsm;XmecGJ Trade and Market Division (EST) ESifh
tm&SESifhypdzdwfa'o½kH;wkdY yl;aygif;í þvufpGJpmapmifudk jyKpkxm;ygonf/
t,f'DwmESifh pma&;olt,f'DwmESifh pma&;olt,f'DwmESifh pma&;olt,f'DwmESifh pma&;olt,f'DwmESifh pma&;ol
ygpu,fvif; (Pascal Liu)ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIESifh aps;uGufrsm;XmecGJ? urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU
wGJbufyg0ifaqmif&Gufaom pma&;olrsm;wGJbufyg0ifaqmif&Gufaom pma&;olrsm;wGJbufyg0ifaqmif&Gufaom pma&;olrsm;wGJbufyg0ifaqmif&Gufaom pma&;olrsm;wGJbufyg0ifaqmif&Gufaom pma&;olrsm;
ppf[rfaupD( Siobhan Casey)aus;vufa'ozGHYNzdK;a&;ESifh pkdufysdK;a&;tajccHaom puf½kHrsm;Xme?
urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU
*sif*sdK;qufpf um'D[Gef (Jean-Joseph Cadilhon)tm&SESifhypdzdwfa'o½kH;? urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifhpdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU
yDwmaqmfqm[kdpaumh(Peter Sousa Hoejskov)tm&SESifhypdzdwfa'o½kH;? urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU
eefpDarm*ef(Nancy Morgan)tm&SESifhypdzdwfa'o½kH; ?
urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifhpdkufysdK;a&;tzGJUyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIyl;aygif;aqmif&GufrI
pD;yGm;a&;ESifh ul;oef;a&mif;0,fa&;? aumifppf0ef jyifopfoH½kH; tm&S
taMumif;t&mzGJUpnf;jcif;taMumif;t&mzGJUpnf;jcif;taMumif;t&mzGJUpnf;jcif;taMumif;t&mzGJUpnf;jcif;taMumif;t&mzGJUpnf;jcif; ',feDvmyg*sefwDvD (Daniela Piergentili)ul;oef;a&mif;0,frIESifh aps;uGufrsm;XmecGJ? urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifhpdkufysdK;a&;tzGJU
bmomjyefqkdolbmomjyefqkdolbmomjyefqkdolbmomjyefqkdolbmomjyefqkdol ausmfjrifh? jrefrmhpdkufysdK;a&;vkyfief;
pmtkyftjyiftqif pmtkyftjyiftqif pmtkyftjyiftqif pmtkyftjyiftqif pmtkyftjyiftqif (Urgent Printing Media)
½kyfjyazmfjycsufrsm; ½kyfjyazmfjycsufrsm; ½kyfjyazmfjycsufrsm; ½kyfjyazmfjycsufrsm; ½kyfjyazmfjycsufrsm; tufeufazmifa';&Sif; (Earth Net Foundation)/*&if;euf(Green Net) xkdif;EkdifiH
aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;aus;Zl;rSwfwrf;wifjcif;
v,f,mpkdufysdK;a&;ESifhqnfajrmif;0efBuD;Xme jrefrmh pkdufysdK;a&; vkyfief;\
&efykHaiGjzifh þpmapmifukd bmomjyefqkdjcif;? ykHESdyfjcif;ESifh jzefYa0jcif;udk aqmif&Guf
ygonf/ jyifopfEkdifiH pkdufysdK;a&;ESifh ig;vkyfief;0efBuD;XmerS þpmapmif a&;om;rI
twGuf wnf;jzwfjcif;? ykHESdyfjcif;ESifh jzefYa0jcif;twGuf &efykHaiGyg0ifcJhNyD;
urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mtzGJU\ vkyfief;pDrHudef; (MTF/RAS/212/FRA) twGuf &efykHaiG
yg0if aqmif&GufcJhygonf/
33333
The mention or omission of specific companies,their products or brand names does not imply anyendorsement or judgment by the Food and AgricultureOrganization of the United Nations. The viewsexpressed in this publication are those of the author(s)and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Foodand Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.The designations employed and the presentation ofmaterial in this information product do not imply theexpression of any opinion whatsoever on the part ofthe Food and Agriculture Organization of the UnitedNations concerning the legal or development status ofany country, territory, city or area or of its authorities,or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers orboundaries. All rights reserved. Reproduction anddissemination of material in this information productfor educational or other noncommercial purposes areauthorized without any prior written permission fromthe copyright holders provided the source is fullyacknowledged. Reproduction of material in thisinformation product for resale or other commercialpurposes is prohibited without written permission ofthe copyright holders. Applications for such permissionsshould be addressed to the Chief, Publishing Policy andSupport Service, Information Technology Division(KCT), FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100Rome, Italy or by e-mail to copyright @ fao-org
cFAO 2007
44444
11111 Regulations of main import countries22222 Major voluntary certification programmes33333 Import regulations and certifications programmes
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66666
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77777
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He Changchui
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Assistant Director-General and Regional Representative
tm&SESifh ypdzdwftwGuf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pkdufysdK;a&;a'o½kH;tm&SESifh ypdzdwftwGuf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pkdufysdK;a&;a'o½kH;tm&SESifh ypdzdwftwGuf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pkdufysdK;a&;a'o½kH;tm&SESifh ypdzdwftwGuf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pkdufysdK;a&;a'o½kH;tm&SESifh ypdzdwftwGuf urÇmhpm;eyf&du©mESifh pkdufysdK;a&;a'o½kH;
FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific
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tD;tufpfwD(EST)onf rsm;pGmaom enf;ynmqkdif&m avhvmcsufrsm;udk
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aqmif&Gufygonf/ {NyDv 2004 ckESpfwGif vGwfvyfpGm owfrSwfcsufrsm;ESifh axmufcHrI
ay;jcif; (Voluntary Standards and Certification) tpnf;ta0;yGJ usif;yEkdif&ef
aqmif&GufcJhNyD; yk*¾vduESifh tpdk;&Xmersm;rS vkyfief;aqmif&Gufolaygif; 120 yg0ifcJhyg
onf/ ,if;tpnf;ta0;yG JwGif yk*¾vduowfrSwfcsufrsm;(Private Standards)tcGifhtvrf;rsm;ESifh jyóemtcuftcJ&yfrsm; aqG;aEG;tajz&Smjcif;udk aqmif&Guf
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ynmay;aqmif&Gufolrsm;ESifh jynfyodkY wifydkY a&mif;csolrsm;twGuf jynfyodkY wifydkY
a&mif;csonfh t"duaps;uGufrsm;ESifh ywfoufaom wifoGif;rIqkdif&m pnf;rsOf;rsm;?
yk*¾vdursm;\ t"duowfrSwfcsufrsm; (Major private standards)ESifh vGwfvyfpGm
axmufcHrItpDtpOf (Voluntary certification programmers) udk od&Sd tokH;csEkdif&ef
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vufpGJpmapmifrsm;ukdvnf; awmiftar&du? taemuftmz&duESifh ta&SUtmz&du
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International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)1313131313
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1111177777 Variety1818181818
Expiration date1919191919
External damage
1515151515
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FDA : www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/lab-ind.html
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2020202020
American Marketing Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)2121212121
Farm Bill2222222222
The Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 20022323232323
Implementation of mandatory country of origin labeling (COOL)2424242424
Inspection body2525252525
At the point of import2626262626
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United Kingdom Department of Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA)
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Japan Agricultural Standards (JAS) Law and the Measurement law3030303030
Japan External Trade Organization3232323232
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Maximum residue limits of pesticides3434343434
MRLs
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www.ipfsaph.org/En/default.jsp
www.fao.org/ag/agn/agns/index_en.asp
Home page of the Codex Alimentarius Commission:
www.codexalimentarius.net/web/index_en.jsp
Procedural Manual of the Codex Alimentarius Commission:www.codexalimentarius.net/web/procedural_manual.jsp
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www.fas.usda.gov/htp/MRL.asp
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
1919191919
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3838383838 For imformation about application procedure of an import tolerance:3939393939
Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare4040404040
Environmental Department
2020202020
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HACCP manual: www.fao.org/docrep/w8088e/w8088e00.htm
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USDA: www.ams.usda.gov/cool/
4343434343 Good Hygienic Practices (GHP)4444444444
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Plant Protection Station: www.pps.go.jp/english/
Japan External Trade Origanization : www.jetro.go.jp/en/market/regulations/
pdf/plant2003apr-e.pdf
Animal quarantine: www.maff-aqs.go.jp/english/ryoko/index.htm
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6868686868 Ministry of Agriculture (MOA)6969696969
HONG KONG,SAR7070707070
Food and Enviromental Hygiene Department7171717171
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What is volun tary certification ?8181818181
First-party verification8282828282
Standard8383838383
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Different types of certification programmes
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Why certify?9191919191
Fair-trade9292929292 Timor Leste9393939393
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pkdufysdK;rIESifh odyÜHenf;usA[kokwrsm;udk aygif;pyftokH;csjcif; jzpfygonf/ þodkY tokH;cs
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a'o\ obm0&if;jrpfrsm; tokH;jyKrIay: rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;? pkdufysdK;a&; oGif;tm;pk
rsm;jzpfonfh "mwfajrMoZmtrsdK;rsdK;ESifh pdkufysdK;a&; "mwkypönf;rsm;okH;pGJjcif;tpm;
9494949494
Local and regional export markets9595959595
Costs9696969696
Inspector9797979797
Farm management9898989898
Marketing strategies9999999999
Organic Agriculture100100100100100
A single system101101101101101
A gro-ecosystem
3939393939
obm00ef;usif
102102102102102
ESifh ukdufnDrI&Sdatmif pDrHcefYcJGjcif;tay: rSDckdtm;xm;jcif;wkdYjzpfyg onf/
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103103103103103
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"mwkaA'ypönf;rokH;aom pkdufysdK;onfholrsm;tzGJUu"mwkaA'ypönf;rokH;aom pkdufysdK;onfholrsm;tzGJUu"mwkaA'ypönf;rokH;aom pkdufysdK;onfholrsm;tzGJUu"mwkaA'ypönf;rokH;aom pkdufysdK;onfholrsm;tzGJUu"mwkaA'ypönf;rokH;aom pkdufysdK;onfholrsm;tzGJUu
obm00ef;usiftajctaeudk nDnTwfrQwatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;obm00ef;usiftajctaeudk nDnTwfrQwatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;obm00ef;usiftajctaeudk nDnTwfrQwatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;obm00ef;usiftajctaeudk nDnTwfrQwatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;obm00ef;usiftajctaeudk nDnTwfrQwatmifaqmif&Gufjcif;
t"dut"dut"dut"dut"duvkdtyfcsufrsm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;vkdtyfcsufrsm;
104104104104104?
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pkaqmifjcif;
105105105105105
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tokH;rjyKbJ obm0twdkif; xkwfvkyfjcif; pepfaqmif&Guf&mwGif ykHrSef tm;jzifh 2 ESpfrS
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102102102102102
Eco system103103103103103
Synthetic chemicals104104104104104
Main requirements105105105105105
Harvesting of wild products
4040404040
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114114114114114
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a&;ESifhywfoufí ,if;EkdifiHrsm;onf pnf;rsOf;rsm; &SdMuygonf/ tu,fí xkwfvkyfol
rsm;onf ,if;EkdifiHrsm;odkY xGufukefrsm; wifydkYrnf qkdygu ,if;EdkifiHrsm;rS owfrSwfxm;
aom pnf;rsOf;rsm;ESifh ukdufnDatmifaqmif&Guf&ygrnf/ axmufcHcsufay;aom vkyfief;
tzGJUa&G;cs,frIonf tvGefta&;ygaom tcsufjzpfygonf/ rdrdxGufukefudk a&mif;cs
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106106106106106
Plant materials107107107107107
Recycling of organic materials108108108108108
Prohibition of genetically modified inputs109109109109109
Slaughter procedures110 110 110 110 110 Diversity of crops on farm111111111111111
Traceability112112112112112
How to get certified?113113113113113
Private certification bodies114114114114114
The Green Net/Earth Net Foundation
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106106106106106
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115115115115115
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obm0pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfrIenf;vrf;jzifh pdkufysdK;&onfhtwGuf xkwfvkyfrIp&dwf BuD;jrifhjcif;?
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117117117117117
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118118118118118
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aumif;rGefpGm yl;aygif;aqmif&GufrIwkdY jzpfygonf/ taMumif;t&if;rSm ,if;wdkYonf
wpfOD;ESifhwpfOD; rDSckdqufpyf aqmif&Guf&onfhtwGuf jzpfygonf/ pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfol
tkyfpkrsm;onf aqmif&Guf&rnfhtcsufESifh wnfaxmifrI qkdif&m vrf;nTefcsufrsm;ukd
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119119119119119
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pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;onfrsm;pGmaom v,form;rsm;twGuf pdwf0ifpm;zG,f&m
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rsm;ukd pdkufysdK;jcif;? tdEd,EkdifiHrSwifydkYa&mif;csonfh vufzufrSm "mwkaA'ypönf;rsm;
115115115115115
National certification agencies116116116116116
International agencies117117117117117
‘’ Organic in transition’’118118118118118
A system of mutual support to improve production119119119119119
International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements
4242424242
tokH;rjyKbJpdkufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;? zdvpfykdifEkdifiHrS wifydkYa&mif;csonfh "mwkaA'ypönf;rsm;
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ajymif;vJaqmif&Guf&jcif;ESifhywfoufí taMumif;t&mtcsufrsm;pGm&Sdyg onf/
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120120120120120
Opportunities and constraints
4343434343
"m"m"m"m"mwkypönf;rsm; tokH;rjyKaom pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufíwkypönf;rsm; tokH;rjyKaom pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufíwkypönf;rsm; tokH;rjyKaom pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufíwkypönf;rsm; tokH;rjyKaom pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufíwkypönf;rsm; tokH;rjyKaom pkdufysdK;xkwfvkyfjcif;vkyfief;ESifh ywfoufí
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(IFOAM): www.ifoam.org
tD;ar;vf : [email protected] w,fvDzkef; + 49 228 926 5010
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123123123123123
www.organicts.comtD;ar;vf: [email protected] w,fvDzkef; + 44 797 410 3109
tar&duefjynfaxmifpkEkdifiH
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www.fas.usda.gov/agx/organics/index.htm
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tD;arvf : [email protected] w,fvDzkef; + 41 628 657272
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126126126126126
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www.attra.org
121121121121121
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD)122122122122122
International Trade Center (ITC)123123123123123 Organic Trade Services – United Kingdom124124124124124 USDA FAS – Unites States of America125125125125125 FIBL – Switzerland126126126126126 Organic Research – United Kingdom127127127127127 National Sustainable Agriculture Information Service – United States of America
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International Organization for Standardization (ISO)129129129129129
International harmonized voluntary standards130130130130130
National accreditation bodies131131131131131
Consultant
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National support organizations and certifications bodies in Asia :
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139139139139139
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134134134134134
SOCIAL CERTIFICATION135135135135135
FAIR-TRADE136136136136136
Fair- trade premium137137137137137
Community development138138138138138
Fair-trade Labelling Organizations International (FLO)139139139139139
Oceania140140140140140
Fair-trade products
4747474747
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141141141141141
Democratic manner142142142142142
Labour rights143143143143143
Collective bargaining144144144144144
No child or forced labour145145145145145
Environmental and social laws146146146146146
Annual inspections (audits)
4848484848
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147147147147147
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149149149149149
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147147147147147
Large farms with an organized labour force148148148148148
Local auditors149149149149149
FLO-Cert Ltd150150150150150
License fee151151151151151
Cost of the inspection
4949494949
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152152152152152 FLO International, Bonn, Germany:153153153153153
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Social Accountability International (SAI)155155155155155
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5050505050
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An enterprise strategy for managing social workplace issues
5151515151
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159159159159159
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160160160160160
Social Accountability International161161161161161 For a list of SA 8000-certified organizations:162162162162162
Food Safety and Good Practice Certification163163163163163 GLOBAL GAP164164164164164 British Retail Consortium Standard165165165165165 International food Stundard
5353535353
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Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)170170170170170 Agricultural Production Process171171171171171
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5454545454
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177177177177177
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178178178178178
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179179179179179
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180180180180180
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182182182182182
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186186186186186
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187187187187187
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189189189189189
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190190190190190: www.fao.org/prods/GAP/index-en.htm
185185185185185 What are the main benefits and challenges?186186186186186 MRLS187187187187187 Other contamination risks188188188188188 Reduction in non – compliance risks189189189189189 Main challenges190190190190190
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5858585858
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5959595959
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JGAP : www.jgai.jp/
260260260260260 A council, which represents the wider stakeholder group of suppliers and retailers261261261261261 Qualified third-party private sector auditors262262262262262 New approved modified check list (AMCL)263263263263263 Critical Control Check Points264264264264264 JGAP logo
7070707070
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265265265265265 The People’s Republic of China-Green Food and China GAP certifications266266266266266 Food certification system267267267267267 Two GAP programmes268268268268268 Relevant certification and accreditation activities269269269269269 China GAP270 270 270 270 270 A memorandum of understanding was signed with GLOBALGAP in April 2006 to initiate the formal benchmarking procedure
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271271271271271 ‘Major musts ’272272272272272 Certification and Accreditation Adminstration (CNCA)
7272727272
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www.greenfood.org.cn
axmufcHcsufESifhppfaq;rIpDrHcefYcGJa&; (CNCA)www.cnca.gov.cn
273273273273273 More information on Green Food and China GAP274274274274274
Green Food Development Center of the Ministry of Agriculture:
7373737373
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275275275275275
tD;ar;vf : headq@ apeda.com w,fvDzkef; + 91 11 2651 3204
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ywfoufonfh axmufcHcsuf276276276276276
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278278278278278
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Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority, New Delhi276276276276276 Good Manufacturing Practice certification277277277277277 International Food Standard (IFS)certification278278278278278 Retailer-branded food products
7474747474
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279279279279279 ‘ Foundation level’280280280280280 The foundation level is considered as the minimum requirements for the international food industry281281281281281 ‘The higher level ’ is considered as a superior standard in the food industry
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330330330330330 Sub-Committee on Aquaculture (COFI/AQ)331331331331331 Aquaculture Centers in Asia-Pacific (NACA)332332332332332 Technical Secretary of FAO’s Sub Committee on Aquaculture (COFI/AQ) or visit: