Faculty of Science

Canadian Geospace Monitoring Program: Canadian Geospace Monitoring Program: CANOPUS Array Operations In Support CANOPUS Array Operations In Support

of THEMISof THEMIS

Dr. Ian R. MannDr. Ian R. MannCanada Research Chair in Space PhysicsCanada Research Chair in Space Physics

Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada.Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Canada.

THEMIS Ground-based Meeting, UC BerkeleyTHEMIS Ground-based Meeting, UC Berkeley2nd June, 20032nd June, 2003

Faculty of Science

Present CANOPUS ProgramPresent CANOPUS Program

• Canada has one of the worlds prime location for ground-based Canada has one of the worlds prime location for ground-based auroral and solar-terrestrial science.auroral and solar-terrestrial science.

• The CANOPUS magnetometer array currently operates 13 Narod The CANOPUS magnetometer array currently operates 13 Narod Geophysics Ltd design fluxgate magnetometers at 5s resolution. Geophysics Ltd design fluxgate magnetometers at 5s resolution.

• Real-time 5s data stream is collected via Anik satellite through Real-time 5s data stream is collected via Anik satellite through Ottawa node, and real-time plots available on the WWW at Ottawa node, and real-time plots available on the WWW at http://www.dan.sp-agency.ca/www/canopus_home.html http://www.dan.sp-agency.ca/www/canopus_home.html

• CANOPUS magnetometer array will continue to operate under the CANOPUS magnetometer array will continue to operate under the umbrella of the Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) program umbrella of the Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM) program between at least 2003-8.between at least 2003-8.

Faculty of Science

Current Participants in Canadian Current Participants in Canadian Geospace Monitoring (CGSM)Geospace Monitoring (CGSM)

Canopus magnetometersand riometers

Norstar ASC and Photometers

Canadian SuperDARN Radars

Canadian Partners:• FDAM/CDAM• NRCan CANMOS Magnetometers• Solar F10.7

Faculty of Science

Current CGSM OperationsCurrent CGSM Operations

Faculty of Science

Current CANOPUS and Current CANOPUS and CANMOS Array ConfigurationsCANMOS Array Configurations

CANOPUS and CANMOS arrays of fluxgate magnetometers.CANOPUS and CANMOS arrays of fluxgate magnetometers.

Faculty of Science

CANMOS Operations and CANMOS Operations and DevelopmentsDevelopments

• Since 2000 all CANMOS instruments have sampled at 1Hz.Since 2000 all CANMOS instruments have sampled at 1Hz.• GPS timing being deployed for entire array – to be complete by GPS timing being deployed for entire array – to be complete by

October 2004.October 2004.• Presently real-time 1Hz data from Ottawa and Iqualuit. Plans for Presently real-time 1Hz data from Ottawa and Iqualuit. Plans for

Yellowknife and Victoria data in real-time later in 2003.Yellowknife and Victoria data in real-time later in 2003.• The Glenlea observatory will be moved to Brandon by September The Glenlea observatory will be moved to Brandon by September

2003. Real-time internet data may also become available from this 2003. Real-time internet data may also become available from this site.site.

• David Boteler at NRCan (David Boteler at NRCan (DBoteler@NRCan.gc.caDBoteler@NRCan.gc.ca) is the ) is the CANMOS PI.CANMOS PI.

Faculty of Science

Fantastic Operational Expansion Fantastic Operational Expansion within CGSMwithin CGSM

• Three-fold increase in high Three-fold increase in high resolution magnetometers.resolution magnetometers.

• Massive expansion in state-Massive expansion in state-of-the-art overlapping ASC.of-the-art overlapping ASC.

• Co-ordinated VSAT data Co-ordinated VSAT data collection in real-time.collection in real-time.

• CDAM/FDAM drives CDAM/FDAM drives scientific, model scientific, model development and space development and space weather prediction advances.weather prediction advances.

Faculty of Science

Expanded CANOPUS Array Expanded CANOPUS Array Infrastructure Within CGSMInfrastructure Within CGSM

• Expansions to existing CANOPUS array Expansions to existing CANOPUS array targetted at outstanding solar-terrestrial targetted at outstanding solar-terrestrial physics problems.physics problems.

• Deployment of 15 additional Narod fluxgate Deployment of 15 additional Narod fluxgate magnetometers at 1Hz; 8 new induction coil magnetometers at 1Hz; 8 new induction coil magnetometers at 20Hz.magnetometers at 20Hz.

• Infrastructure development to utilize state-of-Infrastructure development to utilize state-of-the-art Very Small Aperture Terminal the-art Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite data collection in real-time (VSAT) satellite data collection in real-time following end of Telesat operations in 2005.following end of Telesat operations in 2005.

Faculty of Science

University of Alberta: CANOPUS University of Alberta: CANOPUS Magnetometry PI-InstituteMagnetometry PI-Institute

• Entire U.K. SAMNET Entire U.K. SAMNET magnetometry group magnetometry group relocated to Alberta.relocated to Alberta.

• Successful $1.3M CRC-CFI Successful $1.3M CRC-CFI proposal by Mann for proposal by Mann for CANOPUS magnetometer CANOPUS magnetometer array expansion.array expansion.

• Mann becomes CANOPUS Mann becomes CANOPUS PI in October 2003.PI in October 2003.

• New infrastructure will New infrastructure will contribute valuable ground contribute valuable ground data towards fundamental data towards fundamental THEMIS science targets.THEMIS science targets.

Faculty of Science

Expanded CANOPUS Array Expanded CANOPUS Array ConfigurationConfiguration

• Upgrade of all CANOPUS fluxgates to 1Hz sampling.Upgrade of all CANOPUS fluxgates to 1Hz sampling.• Deployment of mid-latitude extension to Churchill line covering Deployment of mid-latitude extension to Churchill line covering

outer radiation belt and spanning the plasmapause.outer radiation belt and spanning the plasmapause.• Constitute second mid-latitude Alberta line meridian enabling LT-Constitute second mid-latitude Alberta line meridian enabling LT-

UT resolution and azimuthal variation diagnosis.UT resolution and azimuthal variation diagnosis.• Mid-latitude grid of magnetometers enables substorm Pi2 and Mid-latitude grid of magnetometers enables substorm Pi2 and

magnetic bay location algorithms to be deployed.magnetic bay location algorithms to be deployed.• Deployment of magnetometers under the FOV of Prince Deployment of magnetometers under the FOV of Prince

George/Kodiak SuperDARN radars.George/Kodiak SuperDARN radars.• Auroral to mid-latitude 20Hz induction coil magnetometer coverage Auroral to mid-latitude 20Hz induction coil magnetometer coverage

(8 instruments) of high freq. magnetospheric waves. (8 instruments) of high freq. magnetospheric waves.

Faculty of Science

VSAT Real-time Data CollectionVSAT Real-time Data Collection

• Real-time VSAT data collection from fluxgates (all upgraded to Real-time VSAT data collection from fluxgates (all upgraded to 1Hz) and induction coil (20Hz) magnetometers.1Hz) and induction coil (20Hz) magnetometers.

• Real-time data collection of CGSM riometer array data, digital Real-time data collection of CGSM riometer array data, digital ionosonde data, and summary 1 min 64x64 8-bit resolution All-ionosonde data, and summary 1 min 64x64 8-bit resolution All-Sky-Camera images. Sky-Camera images.

• Provides excellent opportunities and for the development of Provides excellent opportunities and for the development of real-time value added data products.real-time value added data products.

• Data collection via central VSAT hub and PC at the University Data collection via central VSAT hub and PC at the University of Alberta, and data fed directly into the CGSM Space Science of Alberta, and data fed directly into the CGSM Space Science Data Portal (SSDP) computer via dedicated fibre link.Data Portal (SSDP) computer via dedicated fibre link.

Faculty of Science

Time Lines and FundingTime Lines and Funding

• $1.2M CAD awarded for new CANOPUS instrumentation and $1.2M CAD awarded for new CANOPUS instrumentation and deployment awarded through Canada Foundation for Innovation deployment awarded through Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI). Field deployment between April 2004 and October 2006.(CFI). Field deployment between April 2004 and October 2006.

• VSAT real-time architecture test-bed and instrument interfacing VSAT real-time architecture test-bed and instrument interfacing contract expected from CSA; work to be completed October 2004.contract expected from CSA; work to be completed October 2004.

• CGSM funding due to begin October 2003.CGSM funding due to begin October 2003.

• Subject to successful testing, CGSM upgrade to VSAT technology and Subject to successful testing, CGSM upgrade to VSAT technology and 1Hz for existing CANOPUS array April 2004-October 2005. VSAT 1Hz for existing CANOPUS array April 2004-October 2005. VSAT upgrade of 6 new CANOPUS array sites complete by October 2007.upgrade of 6 new CANOPUS array sites complete by October 2007.

Faculty of Science

VSAT Data RatesVSAT Data Rates

• Satellite channels can carry 128 kbits/s below 62Satellite channels can carry 128 kbits/s below 62oo geographic.geographic.

• Above 62Above 62o o data rates are more uncertain. Conservative data rates are more uncertain. Conservative estimate is 32 kbps, although 64 kbits/sec may be possible at estimate is 32 kbps, although 64 kbits/sec may be possible at high latitudes depending upon location.high latitudes depending upon location.

• VSAT provides the opportunity for limited 2-way VSAT provides the opportunity for limited 2-way communication; this limits available downlink bandwidth.communication; this limits available downlink bandwidth.

• Conservative available downlink rates are 80 kbps and Conservative available downlink rates are 80 kbps and 32kpbs for data transfer at high/low latitudes respectively.32kpbs for data transfer at high/low latitudes respectively.

• Plan to collect fluxgate and induction mag., MSP, riometer, Plan to collect fluxgate and induction mag., MSP, riometer, ionosonde, and summary ASC data via VSAT in real-time. ionosonde, and summary ASC data via VSAT in real-time.

Faculty of Science

VSAT HardwareVSAT Hardware

• VSAT Central Hub can carry upto 4 carinas; one carina per VSAT Central Hub can carry upto 4 carinas; one carina per satellite channel. Realistically anticipate 2 carinas for CGSM.satellite channel. Realistically anticipate 2 carinas for CGSM.

• Each VSAT Ku band (100 kHz) satellite channel can carry Each VSAT Ku band (100 kHz) satellite channel can carry 13 (perhaps 14) remote stations at required data rates.13 (perhaps 14) remote stations at required data rates.

• Remote VSAT libra terminals provide GPS timing as well as Remote VSAT libra terminals provide GPS timing as well as remote IP node.remote IP node.

• 1.8m and 2.4m VSAT dishes, and 1W and 2W transmitters 1.8m and 2.4m VSAT dishes, and 1W and 2W transmitters are required at “high” and “low” latitudes respectively. are required at “high” and “low” latitudes respectively.

• Extensive and proven field heritage for VSAT from Extensive and proven field heritage for VSAT from operations for RT data collection within Polaris MT project. operations for RT data collection within Polaris MT project.

CGSM-THEMIS VSAT Coordination?CGSM-THEMIS VSAT Coordination?

• Spare data rate from CGSM-THEMIS Spare data rate from CGSM-THEMIS VSAT sites could potentially be VSAT sites could potentially be devoted to THEMIS ASC data devoted to THEMIS ASC data retrival. retrival.

• THEMIS science data rate THEMIS science data rate requirement can be met at all requirement can be met at all THEMIS-CGSM sites except Rankin THEMIS-CGSM sites except Rankin Inlet.Inlet.

• If we achieve higher VSAT data rates If we achieve higher VSAT data rates at high latitudes in practice this site at high latitudes in practice this site may be possible too.may be possible too.

• Propose LAN network connectivity Propose LAN network connectivity between VSAT and THEMIS between VSAT and THEMIS logger/control PCs.logger/control PCs.

• Unix/linux operating system for Unix/linux operating system for

THEMIS ASC logger PCs?THEMIS ASC logger PCs?

Carina STATION Bandwidth ASI I-coil F-gate CADI MSP surplus(MB/hr) 250 1700 90 100 350 (MB/hr)

1 Sachs Harbour 0.8 1 1 1 0.361 Inuvik 0.8 1 1 1 0.361 Fort Chipewyen 2.7 1 1 1 0.661 Back 2.7 1 2.611 Oxford House 2.7 1 2.611 Little Gr. Rapids 2.7 1 2.611 Fort Churchill 2.7 1 1 1 0.661 Dawson 0.8 1 1 0.461 Gillam 2.7 1 1 1 1 0.311 Rankin Inlet 0.8 1 1 1 1 0.011 Fort Smith 2.7 1 1 1 2.011 Pinawa 2.7 1 1 1 0.562 Island Lake 2.7 1 1 0.912 Fort McMurray 2.7 1 1 0.912 Contwoyto 0.8 1 1 1 0.362 Taloyoak 0.8 1 1 0.612 Eskimo Point 0.8 1 0.712 Fort Simpson 2.7 1 2.612 Rabbit Lake 2.7 1 2.61

2 Redwood Falls 2.7 1 1 0.912 Edmonton 2.7 1 1 0.912 Four Town (No3) 2.7 1 2.612 Dear Creek (No4) 2.7 1 2.613 Calgary 2.7 1 2.613 Olney 2.7 1 2.613 Baldwinton 2.7 1 2.613 Weyburn 2.7 1 2.613 Lisbon 2.7 1 2.613 Cambridge Bay 0.8 1 0.73 Clyde River 0.8 1 0.7

Faculty of Science

Science Target: Radiation BeltsScience Target: Radiation Belts

Understand acceleration and loss of relativistic (MeV) energy Understand acceleration and loss of relativistic (MeV) energy electrons in radiation belts:electrons in radiation belts:

• Global scale monitoring of accelerating ULF waves (magnetometers; Global scale monitoring of accelerating ULF waves (magnetometers; Mann Co-PI on US NSF proposal to develop ULF Index).Mann Co-PI on US NSF proposal to develop ULF Index).

• Global scale monitoring of loss inducing high frequency EMIC (induction Global scale monitoring of loss inducing high frequency EMIC (induction coil magnetometers).coil magnetometers).

• Modelling of wave-particle interaction between ULF and seed electrons Modelling of wave-particle interaction between ULF and seed electrons (FDAM/CDAM).(FDAM/CDAM).

• Radiation belt observations via ILWS mission partners: THEMIS, LWS Radiation belt observations via ILWS mission partners: THEMIS, LWS radiation belt mappers, GOES, LANL, Polar, Cluster, HEO, SAMPEX…radiation belt mappers, GOES, LANL, Polar, Cluster, HEO, SAMPEX…

• Output: Improved radiation belt specification models with application to Output: Improved radiation belt specification models with application to satellite design, space insurance, and space weather industries.satellite design, space insurance, and space weather industries.

ULF waves and STRV measured MeV electron flux (> 750 keV) during March 1995.ULF waves and STRV measured MeV electron flux (> 750 keV) during March 1995.

• MeV electron-ULF MeV electron-ULF wave relationship.wave relationship.

• Solar cycle 1990-Solar cycle 1990-2001 of data.2001 of data.

• Strong correlation Strong correlation between ULF and between ULF and MeV electron flux.MeV electron flux.

• Inwards Inwards propagation of propagation of Vsw and ULF Vsw and ULF power correlated power correlated MeV electron MeV electron enhancements.enhancements.

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Faculty of Science

Science Target: Fundamental Science Target: Fundamental Cold Plasma Transport ProcessesCold Plasma Transport Processes

Understand fundamental processes of cold plasma mass injection, Understand fundamental processes of cold plasma mass injection, transport and loss:transport and loss:

• Cross-time series techniques allow reconstruction of global plasma Cross-time series techniques allow reconstruction of global plasma density maps (magnetometer coverage from polar cap-plasmasphere).density maps (magnetometer coverage from polar cap-plasmasphere).

• Multiple local and global meridians offer LT-UT resolution.Multiple local and global meridians offer LT-UT resolution.

• Understand dynamical processes of injection, transport and loss of Understand dynamical processes of injection, transport and loss of cold plasma; formation, erosion and structure of plasmasphere.cold plasma; formation, erosion and structure of plasmasphere.

• Strong synergy with NASA IMAGE mission and Canadian e-Pop.Strong synergy with NASA IMAGE mission and Canadian e-Pop.

• Output: Improved understanding of global mass injection and Output: Improved understanding of global mass injection and transport, improved inner magnetosphere GGCM models, improved transport, improved inner magnetosphere GGCM models, improved satellite drag/orbit decay models, improved GPS accuracy.satellite drag/orbit decay models, improved GPS accuracy.

Faculty of Science

Global Plasma Density MapsGlobal Plasma Density Maps

Cross-phase technique provides global scale monitoring of cold Cross-phase technique provides global scale monitoring of cold plasma density profiles along a single meridian. plasma density profiles along a single meridian.

(Courtesy of Colin Waters)(Courtesy of Colin Waters)

Faculty of Science

Azimuthal Structure in Outer Azimuthal Structure in Outer Plasmaspheric DynamicsPlasmaspheric Dynamics

(From Dent et al., GRL, Submitted, 2003)(From Dent et al., GRL, Submitted, 2003)

Global international magnetometer array coverage provides global Global international magnetometer array coverage provides global density mapping and enables spatio-temporal ambiguity resolution. density mapping and enables spatio-temporal ambiguity resolution.

Faculty of Science

Science Target: Magnetotail Science Target: Magnetotail InstabilitiesInstabilities

Understanding fundamental processes of magnetotail Understanding fundamental processes of magnetotail instability and explosive energy transport.instability and explosive energy transport.

• Does the substorm initiatiate in near-Earth plasmasheet, or Does the substorm initiatiate in near-Earth plasmasheet, or with mid-tail reconnection?with mid-tail reconnection?

• Continent scale real-time wavelet based substorm onset Pi2 Continent scale real-time wavelet based substorm onset Pi2 timing (e.g., Nose et al., 1999) and magnetic bay substorm timing (e.g., Nose et al., 1999) and magnetic bay substorm current wedge FAC location from ground magnetometers.current wedge FAC location from ground magnetometers.

• Solve long-standing problem of understanding explosive Solve long-standing problem of understanding explosive inwards energy transport from magnetotail. inwards energy transport from magnetotail.

• Results of fundamental plasmaphysical and astrophysical Results of fundamental plasmaphysical and astrophysical relevance. relevance.

Faculty of Science

Science Target: Magnetotail Science Target: Magnetotail InstabilitiesInstabilities

H and D bays locate FAC H and D bays locate FAC elements.elements.

Pi2 waves time substorm Pi2 waves time substorm onset (e.g., Nose et al., onset (e.g., Nose et al.,

1999).1999).Optics denotes arc Optics denotes arc morphology.morphology.