family equisetaceae
TRANSCRIPT
Family Equisetaceae
By : Geonyzl L. Alviola
9/12/2015
Topic outline
I. ClassificationII. FamilyIII. GenusIV. Representative species
I. Classification
By A. J. Eames (1936)
Tracheophyta
Group: Sphenopsida Equisetales
By Oswald Tippo (1942)
Sub-kingdom Embryophyta
Phylum Tracheophyta
Subphyllum Sphenopsida
Class Equisetineae
Equisetales
By G.M. Smith (1955)
Division Calamophyta
Class Equisetonae
Equisetales
By W. Wardlaw (1955)
Division : Tracheophyta
Sub-division: Sphenopsida
Class : Equisetineae
Order: Equisetales
By K. R. Spore (1962 later revised in 1975)
- using Reimer’s classification. Spore divided the division Pteridophyta into 6 classes – Psilopsida, Psilotopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Pteropsida and Progymnospermopsida.
Division: Pteridophyta Class: Sphenopsida Order: Equisetales Family: Equisetaceae
By Stewart and Rothwell (1993)
- Divided the kingdom into two divisions: Division Tracheophyta and Division Angiospermophytina.
Kingdom IV: Plantae Division: Tracheophyta (vascular plants) Class: Sphenopsida Order: Equisetales
By Taylor and Taylor (1993) –
Classified Pteridophytes into six broad headings namely:
Early vascular plants, lycopods, sphenophytes,
early fern like plants, true fern, and
progymnosperms on the basis of geological
occurrence and evolutionary aspects.
Kingdom: Plantae Division 16: Sphenophyta Order 3: Equisetales
By Taylor and Taylor (1993) –
Family Equisetaceae
- Perennial plants, homosporous, small to large, terrestrial, aquatic or in shallow water. (Libing & Turland, 2013; Bhattacharya, et al. 2011b; Steenis & Pertanian, 1963).
- It has a hollowed stem with nodes and internodes. The lower internode is often blackish brown with silica turbecles on epidermis (Libing and Turland, 2013; Bold et al., 1987).
Leaves are reduced or small, scalelike and arranged in whorl (Libing & Turland, 2013Steenis & Pertanian, 1963).
Sporangiophore :
peltate, scalelike,
forming terminal strobili,
Strobili are conelike
Spores are homosporous, globose,
(Libing and Turland, 2013; Bold et al., 1987).
Genera Equisetum
Stomata are scattered in the furrows of the stem.
Leaves are blunt.
Strobili borne on chlorophyllous stems and not pointed.
Comparison of Equisetum species (3 representatives)
Based on Strobilus Species Shape Measurement Apex
E. hyemale ovate 1.0 – 6 cm Length0.4 – 0.7 cm
diameter
With small acute tip and sessile
E. ramosissimum
Shortly clavate
or ellipsoid
1-2.5 cm Length0.4 – 0.7 cm
diameter
With small acute tip and sessile
E. arvense terete 1.8 – 4 cm length0.9 – 1 cm diameter
Blunt, stalked prolonged
Based on Aerial StemSpecies Form Measur
ementMatrue
Main StemNo. of
sheath teeth and shape
No. of Ridge
E. hyemale monomorphic 18-50 cm tall1-4 mm diameter
Unbrached or rarely branched
16-22 teethLight brownlanceolate
16- 22 ridge
E. ramosissimum
monomorphic 60 cm tall3-7 mm diameter
branched Lateral stem:6-10 teethLanceolateLight brownMain stem:10 – 20 Narrowly deltoidLight brown
10-20 ridges
E. arvense dimorphic 5-35 cm tall3-5 mm diameter
branched Fertile stem:9 – 12 teethNarrowly deltoidcastaneousSterile Stem:5-6 teethDeltoidBlackish brown
inconspicuous
Diagram
Strobili of E. arvense.(Herbal
Strobili of E. ramosissimum (Martin, 2011)
Strobili of E. hyemale
Stem of E. arvense (Sorvy and Johnson, 1859)
Stem of E. ramosissimum (photo by Enzo de Santis)
References:
Bhattacharya, K., Hait, G. and Ghosh, A. K. (2011). A Textbook of Botany. Vol 1.p. 600-603.
Steenis, C. G. G. J., & Pertanian, I. D. (1963). Flora malesiana. Erven P. Noordhoff.
Bold, H. C., Alexopoulos, C. J., & Delevoryas, T. (1987). Morphology of plants and fungi. Harper and Row.
Britton, N. L., & Brown, A. (1913). An Illustrated Flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British possessions: from Newfoundland to the parallel of the southern boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean westward to the 102d meridian (Vol. 1). C. Scribner's sons.
Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. 2004 onwards. The Equisetum species (horsetails) of the British Isles. Version: 7th March 2015. http://delta-intkey.com/