family names from the northern italian dialects in hungarian · (chef bálint, bálint's son...
TRANSCRIPT
Family names from the northern Italian dialects
in Hungarian
Katalin Nagy
University of Rome – Roma Tre
1. The formation of the surname/family name in Hungarian:
“Personal names are products of social development. Theycorrectly show us the persistent change of society. Name offersus lot of information about the person and his collectivity,which sometimes can not be investigated by using othermethods. Personal names denote the origin, individual features,and profession of people, as well as language and culture oftheir community.”
(Gulyás 2014: 1728).
• In Finno-Ugric languages the adjective precedes the name.For this reason, the surname precedes the name in Hungarianonomastic structure (Kertész 1913: 289). As a matter of fact,the earliest Hungarian documents already show a tendency toput the surname in the first position. However, one cannotdefine it as an actual surname. It is rather an appositionaiming at describing the name; so, for instance, in order toprecise that the referent is the “son of anybody”. In Latintexts we can notice the same word order as well.
1335, Q 312 / SZERDAHELY 1 1DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Kincstári levéltárból
(E) • MKA, Acta Paulinorum (Q 312)
1358, Q 334 / F 7DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Erdélyi országos
kormányhatósági levéltárakból (F) • GYKOL, Centuriae (Q 334)
Endre fia Miklós
• In Finno-Ugric languages and in Hungarian as well the surname whichindicates an artisan’s denomination or the trade’s denomination is situatedafter the name:
• János kovács.
• In such a case the person's name is the adjective of the trade name whichdetermines the artisan we are talking about (Kertész 1913: 292). On theother hand, in case one wanted to specify between two people who have thesame name, and, let us suppose that the former was a priest and the latter ablacksmith, then the name of the trade goes before the name:
• Pap János,
• Kovács János (Kertész 1913: 292).
When children began to be identified though the hereditary surname, thisbecame a denotative label, losing its etymological motivation andtransparency.
“Szakach Bálintot haza bocsátottam hozzád, hogy legyen mégis, édesszívem, ki kedved szerínt főzzön (Thurzó Lev. 1: 79 – 1600)” (Kertész 1913:292).
(Chef Bálint, Bálint's son already had the surname ‘chef’ to conserve hisfather's trade).
“Next important change was about in the middle or in the endof the fifteenth Century, when these last names or surnamesstarted to convert to real family names, and after that childrenused the same name as their fathers. However, the accuratetime of its formation is indeterminable (Bárczi, 1956, 149;Mező, 1970, 35 and Hajdú, 2003, 324). Of course, these newtype of names usually did not show us the real features ofbearers, and so we have to be very careful in case of doinghistorical investigation by them” (Gulyás 2014: 1729).
2. Typology of family names from 1300
a) Filius word + fathers name in Genitive structure
“Anthonius filius Petow” (1362)
“Georgius Bothfya” (1300)
“Bartholomeus Stanislai” (1500)
“Stephanus Mathe” (1500) (Gulyás 2014: 1729).
The construction in genitive goes into disuse.
b) The surname formed by the name of a place is also used in Hungary in this period from 1500:
“The most typical is the name contains de preposition:Michael de Zerencz, Michael de Zalaczka. Another frequentvariation, if the Hungarian -i (or in medieval Hungarianwriting practice: -y or -j) formative connects to the end of theplace name, but the Latin preposition remains: Emericus deSaaray. Later, the Latin de preposition also disappeared:Andreas Lelezy.” (Gulyás 2014: 1729)
c) Surnames created from artisan’s denomination 1300-1500:
“Valentinus carpentarius”
“Matheus dictus Molnar”
“Simon Zabo” (Gulyás 2014: 1730).
3. Four family names from the northern Italian dialects in Hungarian:
• The relationship between Italian and Hungarian dates back to thespread of Christianity to thirteenth century. Moreover, the two nationshad different trade relations and exchanges of populations. For thisreason, some Italians lived in Hungary and Hungarian soldiersstationed in the northern Italian territories. Hungarian had morecontacts with northern Italian dialects rather than with Italian.
• At present, there are about 1000 linguistic loans of Italian origin inHungarian, favoured by Italian-Hungarian contacts. The loans wererecently collected in a single volume by Fábián - Szabó (2010).
• Such a research led to a list of loans from northern Italian dialectswhich amounts to 70-80 items.
3. Four family names from the northern Italian dialects in Hungarian:
Katona ‘soldier’ around 1560, from the Italian linguisticloan cattano 'feudal lord' change (tt > t reflects a northern
origin); Lugosi (1284) from the lug, log, lugo, logo ‘place’,
various northern dialects; Parti (1227) from the Italiandialects pôrt romagnolo; port, ferrarese, bolognese, mantovano
‘port’; Tímár (1193) from the triestino tomara, romagnolotọmāra, mantovano tmera, bolognese tmara ‘a craftsman who
works leather for shoes’; Révész from the noun rév ‘port’which derives from the Venetian dialect.
4. The family name: Katona
katona: I/934 ÚMESz (GERSTNER, Károly (edited by), Új Magyar Etimológiai Szótár (NewEtymological Dictionary of the Hungarian language) (being published), URL:http://nszt.nytud.hu/etimologia.html [ultimo accesso 15.08.2018].
«katona A: 1273 k. Kathana szn. (ÁÚO. 12: 69) [csak EWUng.]; 1394 Kathona szn. (NytudÉrt. 68:102); 1436 katanam [lat végződéssel] (OklSz.); 1598 Kattona szn. (OklSz.); 1872 katuna (Nyr. 1:417); nyj. kotona (ÚMTsz.) J: 1. 1436 ? ’valamely vitéz fegyveres szolgája; Statthalter, Landvogt’(↑), 1533 ’ua.’ (Murm. 2291) [csak EWUng.]; 2. 1560 k. ’[?]; bewaffneter Begleiter eines Adeligenim Kriege’ (GyöngySzt. 3489.); 3. 1579 ’(nehéz fegyverzetű) lovas; (schwerbewaffneter) Reiter’(NyK. 50: 165); 4. 1741 ’a fegyveres erő kötelékébe tartozó személy; Angehörigereines Heeres’ #(NyK. 50: 168); 5. 1844/ ’a fegyveres erő rendfokozat nélküli; Soldat ohne Dienstgrad’ # (NSz. –Petőfi: ÖM. 1: 230); 6. 1881 ’erős rágókkal felfegyverzett, elkorcsosult ivarszervű nőstény hangya;Soldat bei Ameisen, Termiten usw’ (MagyLex. Hangyák); 7. 1897 ’keresztfa a zsúpfedél ormán;Querholz am First des Strohdaches als Windschutz’ (Ethn. 8: 100); 8. 1900 ’fapecek mint afonalgombolyító része; Holzstift als Bestandteil der Garnwinde’ (ÚMTsz.); 9. 1905 ’levágatlanulmaradt fű- vagy gabonaszál; ungeschnitten gebliebener Gras- od Getreidehalm’ (NyF. 17: 35); 10.1957 ’kockára vágott kenyérdarabka a rátett kis szelet szalonnával együtt; Happen, Häppchen’(SzegSz. szalonnakatona) Sz: ~ság 1456 k. Katonaʃaghoth ’katonai szolgálat; Militärdienst’(SermDom. 2: 474); 1741 ’hadsereg; Militär’ (NyK. 50: 168) | ~´s 1631 katonás (TudTár. 1838. 3:301) | ~i 1759 Katonai (NSz. – Fáber: Hade emb. 143)».
Katona < Cattano “Cattaneo
Capitani *Captano
Origin: Nickname for military service or profession.
Etymology and meaning: From the late Latin: căpitānĕus: "captain", "commander".
From the origin căput: ‘head’, căpitānĕus is contracted in captănĕus and by
assimilation p-t in cattāneus.
Căput is a common etymon to other surnames.
Variations and main derivatives: From the original form * Capitano: Capitàneo,
Capitani, Capitànio, Capitano, Capitanicci, Cattànei, Cattani, Cattànio ...
Cattàneo and typical variants prevail in the Center-North (but also in that of Naples),
while in the Center-South the Captani variants”(Francipane 2005: 63-64).
Other possible forms:
Cataneo (without accent)
Catàneo < Cattàneo, Catanèo < Catània.
(Francipane 2005: 63-64).
1441-1450, Q 252 / 255DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Családi
levéltárak (P szekcióból) • Ocskay család (Q 252)
Nicolao Kathona
1461, Q 320 / DOBOKA M 38DIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Erdélyi országos
kormányhatósági levéltárakból (F) • KKOL, Cista comitatuum (Q 320)
in
kathana
1520, Q 22 / 266 CDIPLOMATIKAI LEVÉLTÁR (Q szekció) • Családi
levéltárak (P szekcióból) • Balassa család (Q 22)
Kathana Mátyás
Conclusion
• Cattano “feudal lord who had a castell” it was in use particularly in Tuscany, inthe Emilia, in Milan, in Asti between the tenth and thirteenth centuries
• The relationship between Italian and Hungarian dates back to the spread ofChristianity to 1300. Moreover, the two nations had different trade relations andexchanges of populations, for which some Italians lived in Hungary andHungarian soldiers stationed in the northern Italian territories.
• As for the Hungarian language, the first form of the surname Katona is theKathana, Kathona from the thirteenth century.
• Kathana was a family name from 1386: Filiorum Kathana (ZalaOKl. II.209), andthen we try many same nomes in documents Hungarian: from 1418: BenedictoKathana (uo. VI. 512), from 1423: Ladislao Kathona (Lelesy Acta 43,72), from1426: Demetrio Kathona (uo. 11818) (Szamota 1867-1895).
• We can suppose that the Italian surname Cataneo could have come into use in theHungarian language directly as a Family name Kathana > Katona, from this pointof view, it could be one of the oldest surnames in the Hungarian language.
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