facts and tips about disabilities

8/9/2019 Facts and Tips About Disabilities

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By:

Imelda C. Raymundo

Special Education Consultant

Tayabas East District

Facts and Tips About Handling

Children with Special Needs


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Mental Retardation


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What is Mental Retardation?

a person has certain limitations in mental

functioning and in skills in communicating, takingcare of herself and social skills.

American Association for Mental Retardation


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Causes ofMental Retardation


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y Genetic Conditions Abnormal genes

y Problems During Pregnancy - Baby does not develop inside

the mother properly

y Problems at Birth e.g. Not enough oxygen

y Health Problems E.g. diseases like whooping cough,

measles, meningitis, extreme malnutrition, exposure to poisons

like lead or mercury etc

Mental Retardation is NOT a Disease!

Mental Retardation is NOT a Disease!


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Signs ofMental Retardation


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What are the Signs ofMental

Retardation?

Children with mental retardation may:

y Sit up, crawl, or walk later than other children

y Learn to talk later or have trouble speaking

y Find it hard to remember things

y Not understand how to pay for things

y Have trouble understanding social rules

y

Have trouble seeing the consequences of their actionsy Have trouble solving problems and/or

y Have trouble thinking logically


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Needs ofMentally Disable Child


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Adaptive Skills

y Communicating with others

y Taking care of personal needs

y Health and safety

y Home living

y Social Skills

y Reading, writing and basic math; and

y As they get older, skills that will help them in the

workplace

Teachers and parents can help children with mental retardationadapt to live, work and play in the communityTeachers and parents can help children with mental retardationadapt to live, work and play in the community


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Tips for Parents


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y Learn about mental retardation

y

Encourage independence in your child

y Give your child chores

y

Find out what skills your child is learning at school

y Find opportunities in your community for social activities e.g. Scouts,recreation centre activities, sports etc

y Talk to parents whose children have mental retardation

y Meet with the school and develop an educational plan to address yourchilds needs


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Tips for Teachers


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y Learn as much as you can about mental retardation

y Recognize that you can make an enormous difference in thisstudents lie

y If you are not part of the students Individual Education Program(IEP), ask for a copy of his or her IEP

y Be as concrete as possible

y Break longer, new tasks into smaller steps

y Give the students immediate feed back

y Teach the students life skills such as daily living, social skills, andoccupational awareness and exploration as appropriate

y Work together with the students parents and other school

personnel to create and implement and educational plan tailored tomeet the students needs


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AUTISM


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What is Autism?

Autism Society Of America (ASA)

Students with Autism have significantly impaired social and

communication development. They show minimal interest in

most, and in some cases all learning and social situations.

Students with Autism have significantly impaired social and

communication development. They show minimal interest in

most, and in some cases all learning and social situations.


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Best Practices


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y should be with their same ages peers as much as possible

y should have a safe and predictable environment

y The environment should have minimal transitions and stimulus

y Consistent routines and procedures should be in place

y Provide many verbal and visual cues and supports to help with

routines


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y Keep distractions and sensory stimulus activities to a minimal

y Focus on very specific strategies 1 or 2 at a time

y Use behaviour modification techniques

y Communication needs to be the main priority

y Teach specific skills explicitly

y Provide incentives and reinforcement


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Emotional and Behaviour Disorder


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Best Practises for Behaviour Disorders

Academic Implications

y Disruptivey Impulsive

y Inattentive

y Pre-occupied

y Disregards all classroom rules

y Poor concentration

y Extreme resistance

Students with Emotional or Behaviour Disorders have many

characteristics that hinder academic growth

Students with Emotional or Behaviour Disorders have many

characteristics that hinder academic growth


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y Speaks out repeatedly

y Aggressive

y Bullies and intimidates others

y Regular truancy

y Dishonest

y Low self esteem

y Unable to work in groups

y Engages in self injurious behaviour

y Has no regards for personal space or belongings

y Persistently tries to manipulate situations


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Best Practices and Accommodations


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y Develop consistent behaviour expectations

y Involve the student in setting academic and personal goals

y Engage in role playing situations

y Communicate with parents so that strategies are

consistent at home and school


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y Set limits and boundaries

y Apply established consequences immediately and consistently

y Acknowledge and reinforce behaviour

yAvoid confrontation and power struggles

y Provide a highly structured classroom environment

y Clearly post rules and expectations

y Establish a quiet cool off area


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y Provide and teach opportunities for the student to use self

control/self monitoring techniques to control behaviour

y Teach self talk to relieve stress and anxiety

y Teach and provide time for relaxation techniques

y Establish cues as reminders for inappropriate behaviour

y

Redirect to avoid situations that may increase anxiety levels


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y Remain calm and aware of your body language when addressing thestudent

y Provide a positive and encouraging classroom environment

y Use a study carrel

y Use visually stimulating material for assignments/learning presentations

y Use specialized technology and software

yDevelop and use behaviour contracts

y Give frequent feedback


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Hearing Impairment and Visual

Impairment


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CAUSES


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genetic factors,

illnesses,

accidents,

problems in a pregnancy(rubella for instance),

complications during the birth or a

variety of early childhood illnesses (such as mumps or

measles)

genetic factors,

illnesses,

accidents,

problems in a pregnancy(rubella for instance),

complications during the birth or a

variety of early childhood illnesses (such as mumps or

measles)


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Tips for Programming Success


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y Make sure the child can see your lips and facial expressions

Never turn your back to the student

y

Speak naturally and not too loudly if the child wears a hearing aidy Try not to move around too much when you are speaking

y Do not overuse hand gestures

y Always ensure that directions, assignments, instructions are

understood before the child begins working

y Ask the child to repeat instructions and directions back to you,

rather than ask if he/she understands


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y Use visual aids when appropriate

y IfAppropriate, teach some sign language to the class

y Maintain close contact with the professionals that may beinvolved

y Always speak from a well lit area to enable the child to see

your face

y Use as many audio/video components as possible in your

program

y Reduce extraneous noise whenever possible

y Always ask yourself how you can make the lesson or activitymore visual


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Needs


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y To be made welcome

y To be challenged to take risks and grow

y To become aware of personal strengths

y To have opportunities for experiential and

incidental learning

y To be included in discussions and asked questions


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y To have opportunities to develop goals, dreamsand aspirations

y To feel safe and comfortable throughout the school

y

To have optimum lighting situations

y To work with people who understand theeducational implications of vision loss

y To have appropriate learning resources andtechnology made available


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Tips for Helping with Schoolwork


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y Show an interest in your childs homework

yHelp your child organize homework materials

before beginningy Establish a regular time with your child to do

homework -developing a schedule helps avoid

procrastinationy Find a specific place for your child to do homework

that has lots of light, quiet and plenty of work space

y Encou

r

age your

child to ask questions and searchfor answers


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y Make sure your child backs up answers with facts

and evidence

y Practice school taught skills at homey Relate homework to your childs every day life

y Be a role model take the opportunity to read a

book or newspaper or write a letter while your childstudies

y Praise you child for both small steps and big leaps in

the right direction


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ProfessionalsWho Can Help


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y Audiologist

y Educational Consultant

y Educational Therapist

y Learning Disabilities Specialist

y Neurologist

y Occupational Therapist

y Pediatrician

y Psychiatrist

y Psychologist (Clinical)

y School/Educational Psychologist

y Speech and Language therapist


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