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ARC 314/514 | END 275

DISCOVERING LANDSCAPEFALL 2014UNIVERSITY AT BUFFALO

INSTRUCTOR: SEAN BURKHOLDER

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF LANDSCAPE AND URBAN DESIGNSCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE AND PLANNING

DISCOVERING LANDSCAPEARC 314/514 | END 275

COURSEOVERVIEW

COURSEINFO

COURSEOBJECTIVES

COURSEFORMAT

Our world is one enormous landscape. Some of this landscape is highly considered and other parts are quite resultant of other anthropological operations. In both cases however the world around us is in every way a product of our actions, be they intentional or not. It is commonplace to perceive the grand parks and gardens of Le Nôtre in Paris to be Landscapes with a capital “L”. The same could be said for the vast picturesque estate gardens of Capability Brown in England or even of Olmsted here in the United States. These landscapes serve as the canon of physical examples of historic Landscape Architecture and there is little question as to their importance and influence on the discipline. While this course will loosely cover this important collection of historical projects, it will prioritize the elevation of other types of landscapes as equally important to the understanding of our place within the designed world. The practice of contemporary landscape architecture extends far beyond the grounds of the park or garden. Landscape design now considers complex urban centers, post-industrial wastelands, entire watersheds, or a single parking space all within its purview.

The reason for this more all-encompassing terrain of landscape is highly tied to the interdisciplinary nature of the field and the many professions it engages. Engineering, Art, Sociology and Ecology have all had their place in creating contemporary landscape design. A good deal of this shift has occurred in the last 50 years and this course will focus primarily on landscapes conceived during this period as a way to showcase the development of the discipline.

Landscape may still embrace naturalistic and phenomenological experience but its full efficacy is extended to that of a synthetic and strategic art form, one that aligns diverse and competing forces (social constituencies, political desires, ecological precesses, program demands, etc) into newly liberating and interactive alliances. -James Corner Recovering Landscape

Meeting Time: 6-840pm Wednesdays Location: Hochstetter 104 | UB North CampusOffice Hours: 3-5pm Wednesdays | Hayes Annex B Room 01F | UB South Campus or by appointment.Instructor: Sean Burkholder | [email protected] Teaching Assistant: Mark Hitchcock | [email protected]

- The creation and fostering of new ways of seeing and understanding the landscapes around us.- The development of skills necessary to communicate these new ways of seeing to others.- Establishment of a core knowledge of the key elements and practitioners of Landscape Architecture.- To serve as an introduction to Environmental Design as a holistic practice that spans disciplines.

The course format will consist primarily of Lectures given by the instructor and visiting guests. These lectures will outline the general development of contemporary landscape architecture practice and its influences in addition to the current work being done by academics and practitioners. These lectures will be augmented by videos and in-class discussions. In addition to lectures there will be a series of small design exercises, weekly reading assignments with responses and quizzes on the lecture material. It is expected that you designate at least 3 additional hours of outside class time to this course in order to complete the readings and exercises.


ATTENDANCE

COURSE EVALUATION

Students are required to attend all class meetings and attendance will be taken at each class and assessed as part of your grade. Any medical absence must be documented with the faculty prior to the start of the scheduled class meeting. Any absence related to other course commitments/activities must be approved by the course instructor and given no less than one-week notice.

Late Work: No late work will be accepted unless an extension is granted by the instructor or the student has an excused absence. In the event of an excused absence all late work is due within 24 hours of the students return to school/class activities.

Grades are based on each student’s process, performance, participation, craft, and initiative as demonstrated to the instructor during regular class meetings, assignments, and exercises.

Students will be evaluated on the following FIVE criteria: ATTENDANCE AND PARTICIPATION 25 POINTS POSTED DESIGN EXERCISES (5 @ 5PTS) 25 POINTS RESPONSES (5 @ 5PTS) 25 POINTS ONLINE QUIZZES (3 @ 8PTS) 25 POINTS FINAL ANALYSIS PROJECT 25 POINTS

Course assignments will be evaluated separate from one another and final course grades will be calculated using the highest 4 grades of the above 5 criteria.

Grades will be assigned based on the following system: Excellent to Superior Effort/Work A ( /-) Satisfactory to Quality Effort/Work B (+/-) Passing to Acceptable Effort/Work C (+/-) Poor to Unacceptable Effort/Work D (+/-) Failing E *Incomplete I* Students will only be given an Incomplete (I) if, for reasons beyond their control, they are unable to regularly participate in class or complete projects as scheduled. All circumstances/reasons must be documented and receive approval from course instructor, section head, and academic advisor prior to the last scheduled class meeting. If a student is given an incomplete they must complete all work, reviews, and/or presentations within the terms determined by the course instructor.

Numerical, Letter and Grade Point Systems93 -100 A (4.0)90 - 92 A- (3.7)87 - 89 B+ (3.3)83 - 86 B (3.0)80 - 82 B- (2.7)77 - 79 C+ (2.3)73 - 76 C (2.0)70 - 72 C- (1.7)

67 - 69 D+ (1.3)63 - 66 D (1.0)60 - 62 D- (0.7)59 and below E (0.0)


COURSE READINGS

COURSE ASSIGNMENTS

ASSISTANCE WITHASSIGNMENTS

There are two required texts for the course. The majority of the readings for the class will come from these two books. Additional readings from other sources will be posted on the course Blackboard page prior to their assignment. The two required texts are:

Swaffield, Simon. Theory in Landscape Architecture: A Reader. University of Pennsylvania. 2002

Rogers, Elizabeth B. Landscape Design: A Cultural and Architectural History. Harry N. Abrams. 2001

The assignments or criteria for the course will include the following items:- Class Attendance and Participation (25pts)

Class attendance will be taken each day. One letter grade (2.5pts) reduction will accompany every unexcused absence. There will be a range of participatory opportunities throughout the course including question sessions for visiting speakers and discussions in class regarding the course material and assignments. In most cases, students will be randomly chosen in class for these opportunities.

- Design Exercises (25pts) These simple, introductory design and analysis exercises will exhibit your knowledge of the course subject matter from lectures and readings. They will be submitted onto the course Blackboard page unless otherwise specified. More detailed information will be provided prior to each exercise. Instructions for each exercise are to be followed completely. Failure to follow instructions will lead to the dismissal of your project and will result in a zero grade.- Course Content Responses (25pts)

When visiting lecturers join the class, students will be expected to respond to the lecture content as it relates to the material that has been previously discussed in class. This includes other lecturers, lectures given by the instructor and course readings. This format thus requires more informed responses to lectures as the semester advances due to the larger body of information students have been exposed to. In addition to visiting speakers, on several occasions responses will be required for the weeks’ assigned readings. Further detail of what responses are to include will be provided at the time of assignment. Responses will consist of a 400-word 12pt Arial page, and will be submitted on the course Blackboard page.

- In-Class Quizzes (25pts) At three points throughout the semester, in-class quizzes will be administered. The subject matter for these quizzes will be cumulative and could include any material delivered in class up to that point.- Final Analysis Project (25pts)

The final project for the course will be a an analysis of a particular designed landscape. These landscapes will be assigned to you in groups, meaning that many of you will have the same project. This grouping should encourage each of you to push your analysis beyond normative “book report” typologies toward more novel inquiry and representation.

Every effort will be made to present very clear and concise instructions for the completion of the exercises and other assignments. However, receiving help at some point may be necessary. For this you have three options, Your peer group, the course TA and the instructor themselves. Requests for assistance should follow that order. For simple questions that your peer group may know the answer to, they should be contacted first, followed by the TA and then the course instructor.


COURSE SCHEDULE (subject to change)

8-27_Week 1_Intro to Class and Seeing “Landscapes” 1Readings: JB Jackson: How to Study Landscape (on Blackboard) Ann Whiston Spirn: The Language of Landscape (on Blackboard) Geoffrey and Susan Jellicoe: The Landscape of Man (on Blackboard)Extra: Christophe Girot: Four Trace Concepts (on Blackboard)Design Exercise 1: Landscape Selection

9-3_Week 2_Seeing Landscapes 2Readings: Rogers: Chapter 5 and Chapter 7Design Exercise 2: Landscape Analysis

9_10_Week 3 Historical Landscape ArchitectureReadings: Ian McHarg: An Ecological Method (Swaffield pg. 38-43) Ian McHarg: Design With Nature (Swaffield pg. 173) Ann Whiston Spirn: The Granite Garden (Swaffield pg. 173-175) Alan Ruff: An Ecological Approach (Swaffield pg. 175-177) Joan Nassauer: Messy ecosystems, Orderly Frames (pg 196-206)Extra: John Lyle: Designing for Human Ecosystems (Swaffield pg. 178-188) Michael Hough: Principles for Regional Design (Swaffield pg.209-213) Robert Thayer: Gray World, Green Heart (Swaffield pg. 189-196)Exercise: Response 1 (Readings)

9_17_Week 4_Ecology in Contemporary Landscape Architecture Quiz 1Readings: TBDExercise: Lecture questions

COURSE POLICIES

Students are reminded of University Policy regarding Academic Integrity, as stated in the University at Buffalo Undergraduate Catalog:

“The University has a responsibility to promote academic honesty and integrity and to develop procedures to deal effectively with instances of academic dishonesty. Students are responsible for the honest completion and representation of their work, for the appropriate citation of sources, and for respect for others’ academic endeavors. By placing their name on academic work, students certify originality of all work not otherwise identified by appropriate acknowledgments.”

This policy includes, but is not limited to, the following: Students should not cheat on exams. Students should not submit previously completed work as original work. Students should not submit work done for one class to fulfill the requirements of another course without the permission of the instructor.

Students with specific needs that require attention should inform the course faculty at the beginning of the semester. If you have a disability (physical, learning, or psychological) which may make it difficult for you to carry out the course work as outlined, and/or requires accommodations such as recruiting note takers, readers, or extended time on exams and assignments, please contact the Office of Disability Services, 25 Capen Hall, 645-2608. The office will provide you with information and review appropriate arrangements for reasonable accommodations.


9_24_Week 5_ Jamie VanucchiReadings: Michael Hough: Cities and Natural Processes Ch 2 (on Blackboard) Peter Annin: Great Lakes Water Wars Ch 1 (on Blackboard) Exercise: Response 2 (Lecture)

10_1_Week 6_Water in Contemporary Landscape ArchitectureReadings: Rogers: Chapter 8Exercise: Lecture questions

10_8_Week 7_ Ron Henderson: Landscapes of AsiaReadings: Rogers: Chapter 9 Section 4 The New MetropolisExtra: Robert Smithson: Olmsted and the Dialectical Landscape (on Blackboard)Design Exercise 3: Visit Olmsted Landscapes

10_15_Week 8_ Olmsted LectureReadings: Denis Cosgrove: Landscape as Cultrual Product (Swaffield pg. 165-166) Randy Hester Jr. Community Design (Swaffield pg. 49-56) Rogers: Chapter 9 Sections 1-3Extra: Lawrence Halprin: RSVP Cycles (Swaffield pg. 43-48) Marc Treib: Must Landscapes Mean? (Swaffield pg. 89-101)Exercise: Response 3 (Lecture)

10_22_Week 9_ Society and Landscape ArchitectureQuiz 2Readings: Alissa North: Operative Landscapes Introduction (on Blackboard)Design Exercise 4: Social and Ecological programming Exercise: Lecture questions

10_29_Week 10_ Alissa NorthReadings: Peter Walker: Minimalist Landscape (Swaffield pg. 87-88) Robert Smithson: Monuments of Passaic New Jersey (on Blackboard) Rogers: Chapter 15Extra: Mark Rosenthal: Some Attitudes of Earth Art (on Blackboard) Rogers: Chapter 13 Section 2. Abstract Art and the Functional LandscapeExercise: Response 4 (Lecture)

11_5_Week 11_ Modern Art and Contemporary Landscape ArchitectureReadings: TBDExercise: Design Exercise 5: Physical Site Design Exercise: Lecture questions

COURSE SCHEDULE CONT.


COURSE SCHEDULE CONT.

11_12_Week 12_ Sarah CowlesReadings: Ignasi Sola-Morales: Terrain Vague (on Blackboard) Rogers: Chapter 12 Alex Wall: Programming the Urban Surface (on Blackboard)Extra: Gary Strang: Infrastructure as Landscape (Swaffield pg. 220-226) Rem Koolhaas: What Ever Happened to Urbanism? (on Blackboard) Exercise: Response 5 (Lecture)

11_19_Week 13_Urbanism and Contemporary Landscape ArchitectureQuiz 3Readings: Final Project Research

11_26_Week 14_ Fall Recess, No Class

12_3_Week 15_ TBD Final Projects Due, Class Wrap-up

12_10_Week 16_Exam Week No Class


COURSE BIBLIOGRAPHY

All Spacemaker Press monographs and project descriptionsPeriodicals: Topos ,Process Architecture, Landscape Journal Land Forum, Places, Landscape Architecture Architecture, Architectural Record,Praxis A + U, Garten und Landschaft, Modulus a + t, JoLA, Landscape Review Kerb, 306090, Harvard Design MagazineAmidon, Jane, Moving Horizons: The Landscape Architecture of Kathryn Gustafson and PartnersAmidon, Jane, Radical LandscapesAmidon, Jane and Kiley, Dan, Dan Kiley: The Complete Works of America’s MasterAmidon, Jane, editor, Source Books in Landscape Architecture (Peter Walker, Michael Van Valkenburgh, and Ken Smith)Bachelard, Gaston, The Poetics of SpaceBeardsley, John, Earthworks and BeyondBenitez, Cristina Paredes, Urban Landscape: New Tendencies, New Resources, New SolutionsBerrizbeita, Anita and Pollak, Linda, Inside Outside – Between Architecture and LandscapeBirkhauser Publishing, Mosaics – West 8Boettger, Suzan, Earthworks: Art and the Landscape of the SixtiesBrown, Jane, The Modern GardenBurns, Carol J. and Kahn, Andrea, Editors, Site Matters: Design Concepts, Histories, and StrategiesCalkins, Meg, Materials for Sustainable SitesCerver, Francisco, The World of Environmental Design: Landscape ArtCrandell, Gina and Landecker, Heidi, Editors, Designed Landscape Forum IConan, Michel, Editor, Environmentalism in Landscape ArchitectureCooper, Guy, and Gordon Taylor, Paradise TransformedCooper, Paul, The New Tech GardenCorner, James, Recovering Landscape: Essays in Contemporary Landscape ArchitectureCzerniak, Julia, and Hargraves, George, Editors, Large ParksDreiseitl, Herbert, WaterscapesHalprin, Lawerence, Notebooks, 1959-1971France, Robert, Handbook of Regenerative Landscape DesignFrankel, Felice and Johnson, Jory, Modern Landscape Architecture: Redefining the GardenHucliez, Marielle, Contemporary Parks and Gardens in FranceIrwin, Robert, Being and Circumstance, Notes Toward a Conditional ArtJencks, Charles, The Garden of Cosmic SpeculationJohnson, Bart R. and Hill, Kristina, Editors, Ecology and Design: Frameworks for LearningKassler, Elizabeth, Modern Gardens and the LandscapeKeeney, Gavin, On the Nature of Things: Contemporary American Landscape ArchitectureKienast, Dieter, Kienast Vogt Open SpacesKirkwood, Niall, The Art of Landscape DetailKirkwood, Niall, Weathering and Durability in Landscape ArchitectureLippard, Lucy R., OverlayLouv, Richard, The Last Child in the Woods: Rescuing Children from Nature Deficit DisorderMargolis, Liat, and Robinson, Alexander, Living Systems: Innovative Materials and Technologies for Landscape Mau, Bruce, Massive Change


Meuser, Philipp, Ouwerkerk, Erik-Jan, Stimmann, Hans, New Garden Design in BerlinMiller, Mara, The Garden as an ArtMolinari, Lucca, Editor, West 8Moore, Charles, Mitchell, Bill, and Turnbull, Bill, The Poetics of GardensMostafavi, Mohsen, Landscape Urbanism: A Manual for the Machinic LandscapeOlin, Laurie, Transforming the Common PlaceReed, Peter, Groundswell: Constructing the Contemporary LandscapeSchroeder, Thies, Changes in Scenery: Contemporary Landscape Architecture in EuropeSmithson, Robert, The Collected WritingsSonfist, Alan, Art in the Land: a Critical Anthology of Environmental ArtSpens, Michael, Modern LandscapeSwaffield, Simon, Editor, Theory in Landscape Architecture: A ReaderThompson, George F. and Steiner, Frederick R., editors, Ecological Design and PlanningTeNeves Publishing Company, Ultimate Landscape DesignThayer, Robert, Gray World Green Heart: Technology, Nature, and the Sustainable LandscapeTiberghien, Gilles, Land ArtVan Valkenburgh, Michael, Transforming the American Garden: 12 New Landscape DesignsViediella, Alex Sanchez, Sourcebook of Contemporary Landscape DesignWaldheim, Charles, The Landscape Urbanism ReaderWaldheim, Charles, Constructed GroundWalker, Peter and Simo, Melano, Invisible GardensWeilacher, Udo, Between Landscape Architecture and Land ArtWeilacher, Udo, The Syntax of Landscape: The Landscape Architecture of Peter Latz and PartnersWrede, Stuart and Adams William Howard, Denatured Visions: Landscape and Culture in the Twentieth CenturyZevi, Bruno, Architecture as Space

COURSE BIBLIOGRAPHY

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