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Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust A study across 27 countries

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Page 1: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles,

post-truth and trust

A study across 27 countries

Page 2: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

FAKE NEWS,

POST-TRUTH AND

FILTER BUBBLES

Page 3: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3

Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other people’s

problems, not ours…

- 65% think that other people live in a bubble on the internet, mostly looking for

opinions they already agree with – BUT only 34% say they live in their own bubble

- 63% are confident they can identify fake news - BUT only 41% think average person

can

- 58% think they’re better than average at spotting fake news, only 28% think they’re

not

- 60% think other people don’t care about facts any more, they just believe what they

want

- 59% think they have a better understanding of social realities like crime rates than the

average person, only 29% think they don’t

Page 4: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

4 © Ipsos.

65%

77%

74%

72%

71%

71%

70%

70%

70%

69%

69%

68%

67%

67%

67%

66%

66%

64%

62%

62%

61%

60%

60%

59%

57%

55%

50%

44%

25%

14%

21%

23%

19%

24%

19%

19%

25%

20%

24%

25%

29%

19%

26%

30%

22%

22%

22%

24%

27%

30%

30%

29%

25%

28%

37%

35%

Total

US

India

Malaysia

Sweden

Turkey

Australia

Great Britain

Mexico

Canada

Serbia

Argentina

Chile

Hungary

South Africa

Peru

South Korea

Poland

Belgium

Spain

China

Brazil

Russia

Saudi Arabia

France

Germany

Italy

Japan

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

The average person in [COUNTRY] lives in their own ‘bubble’ on the internet, mostly connecting with people like themselves and looking for opinions they already agree with.

Page 5: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

5 © Ipsos.

34%

56%

54%

53%

49%

44%

40%

38%

37%

37%

34%

34%

32%

32%

32%

32%

31%

31%

30%

30%

30%

29%

27%

25%

25%

23%

23%

22%

56%

39%

34%

43%

39%

45%

53%

52%

58%

58%

60%

55%

57%

57%

62%

56%

61%

64%

57%

61%

57%

64%

53%

59%

62%

70%

71%

64%

Total

India

China

Malaysia

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Peru

Brazil

South Africa

Turkey

Chile

Poland

Australia

Hungary

Russia

US

Canada

Mexico

Belgium

Great Britain

Spain

Serbia

Japan

France

Italy

Argentina

Sweden

Germany

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I live in my own bubble on the internet, mostly connecting with people like myself and looking for opinions I already agree with.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Page 6: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 6

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

+31

+48

+45

+45

+40

+40

+39

+38

+38

+35

+34

+33

+33

+32

+32

+32

+30

+30

+28

+26

+25

+22

+22

+19

+18

+17

+10

+7

Total

Sweden

Argentina

US

Great Britain

Serbia

Mexico

Australia

Canada

Hungary

Turkey

Germany

Chile

Belgium

Spain

France

South Africa

Poland

Russia

Peru

Italy

South Korea

Brazil

Malaysia

India

Japan

Saudi Arabia

China

We’re much more likely to think others live in filter bubble

than admit we do… +/- Net

This chart compares what

people say for others and

what they say for

themselves on how much

they live in a bubble, from

previous two slides…

…and shows how many

more people think that

others live in an internet

bubble than admit that

for themselves

Page 7: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

7 © Ipsos.

41%

69%

60%

60%

58%

55%

54%

46%

44%

44%

44%

40%

40%

39%

39%

38%

38%

37%

37%

36%

34%

32%

29%

29%

28%

27%

26%

26%

48%

23%

34%

29%

34%

39%

27%

48%

50%

51%

49%

49%

56%

48%

47%

51%

45%

53%

48%

51%

59%

53%

53%

62%

59%

61%

52%

64%

Total

Hungary

Malaysia

Saudi Arabia

China

India

Spain

Peru

Chile

Mexico

Serbia

Russia

Turkey

Canada

Poland

Brazil

France

Argentina

South Korea

Australia

South Africa

Belgium

Germany

US

Great Britain

Italy

Japan

Sweden

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I am confident that the average person in [COUNTRY] can tell real news from ‘fake news’.

Page 8: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

8 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

63%77%76%76%76%74%73%72%72%70%70%69%68%68%67%66%65%64%64%63%60%58%54%52%47%45%39%30%

25%19%20%21%15%20%20%19%23%25%18%17%22%23%19%21%24%24%25%26%27%31%28%37%31%36%38%47%

TotalTurkey

ChilePeru

SerbiaMalaysia

South AfricaArgentina

MexicoIndia

Saudi ArabiaPoland

BrazilHungaryAustralia

Great BritainUS

CanadaSweden

ChinaBelgium

RussiaFrance

ItalyGermany

South KoreaSpainJapan

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I am confident that I can tell real news from ‘fake news’ (entirely made up stories or facts).

Page 9: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 9

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

I can identify fake news but the rest of my country can’t…+/- Net

+22

+39

+38

+38

+37

+36

+35

+32

+32

+31

+30

+30

+30

+28

+28

+25

+25

+18

+18

+16

+15

+14

+10

+8

+5

+4

-1

-15

Total

South Africa

Great Britain

Sweden

Turkey

US

Argentina

Chile

Serbia

Australia

Brazil

Peru

Poland

Belgium

Mexico

Canada

Italy

Germany

Russia

France

India

Malaysia

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

China

Japan

Hungary

Spain

This chart compares what

people say for others and

what they say for

themselves on being able

to identify fake news from

previous two slides…

…and shows how many

more people think the

average person can’t

identify fake news

compared with them

(except in Spain and

Hungary)

Page 10: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

10 © Ipsos.

58%

73%

72%

69%

69%

69%

68%

66%

65%

65%

64%

62%

60%

59%

59%

59%

58%

56%

54%

54%

53%

52%

50%

49%

49%

47%

43%

30%

28%

23%

23%

23%

19%

24%

17%

21%

26%

26%

29%

28%

22%

28%

23%

27%

31%

24%

28%

25%

26%

29%

31%

36%

41%

33%

34%

47%

Total

Turkey

Peru

Chile

Hungary

India

Serbia

Saudi Arabia

Malaysia

South Africa

Mexico

Brazil

Poland

Argentina

Australia

US

Russia

Great Britain

Canada

Sweden

Spain

Belgium

South Korea

China

Italy

France

Germany

Japan

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I think I’m better at spotting ‘fake news’ than the average person in [COUNTRY].

Page 11: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

11 © Ipsos.

60%71%70%69%68%67%66%66%65%64%64%64%64%62%62%61%60%60%58%56%55%54%53%53%50%49%49%48%

30%25%25%27%23%26%24%30%32%25%24%33%23%26%24%35%29%31%38%30%36%27%39%37%36%44%30%44%

TotalPeru

SerbiaTurkey

USArgentina

Great BritainIndiaChile

AustraliaHungary

MexicoPoland

BelgiumGermany

South AfricaCanadaSweden

MalaysiaSpainBrazil

FranceRussia

South KoreaSaudi Arabia

ChinaJapan

Italy

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

The average person in [COUNTRY] doesn’t care about facts about politics and society anymore, they just believe what they want.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Page 12: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

12 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

59%

76%

75%

74%

72%

71%

68%

68%

67%

66%

66%

65%

64%

60%

58%

57%

57%

56%

55%

52%

51%

50%

50%

48%

48%

47%

42%

28%

29%

20%

20%

22%

24%

24%

21%

25%

23%

23%

27%

25%

21%

23%

27%

28%

24%

32%

33%

35%

35%

34%

36%

30%

34%

38%

38%

51%

Total

Turkey

India

Chile

Peru

Mexico

China

Malaysia

Argentina

Serbia

South Africa

Brazil

Saudi Arabia

Poland

Great Britain

Australia

Spain

Hungary

US

Sweden

Canada

Belgium

Russia

Germany

South Korea

Italy

France

Japan

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I am confident I have a better understanding of social realities like immigration levels and crime rates than the average person in [COUNTRY].

Page 13: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

FAKE NEWS

EXPOSURE AND

MEANING

Page 14: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 14

Fake news and media lies…

- 60% say they very or fairly often see stories where news organisations have

deliberately lied – BUT there’s a very wide range from 82% in Argentina to 30%

in Germany

- 48% say they’ve believed a story they then found out was fake

- people define ‘fake news’ mostly as stories where the facts are wrong, but

36% see it as a term politicians use to discredit stories they don’t like – up to

51% in the US

Page 15: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

15 © Ipsos.

60%

82%

79%

79%

77%

73%

72%

72%

71%

69%

68%

66%

65%

61%

59%

59%

57%

54%

54%

51%

51%

49%

48%

44%

43%

39%

36%

30%

28%

16%

14%

17%

21%

19%

24%

25%

17%

24%

26%

31%

22%

26%

28%

30%

29%

26%

30%

32%

30%

36%

36%

42%

47%

52%

41%

42%

Total

Argentina

Serbia

Turkey

Mexico

Brazil

India

Peru

Hungary

Malaysia

South Africa

Chile

Poland

US

Italy

Russia

Australia

France

Great Britain

Saudi Arabia

Spain

Belgium

Canada

Sweden

China

South Korea

Japan

Germany

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Very/Fairly often Not very often/Never

How often, if at all, do you think you see stories where news organisations have deliberately said something that isn’t true?

Page 16: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

16 © Ipsos.

48%

62%

58%

58%

57%

57%

56%

55%

55%

55%

54%

54%

51%

50%

50%

49%

48%

48%

46%

46%

45%

45%

43%

35%

34%

33%

33%

29%

40%

29%

29%

29%

39%

29%

34%

37%

33%

29%

41%

43%

41%

45%

41%

39%

39%

39%

39%

42%

39%

38%

40%

51%

46%

54%

63%

62%

Total

Brazil

Saudi Arabia

South Korea

Peru

Spain

China

India

Poland

Sweden

Chile

Mexico

Argentina

Malaysia

South Africa

Russia

Canada

Serbia

Australia

US

Belgium

Germany

France

Hungary

Japan

Great Britain

Turkey

Italy

Base: 13,500 adults across 27 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

Agree Disagree

I have falsely believed a news story was real until I found out it was fake.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

27

Page 17: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 17

56%

44%

36%

5%

7%

Stories where the facts are wrong

Stories where news outlet or politicians

only pick facts that support their side of

the argument

A term politicians and the media use to

discredit news they don’t agree with.

None of these

Don’t know

When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you

personally thinking of?

Page 18: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

18 © Ipsos.

56%

71%

68%

68%

67%

65%

62%

62%

62%

62%

61%

58%

55%

55%

55%

54%

53%

52%

52%

52%

51%

51%

50%

45%

39%

37%

33%

Total

Sweden

Brazil

Italy

South Africa

Great Britain

Germany

Malaysia

Turkey

US

Belgium

Canada

Australia

Japan

Mexico

France

India

Argentina

Chile

Hungary

Poland

South Korea

Serbia

Saudi Arabia

Peru

Spain

Russia

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of?

Stories where the facts are wrong.

% Yes T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Page 19: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

19 © Ipsos.

44%

66%

62%

60%

58%

57%

56%

55%

53%

53%

53%

51%

50%

50%

50%

50%

48%

46%

42%

39%

37%

35%

31%

26%

25%

25%

18%

Total

Serbia

South Africa

Turkey

Argentina

Chile

US

India

Poland

Spain

Sweden

Hungary

Australia

Malaysia

Peru

Russia

Mexico

Canada

Great Britain

Belgium

South Korea

France

Saudi Arabia

Germany

Brazil

Japan

Italy

When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of?

Stories where the news outlets or politicians only pick facts that support their side of the argument.

% Yes

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Page 20: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

20 © Ipsos.

36%

51%

49%

48%

47%

46%

46%

46%

45%

44%

43%

43%

42%

42%

40%

38%

36%

35%

35%

32%

30%

30%

27%

25%

19%

18%

11%

Total

US

Peru

Malaysia

Sweden

Canada

Chile

Russia

South Africa

South Korea

Argentina

Turkey

Australia

Great Britain

Poland

Mexico

India

Hungary

Spain

Belgium

Saudi Arabia

Serbia

France

Germany

Japan

Brazil

Italy

When you hear the term “fake news”, what are you personally thinking of?

A term politicians and the media use to discredit news they don’t agree with.

% Yes

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Page 21: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

WHY DO WE

GET SO MUCH

WRONG?

Page 22: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 22

Why do people think we’re wrong?

- the majority of people globally put the blame for our misperceptions of

things like immigration levels or crime rates down to politicians misleading us,

closely followed by the media misleading us

- but 43% also see it as partly about our own biases, like our focus on negative

information, misleading us – and this is highest in the US at 57%

- few people think it’s because the figures or wrong or our math skills letting

us down

Page 23: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 23

52%

49%

43%

41%

18%

18%

3%

10%

Politicians mislead people

The media misleads people

People have a biased view of the world, for example, they tend to focus on negative

things or think things are getting worse, or generalise from their own experience

Social media misleads people

It’s often the figures that are wrong, not people’s views

People are bad with numbers so they struggle with trying to estimate things like this

None of these

Don't know

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re

changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or

whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the

biggest reasons for this?

Page 24: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

24 © Ipsos.

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

52%

68%

64%

62%

62%

61%

60%

59%

59%

58%

57%

56%

56%

54%

54%

54%

53%

52%

52%

50%

50%

49%

43%

40%

35%

22%

21%

Total

South Africa

US

Argentina

Peru

Serbia

Hungary

Russia

Spain

Poland

Great Britain

India

Mexico

Belgium

Chile

Malaysia

Turkey

Australia

Canada

France

Sweden

Brazil

Italy

Germany

South Korea

Japan

Saudi Arabia

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

Politicians mislead people

% Yes T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Page 25: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

25 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

49%

68%

61%

60%

59%

58%

55%

54%

54%

53%

52%

51%

50%

49%

48%

48%

47%

47%

45%

44%

44%

41%

41%

35%

34%

32%

30%

Total

Serbia

Turkey

Great Britain

Russia

US

Hungary

Argentina

Australia

South Africa

Sweden

Malaysia

Poland

Mexico

Belgium

Chile

Brazil

India

Canada

South Korea

Spain

France

Peru

Germany

Italy

Japan

Saudi Arabia

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

The media misleads people

% Yes

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

Page 26: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

26 © Ipsos.

43%

57%

56%

56%

55%

53%

52%

50%

48%

47%

47%

47%

46%

44%

43%

41%

41%

40%

40%

38%

38%

37%

34%

34%

32%

29%

24%

Total

US

South Africa

Sweden

Canada

Great Britain

Chile

Australia

Malaysia

Belgium

Mexico

Turkey

Poland

Germany

India

Argentina

Hungary

Italy

Serbia

Peru

Spain

Brazil

France

South Korea

Japan

Russia

Saudi Arabia

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

People have a biased view of the world, for example, they tend to focus on negative things or think things are getting worse, or generalise from their own experience

% Yes

Page 27: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

27 © Ipsos.

41%

59%

58%

56%

52%

52%

50%

50%

49%

48%

44%

44%

43%

40%

40%

39%

38%

37%

37%

35%

34%

33%

32%

31%

30%

25%

16%

Total

Malaysia

US

Great Britain

Canada

South Africa

Sweden

Turkey

Serbia

Australia

Argentina

India

Belgium

Germany

Mexico

Chile

Spain

Brazil

France

Hungary

Russia

South Korea

Saudi Arabia

Peru

Italy

Poland

Japan

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

Social media misleads people

% Yes T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

Page 28: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

28 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

18%

30%

29%

28%

25%

24%

23%

22%

21%

21%

20%

19%

19%

18%

17%

17%

16%

16%

14%

13%

12%

12%

12%

10%

10%

9%

8%

Total

Chile

Mexico

Argentina

India

Peru

Spain

Russia

Belgium

South Africa

Hungary

Poland

Saudi Arabia

Germany

France

Malaysia

Serbia

Turkey

Brazil

Great Britain

Australia

Canada

US

Italy

South Korea

Japan

Sweden

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

It’s often the figures that are wrong, not people’s views.

% Yes

Page 29: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

29 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

18%

32%

25%

25%

24%

23%

23%

22%

21%

20%

19%

18%

18%

18%

17%

16%

16%

14%

14%

14%

13%

12%

12%

12%

10%

9%

6%

Total

Belgium

Malaysia

Poland

Sweden

Chile

Turkey

France

India

Argentina

Great Britain

Brazil

Saudi Arabia

Spain

South Africa

Canada

US

Australia

Germany

Mexico

South Korea

Hungary

Italy

Serbia

Russia

Peru

Japan

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

People often get lots of things wrong about their countries and how they’re changing, for example, what proportion of the population are immigrants, or whether crime is going up or down. Which of these, if any, do you think are the biggest reasons for this?

People are bad with numbers so they struggle with trying to estimate things like this.

% Yes

Page 30: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

TRUST, LIES

AND KNOWLEDGE

Page 31: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 31

We think trust in politicians is falling and misuse of facts is rising – but also that

our political knowledge is holding up…

- Majority in every country and 64% globally think people trust politicians less than 30

years ago, including 80% in Sweden

- …and 57% think there is more misuse of facts in the media/politics than 30 years ago,

with South Africa and the US most likely to agree

- BUT we’re more evenly split on whether average person in our countries knows more or

less about politics and society than 30 years ago: 30% think we know less, but 39% say

more. And there is wide variation across countries: 66% of South Koreans say they know

more, only 21% in France

Page 32: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

32 © Ipsos.

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

10%

4%

9%

7%

3%

9%

6%

7%

12%

9%

5%

9%

8%

5%

4%

5%

9%

3%

12%

22%

11%

11%

5%

24%

29%

26%

64%

80%

77%

74%

74%

73%

73%

72%

71%

71%

71%

69%

69%

69%

68%

65%

62%

61%

57%

55%

55%

50%

50%

45%

43%

42%

Total

Sweden

South Africa

Chile

Hungary

Mexico

Peru

Serbia

Brazil

Russia

Argentina

US

Italy

Australia

Great Britain

Germany

Belgium

Spain

Canada

India

Poland

France

Japan

South Korea

Turkey

Malaysia

Base: 12,500 adults across 25 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

More Less

Do you think the average person in [COUNTRY] trusts politicians to tell the truth more, less or about the same amount as they did 30 years ago?

Page 33: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

33 © Ipsos.

57%

71%

69%

68%

67%

66%

64%

63%

63%

61%

61%

58%

58%

58%

57%

57%

56%

56%

53%

52%

51%

49%

47%

46%

45%

40%

11%

11%

4%

5%

16%

13%

12%

10%

7%

12%

18%

14%

15%

10%

6%

22%

8%

13%

7%

14%

8%

13%

9%

13%

17%

10%

Total

South Africa

US

Sweden

Peru

Mexico

Brazil

Hungary

Serbia

Chile

Turkey

Argentina

Malaysia

Spain

Australia

India

Great Britain

Russia

Canada

Italy

France

Poland

Belgium

Germany

South Korea

Japan

Base: 12,500 adults across 25 countries (500 GB)

KEY:

More Less

Do you think there is more, less or about the same amount of lying and misuse of facts in politics and media in [COUNTRY] than there was 30 years ago?

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Page 34: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

34 © Ipsos.

39%

66%

61%

56%

53%

53%

48%

48%

48%

46%

45%

42%

42%

39%

37%

34%

34%

32%

32%

29%

29%

29%

27%

27%

23%

22%

21%

30%

10%

19%

24%

25%

17%

30%

24%

32%

31%

22%

34%

26%

31%

25%

33%

37%

36%

37%

37%

33%

38%

39%

47%

27%

42%

36%

Total

South Korea

Malaysia

India

Mexico

Saudi Arabia

Chile

Russia

Turkey

South Africa

Poland

Brazil

Serbia

Argentina

Spain

Italy

Peru

Hungary

US

Australia

Canada

Great Britain

Belgium

Sweden

Japan

Germany

France

KEY:

More Less

Base: 13,000 adults across 26 countries (500 GB)

Do you think the average person in [COUNTRY] knows more, less or about the same amount about politics and society as they did 30 years ago?

T

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

26

Page 35: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

35 ©Ipsos.

MethodologyGLOBAL ADVISOR: FAKE NEWS, FILTER BUBBLES, POST-TRUTH AND TRUST

• These are the findings of a Global Advisor survey into the political mood around the world. In total 19,243 interviews were conducted online between June 22 – July 6 2018 among adults aged 18-64 in the US and Canada, and adults aged 16-64 in all other countries.

• The survey was conducted in 27 countries around the world via the Ipsos Online Panel system. The countries reporting herein are Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Chile, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Africa, South Korea, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Turkey and the United States of America.

• Between 500 and 1000+ individuals participated on a country by country basis via the Ipsos Online Panel. The sample was 1000+ inAustralia, Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United Stated of America. In all other countries the sample was 500+. The precision of Ipsos online polls is calculated using a credibility interval with a poll of 1,000 accurate to +/- 3.5 percentage points and of 500 accurate to +/- 5.0 percentage points. For more information on Ipsos’ use of credibility intervals, please visit the Ipsos website.

• In countries where internet penetration is approximately 60% or higher the data output generally reflects the overall population. Of the 27 countries surveyed online, 16 yield results that are balanced to reflect the general population: Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Japan, Poland, Serbia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Great Britain and the United States. The 11 remaining countries surveyed – Brazil, China, Chile, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa and Turkey - have lower levels of internet connectivity and reflect online populations that tend to be more urban and have higher education/income than the general population.

• Where results do not sum to 100, this may be due to computer rounding, multiple responses or the exclusion of don't knows or not stated responses.

• Data are weighted to match the profile of the population.

Page 36: Fake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trustFake news, filter bubbles, post-truth and trust | September 2018 3 Fake news, post-truth and filter bubbles are other peoples problems,

36 ©Ipsos.

ABOUT IPSOS

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strong presence in 87 countries, Ipsos employs more

than 16,000 people and has the ability to conduct

research programs in more than 100 countries.

Founded in France in 1975, Ipsos is controlled and

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We believe that our work is important. Security, simplicity, speed and substance applies to everything we do.

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