factors that effect the growth of microorganisms

8/7/2019 Factors That Effect the Growth of Microorganisms

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FactorsTemperature

Lightintensity

Humidity

Nutrients

pH value


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Inactive/notreproduce

Lowtemperaturesuch as atoc

Killer

Hightemperature>50c

Optimum forgrowth

Between35c 45c

Destroyedspore

About 120c


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Microorganisms need humid condition togrowing

Water is required for hydrolysis reaction & forcell expansion

Relative humidity 25% - 40 % is the most

suitable condition for microbial activity When the relative humidity drops to 3% the

growth of microbial inhibited Most will die in dry condition


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All microorganisms need nutrients forreproduction & growing (except viruses)

Example : carbon provides energy for the growth

while nitrogen supplies amino acids for proteinsynthesis

Parasites (bacteria) absorb nutrients from theirhosts

S

aprophytes feeding on decaying organicmatter Autotrophs (algae)- manufacture own food

using energy from the sun(photosynthesis) orinorganic compound.


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Microorganism prefer darkenvironment

High intensity of ultraviolet rays cankill microorganisms

BUT, algae and photosyntheticbacteria need light forphotosynthesis


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Most bacteria prefer slightly alkaline(pH7.4)

Yeast and protozoa acidic (pH


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9/19

Sesungguhnya dalam penciptaan langit dan bumidan silih bergantinya malam dan siang terdapat

tanda-tanda bagi ulul albab. Iaitu orang2 yangmengingati Allah sambil berdiri ataupun dudukataupun berbaring dan yang banyak berfikirtentang penciptaan langit dan bumi lalu berkata wahai Tuhan kami kamu tidak menciptakan inidengan sia-sia. Maha suci Engkau makapeliharalah kami dari seksa neraka.


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Ahli sains Norway menemui sejenis kulat(fungi) yg mampu mghasilkan ubat cyclosporinyg digunakan sbg rawatan slps pembedahan

pemindahan organ (anti-rejection drug)

Di sebuah ladang jagung-seorg pelajar druniversiti Wisconsin menemui sejenis protein

dari bakteria (bacteria) yg mampumengeluarkan ais (bacteria ice- forming) . Pd hariini digunakan bg mengeluarkan ais di pusat-pusat ski


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Bacteria dr tanah- menghasilkan produk ivermectin.Ubat yg mampu membunuh cacing yg menyerangmanusia dan haiwan dgn cara menghalang

penyebaran maklumat dlm sistem saraf cacing.

Gen-gen dlm bakteria mampu mengeluarkan bahananti-kanser kajian prof Jon Thorson

3,222 antibiotik pada hari ini diperoleh dr kuman(penicillin, strepmycin,eryhthromycin dll)

Sumber: QuranSaintifik,Dr. Danial Zainal Abidin


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1. DECAYINGPROCESS

MAKESOILMORE FERTILE theelements which released duringdecay process ( carbon, sulphur,nitrogen)

The decomposers play important

role in the decay process by recyclingthe elements to prevent theaccumulation of wastes of livingorganisms on earths surface.


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2.Agriculture

Nitrogen fixing bacteria converting theatmospheric nitrogen into nitrates absorbed by plants to produce plants protein

Nitrifying bacteria convert ammoniumcompounds into nitrites nitrates

Use as biological control to kill pests

Example : Australia- the population of wildrabbits are controlled by using theMyxomatosis virus


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3. FOODDIGESTION

In animalThe stomach ofherbivores (cows, sheep) contain bacteria

produce many useful enzymes.Example : cellulase breakdown cellulose into simplesugar , so the herbivores can absorb the nutrients. In insect (ants) have microorganisms in intestine that

produce enzymes to help digestion.Example : termites-microorganism in their digestivesystem to break down cellulose in wood, turning intonutrients that can be absorb.


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Human have microorganism in stomachwhich help to digest food

The useful bacteria make vitamins such asvitamin K and vitamin B

Example : yoghurt


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4. INDUSTRY

PETROCHEMICAL Saprophytic bacteria purify petroleumand metal

FOOD INDUSTRY- the fermentation of yeast producescarbon dioxide which makes the dough to rise (making bread)cheese and yoghourt- made by mixing bacteria with milkSoya sauce fermentation of yeast+lactobacillus+soyabean+wheat+waterTea & tobacco bacteria react with tea and tobacco leaves

LEATHER PRODUCTS The hard skin of an animal isseparated from its tissues by decomposing bacteriaLeather for clothing is softened using a protease frombacteria

ALCOHOLIC DRINKS Fermentation of sugar by yeast.-Ferment sugar in rice or barley to produce beer-Winemaking yeast is ferments the sugar in grapes


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5.MEDICINE

Dead bacteria & viruses used toproduce vaccine for diseases (chickenpox, measles)

Insulin- produced by geneticallyengineered bacteria is used to treatdiabetes mellitus

Antibiotics produced bymicroorganisms as a byproduct whichthey excrete and they are used mainlyin the treatment of bacterial diseases.Example : Penicillin is obtained fromfungi while streptomycin andtetracycline are obtained from bacteria


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Name a medicine produced by a usefulmicroorganism. Describe how the medicine is

used to prevent or cure a disease.

Name one type of food or drink that isprepared using yeast. Why is yeast used to

prepare the type of food or drink?

How do useful bacteria in human digestivesystem benefit humans?

factors that effect the growth of microorganisms

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