factors that affect nursing perception as a career … that...1 ميحرلا نمحرلا ﷲ مسب...

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هللا الرحمن الرحيمبسم

An-Najah National University

Faculty of Nursing

Factors that Affect Nursing Perception as a Career Choice

Among Scientific High School Students in Hebron City

Submitted by 4th years students:

AHMAD ALASWEDA

MOHAMMAD MOUSA MANASRA

RAAFAT SHAHER

ABD-ESALAM ALSOUFI

Supervised by:

Miss. MARIAM ALTELL

Miss. SHUROUQ QADOSE

1st semester 2008 _ 2009

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OUTLINES:

Acknowledgement……………………………………………… 4

Abbreviations…………………………………………………... 5

Introduction……………………………………………………… 6

CH 1: literature review…………………………………………… 9

Socio-demographic factors………………………………… 11

Students’ perception of nursing as a career…………….. 13

Security and economic factors…………………………… 14

Desire and respect factors………………………………… 14

CH 2: Methodology:…………………………………………………. 16

Purpose…………………………………………………….. 17

Problem statement…………………………………………. 17

Hypothesis………………………………………………….. 18

Population………………………………………………….. 18

Sample……………………………………………………… 19

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Data collection……………………………………………… 19

CH 3: Data analysis and results……………………………………… 21

Results collecting and analysis……………………………… 26

CH 4: discussion and conclusions…………………………………….. 30

Discussion…………………………………………………….. 31

Conclusions…………………………………………………… 36

Recommendations………………………………………………………. 38

Budget …………………………………………………………………… 39

References ……………………………………………………………….. 40

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Acknowledgement

To our fathers and mothers who were the kind embrace for their sons, who

supported their sons financially and emotionally to the last day of their study. To the

university to which we belong “An-NAJAH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY”

represented by Dr.RAMI HEMDALLAH who always support us and our faculty. To

the Dean of our faculty which we appreciate for its support Dr. ADNAN SARHAN

the person who was the kindhearted father for all of his students. To the person who

taught us the principles of research Dr. AIDA ALQAISI. To the person who taught us

this material Miss MARIAM AL TELL from whose experience we were benefited.

To the kind smile, to the affectionate lady who supervised our work and was the best

supervisor, to Miss SHOROUQ QADOSE who supported us by her kindness and

experience to finish this work perfectly. To the ministry which accepted us in its

schools as guests, to the department of education in Hebron city represented by its

director Mr. Mahmud Manasra all of our colleagues from whom we were benefited in

our working the project, the students who were friends and brothers. To all of these

people we present this work.

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Abbreviations

Here are the abbreviations in the project which may not be understood by the

reader:

QN: Question number

No: Number

SD: Standard deviation

DF: Degree of freedom

RL: Reference level

T: T.test

Bet: Between

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Factors that affect nursing perception as a career choice among

scientific high school students in Hebron city

Introduction

Career which is considered to be the future for every school student especially in the high

school stage. The student in this stage starts to think about his\her future career? What is the best

career to earn much money? How will he/she be rich person?

The ideal career differs in its meaning from one person to another, some persons see that the

ideal career is the one by which he will earn much money and good income and be wealthy person,

whereas others see that the ideal career is the one which has a great deal of humanity and by which

he can give a service for people. So every one sees the ideal career from his point of view.

The nurse is the single most important frontline health worker. Without nurses the clinics,

community health centers and hospitals cannot function. It is therefore critical that nurse education

and the supply of nurses form an integral part of transformation of health services in Palestine.

Attracting new recruits to the profession is an integral part of increasing production.

Nursing is a career and it is considered to be a human one because every one entering this

career feels that he gives a medical and nursing service for people and doesn’t ask for richness from

it, although it is hard and exhausting one. The only thing the person will obtain from nursing is high

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self esteem, because when the nurse saves a life in intensive care unit for example, he will feel that

he has made a very great job and so he will feel that he has high self-esteem.

In Palestine especially in Hebron, this perception is not found in a great deal, so we find a

shortage in nursing profession and nurses which affects the public health in this community. This

shortage may be noticed because of many factors like gender, norms attitudes and habits, age, the

job of the mother and many other factors that will be discussed later.

The most important factor that affects nursing perception in Hebron is the values and habits

which prevent females from working in nursing aspects and so lead to gender factor. That is

because the Hebron’s citizens are religious and consider the night shift work for their girls is shame

which leads to risen male nurses in Palestinian universities .

In medical aspects the medical team and the well educated persons know that nurses are

complementary agents for physicians, but this perception is not clear for ordinary citizens who

believe that nurses are cleaners or something like that, the thing that prevents them from entering

nursing profession, and this is another important factor leads to nurses shortage in Palestine.

There is another perception for nursing that is the nurse is beautiful girl with short skirt and

sexy body and behavior, and does sex with everyone who wants. This perception spreads in the

western countries especially in USA and Europe. It is true that this perception is not found in

Palestine but ordinary citizens see the western movies and may be affected by this perception the

thing which adds another factor for not applying nursing by high school students and their parents

especially in Hebron city.

For all of these factors, the nursing perception among high school students in Hebron is

misleading by their parents, families, and community. And most of this city’s students don’t

consider nursing as ideal career inspite of their desire to give a human service to any person of the

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population and their desire to study in nursing profession. So most of Hebron’s high school students

are forced to study another specialization such as engineering, arts and science .

Despite the absence of previous researches and studies about this subject especially in Palestine,

This paper was prepared to add some insight to nursing profession and its importance to

individuals, families, and community. it will also add an insight about the factors that lead to high

percentage of male nursing students in Palestinian universities and why females have low

percentage in the classes of nursing profession. This paper will also discuss how we can encourage

nursing profession study in Hebron and how to prevent norms and habits from restricting our high

school students to choose their ideal career.

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Chapter one:

Literature review

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Many studies worldwide report that interest in nursing as a career is low. Only 5.2% of a

sample of high school respondents in Saudi Arabia intended to pursue nursing after school (Al-

Omar, 2004). A study in Tanzania showed that, of all the medically related professions (including

Veterinary medicine), nursing was the least popular with only 9% of students expressing an

interest (Kikwilu et al, 2000), whilst amongst Asian students in Australia less than 10% were

interested in nursing as a profession (Rossiter et al, 1998). In Kuwait, however, 19% of female

high school students interviewed were considering nursing as a career (Al-Kandari & Lew, 2005)

and in Hong Kong, this figure rose to 28% (Law & Arthur, 2003).

The reasons for the perceived lack of interest in nursing as a career are multi-factorial, and

may differ from context to context. In South Africa, the low status of the profession, heavy

workloads, and poor access to personal development programmes have been proposed as some

of the reasons learners are not attracted to nursing as a career (Department of Health, 2006).

Other negative perceptions about nursing are that the workload is physically demanding, and that

the shortage of nurses increases the stress of the work (Buerhaus et al, 2005). Of concern is that

some of the perceptions about nursing do not reflect reality (Kohler & Edwards, 1990); these

need to be corrected in order to attract more high school leavers to the profession. Positive

perceptions include that nursing offers good job security, and that the shortage of nurses will lead

to pay rises and wider choice of jobs (Buerhaus et al, 2005).

Nursing is a profession that combines physical science, social science, nursing theory, and

technology, in the care of others (www.nursingsociety.org). Many years ago nursing was seen to

have numerous career advantages. These included that there is a large demand for nurses

nationwide, many job opportunities, various nursing career choices, good benefits, many choices

both in terms of specialty areas and opportunities for advancement (www.nursejobs.com).

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A comprehensive literature review revealed that the perception of nursing as a career choice

is influenced by many factors worldwide and several articles have been written about nursing as a

career, but there were no studies related to the Palestinian situation.

The following literature that related to why high school students choose or refuse nursing as a

career suggests that what motivates an individual to choose a career is influenced by a multitude of

factors. These factors classified into 4 categories that are: socio- demographic factors, students’

perceptions of nursing as a career, security and economic factors and desire and respect

factors.

1.1 Socio-demographic factors

The decision to choose nursing as a career was found to be significantly influenced by

demographic characteristics in several studies where there were significant differences found in

demographic groups for positive attitudes and interest in nursing as a career (Barkley and

Kohler, 1992)( Boughn, 1994) (Lerner, 1991) (May et al., 1991) (Tang et al., 1998) (Williams et

al., 1991).

1.1.1 Gender

Gender is a very powerful factor in the choice of nursing as a career. Nursing has remained

a highly female dominated profession, and men constituted a very small percentage of the nursing

work force. Some authors suggest that more females than males have been employed in the nursing

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discipline because females have a more positive attitude toward nursing (May et al., 1991)(Tang et

al., 1998)(Williams et al., 1991).

1.1.2 Parents’ education level and occupation

In a cross-sectional study conducted among Dade County senior high school students

(Grossman and Northrop, 1993), it was found that the occupation of students’ mothers had a more

significant impact on their choice of a career than the occupation of their fathers.

The variable of parents’ education was identified in the study of (May et al,1991). When using a

scale for measuring altitudes toward nursing as a career. Ratings for nursing were summed so that a

higher score indicated a more positive attitude toward nursing and a lower score indicated a more

negative attitude. The results showed that adults with high school education or less had significantly

more positive attitudes toward nursing than those with a bachelor degree.

In the study of(Lerner,1991), who conducted a statewide survey of 2315 RNs taking the state

licensure examination, the constructed questionnaire elicited data pertaining to the RNs’

demographics, educational and employment characteristics as well as their subjective perceptions of

work and the profession. With a 97% response rate, it was noted that 60% of the RN’s mothers and

50% of their fathers had more than a high school diploma. From the study it could be assumed that

as the education level of the parent increases, the students’ interest in a nursing career increases.

So the decision about nursing studying is affected by social influences like parents, school career

masters and friends (law, 2002).

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1.1.3 Community perception

The perception of nursing profession among the ordinary citizens and the community has

great affect on the perception of high school students to a attend nursing and to choose it as future

career. The perception of nursing profession among Palestinian community is misleading .It is

thought that it is just performing clean up tasks (Jeanette Ive Erickson, 1999). The students have

less positive perception about public opinions of nursing profession (Kari E.Sand Jechlic, 2001).

1. 2 Students’ Perceptions of nursing as a career

Perceptions of nursing as a career are thought to be related to choices made by high school

students when entering into the nursing profession (Steven and Walker, 1993), and the decision to

choose or refuse nursing was significantly influenced by the congruence between students’

perception of an ideal career and nursing as a career (Reiskin and Haussler, 1994).

1.2.1 Who influenced students’ career choice?

Advice from family, friends, school career masters and nurses, interaction with nurses in

practice, interaction with sick people and interaction with students already enrolled in a nursing

education program were found to be common major influencing agents for a student’s image of the

nursing profession and career choice of nursing (Grossman and Northrop, 1993) ( Kersten et al.,

1991) ( Rawlins et al., 1991) ( Williams et al., 1991) ( Smadu, 1996).

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1.3 Security and economic factors

Nursing profession is a human one so no one attend this profession and starts to think about

salary or economic benefits because the nursing career doesn’t afford happiness at work or

economic benefits (Jeanette Ive Erickson, 1999). So nurses will not be rich or poor people, they

have ordinary salaries like or less than other professionals. In spite of this it may be the ideal career

for many persons because of its humanity. Security in the job is one of the most important

characteristics of the ideal career, every person should be secured during his job and after leaving

this job ( Mary et al, 2005) and only nurses were perceived as having job security that matched the

ideal career ( Mary et al , 2005) .

1.4 Desire and respect factors

Desire to apply a career is a good way to succeed it. The opinions of nursing career in several

variables are influenced significantly by the students’ desired occupation (DG, Northrop, 1993).

This desire may increase or decrease after starting studying or attending nursing profession. The

majority of students believe that their perception changed after their first clinical experiences (Kari

E. Sand Jecklin, 2001).

The respect from the community for nurses also has an affect on an attending nursing profession.

The factors for not applying nursing profession are poor stuffing and lack of respect from doctors

and patients (Jeanette Ive Erickson, 1999).

A study by Jane Hensley et al in 2006 in the university of Southampton showed that majority of

young people career choice don’t regard to salary and base their decision on interest and desire to

help people .These study findings indicate that although young people expressed admiration for the

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work of nurses. This was rarely matched by an envy of nurses, or a desire to become a nurse

themselves.

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Chapter two:

Methodology

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2.1 Purpose

The principal aim of the research was to investigate the factors and perceptions of high school

students around nursing as a career choice, the research also aims to identify the characteristics of

the ideal career among high school students in Hebron city. The following objectives guided the

study:

To assess the high school students perception about nursing profession .

To identify the factors on which the high school students are depending in their career

choice.

To promote the positive points of view about nursing as a career.

To falsify negative points of view about nursing as a career.

2.2 Problem statement

Through the researchers’ experience and after inspection of literature review the researchers

found that most of the scientific stream high school students have negative perception about the

ideal career they may attend in the future, and they have misleading perception about nursing

profession as future career. The researchers think that many factors lead to this problem which will

be explained later.

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2.3 Hypothesis

There are no differences about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high

school students in Hebron city due to gender.


school students in Hebron city due to residence.


school students in Hebron city due to family income.


school students in Hebron city due to a parent work in health care sector.

There are differences about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high

school students in Hebron city due to family member admission to a hospital.

2.4 Population

The population for this study was all Hebron’s secondary schools which include second

secondary class \ scientific stream. The schools were 3 for males and 5 for females. All the schools

were phoned by the researchers and the supervisor to know the number of scientific high school

students they include. The male students in 3 male schools were 322 students in scientific stream

and the female students were 333 students in the scientific stream in 5 female schools. The

population was 655 male and female scientific stream high school students. The percentage of male

schools in the city was 37.5% and the female percentage was 62.5 % in the same area so the range

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of male to female schools was 1:2. There were 20 classes in all the schools, 10 for males and the

rest for females.

2.5 Sample

A representative sample was chosen from the male and female schools. First, 3 schools were

chosen randomly from 8 ones, one male school and 2 female schools. The male school chosen was

Al-Hussein Ben Ali secondary school, and the female schools were Al-Okhwa and Wedad Naser

Addinn secondary schools. But Al-Okhwa school was difficult to reach because the police closed

all the ways reaches to that school, so the researchers reselect the schools and choose Khadija

Aabdin secondary school instead. After that the student’s sample was chosen randomly. A

representative sample consists of 60 scientific stream high school students, 30 males and 30

females. The male students were selected from one class of 6 because the headmaster of the school

refused to let the researchers meet 5 students from each class. The female students were selected

from 2 classes in Khadija Aabdin and from 3 classes in Wedad Naser Addin school.

2.6 Data collection

The data were collected by questionnaire distributed for the sample. The questionnaire includes

30 questions, the first 10 questions talk about the ideal career and the other 20 questions talk about

the perception nursing career choice for high school students in Hebron city. The questionnaire

includes 3 pages, the first page includes welcoming paragraph and some general information, the

other 2 pages include the questions about ideal career and nursing as career choice. The answers

consist of 5 scales which are: strongly agree, agree, uncertain, not agree, and strongly not agree.

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All the sample students were met in their classes and have the questionnaire to fill by the

researchers. They also were insured to fill all questionnaire features. They also ensured not to write

any special information that may lead to the participant. They were given all the time they want to

answer the questions. After completing this, the questionnaires were collected and the schools were

thanked.

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Chapter three:

Data analysis and results

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This chapter includes a show for procedure, population, sample, reliability and validity of the

study. It includes also the statistical analysis for the results as the following:

The procedure: The researchers used the procedure of field description which is

considered to be appropriate for this study ( descriptive inquiry )

Population: All Hebron’s scientific stream high school students.

Sample: The sample consists of 60 high school students chosen randomly from the

population, 30 males and 30 females.

These tables show the distribution of the study sample according to its variables.

Table No (1): The sample distribution according to gender

Gender Number Percentage

Male 30 50%

Female 30 50%

Total 60 100%

Table No (2): Distribution according to the work of a parent in health care sitting

Work Number Percentage

Yes 5 8.3%

No 55 91.7%

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Total 60 100%

Table No (3): Distribution according to residence place

Residence Number Percentage

City 55 91.7%

Town 4 6.7%

Camp 1 1.7%

Total 60 100%

Table No (4): Distribution according to family income

Family income Number Percentage

Less than 1000 NIS 4 6.7%

1000-2000 NIS 21 35%

More than 2000 NIS 35 58.3%

Total 60 100%

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Table No (5): Distribution according to a family member admission to a hospital

Admission Number Percentage

Yes 50 80%

No 10 20%

Total 60 100%

Table No (6): Distribution according to age

Age Number Percentage

Less than 18 60 100%

More than 18 0 0%

Total 60 100%

** Since the age variable has one probability which is “less than 18 years “, the researchers

excluded this variable and didn’t test it.

Table No (7): Distribution according intention to apply a university

Intention Number Percentage

Yes 60 100%

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No 0 0%

Total 60 100%

** Since the variable of intention to apply a university has one probability which is “yes “, the

researchers excluded this variable and didn’t test it.

Methodology: The researchers developed the method of their research after review related

literatures.

Reliability: The researchers made sure that the study is reliable by presenting it to many

experts who represented that it is reliable and valid.

Study procedure: The study procedures were done according to the following steps:

Final preparation of the study parts.

Determination of the study sample.

Distribution of the study questionnaire.

Collecting the questionnaire from the sample, computerizing the results and analyzing

them using SPSS program.

Documenting the sample results.

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Results collecting, and analysis,

1. Statistical processing

For processing of data the researchers used SPSS program using the following statistical ways:

Frequencies and percentages.

Means and standard deviations.

T. test for 2 independent groups

One way ANOVA

Krounpakh α test for test stability which was (0.6322) which is considered to be acceptable

for this test.

2. Study questionnaire results

This study aimed to know the nursing perception as a career choice and the ideal career among

high school students in Hebron city. It aimed also to know the study variables which are: gender,

residence, previous family member admission to a hospital, family income, and apparent work in

health care sector.

For achieving the study goals the researchers developed a questionnaire consists of 30 questions

and then they exposed it to many experts to make sure that it is reliable, next they distributed it to

the sample and then collected, computerized, and processed the results using SPSS program.

Here are the results according to its questions’ arrangement and its hypothesis:

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o The results related to study questionnaire: for answering the study questions and then

collecting the percentages, means and standard deviations, the researchers suggested the

following grades:

Less than 2: low grade

From 2-3: moderate grade

More than 3: high grade

The following table shows these results

Table No (8): The questionnaire results, means, standard deviations, and grades

QN Question Mean SD Grade

1. Ideal career means to me people care 4.28 0.7612 High

2. Ideal career means to me high income 3.2 1.14 High

3. Ideal career means to me leadership in work place 3.78 1.59 High

4. Ideal career means to me to be respectful 4.41 0.74 High

5. Ideal career means to me to make my own decision 4.05 1.17 High

6. Ideal career means to me to work hard 3.86 1.01 High

7. Ideal career means to me to be active and energetic 4.31 0.72 High

8. Ideal career means to me to have university degree 4.43 0.90 High

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9. Ideal career means to me to use technology and

minimum hand using

3.35 1.13 High

10. My parents affect me in choosing future career 3.41 1.19 High

11. Nursing can be my ideal career 2.85 0.98 Moderate

12. Nursing career is important to individuals and

community members

4.34 0.81 High

13 I have the desire to study nursing in future 2.76 1.30 Moderate

14. Community perception of nursing career is positive 3.75 1.12 High

15 Nursing is female exclusive career 2.48 1.17 Moderate

16. Nursing is a human career more than its economic one 4.23 0.96 High

17. Nursing studding is costly 3.26 1.11 High

18. There are many jobs related to nursing career 3.55 0.90 High

19. Nursing career brings high income 3.35 0.95 High

20 Nursing career is exhausting one 3.81 0.81 High

21. Nursing career is dangerous one 3.31 1.06 High

22. Nursing level is good in Palestine 3.36 0.95 High

23 Political situations has affected nursing perception 4.23 0.85 High

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24 Nurses behavior with citizens is acceptable 3.31 0.99 high

25 Nursing career is important for Palestinians 4.16 1.15 High

26 Nurse has effective role in health care providing 4 0.9 High

27 Nurse’s role is equal to physician one in the community 3.16 1.09 High

28 Nursing future will be better than now 4.1 0.93 High

29. Hospitals’ distribution in Palestine ia appropriate for

health care providing

3.25 1.21 High

30 Palestinian citizen has enough medical information that

helps him in all his life aspects

2.7 1.23 moderate

Total 3.72 0.41 high

The previous table shows the following conclusions:

o Most questions have high response grade which means positive trends for these students

toward nursing career.

o There are some questions have moderate response grade which are (11, 13, 15, and 30) the

thing which indicates moderate desire from these students to study nursing and the nursing

career isn’t female exclusive in our community. Another conclusion is negative perception

of nursing future and the Palestinian citizen has enough medical information

o Total grade is (3.72) which considered to be high.

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Chapter four:

Discussion, conclusions and recommendations

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Discussion

First hypothesis:

For testing the accuracy of hypothesis said that “there are no statistical differences near

α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students

in Hebron city due to gender “ t.test was made for the sample and the results were as the

following:

Table No (9): t. test for gender variable

gender number mean SD DF T RL

Male 30 3.74 0.46 58 0.081 0.777

Female 30 3.70 0.36 54.727 ـــــــــــ ــــــــ

The previous table shows that reference level is 0.777 which is greater than level assumed

in hypothesis (0.05). So we accept the hypothesis and say that “there are no statistical

differences near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high

school students in Hebron city due to gender”.

The table also shows that males’ mean is 3.74 whereas females’ is 3.70 the thing which

means males and females approximation in the perception of nursing career and ideal career

in Hebron city.

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Second hypothesis:

For testing the accuracy of hypothesis said that “ there are no statistical differences near


in Hebron city due to residence” ANOVA test was made for the variable alternatives which

are , city (55), town (4) and camp ( 1) the results were as the following:

Table No (10): ANOVA test for residence factor

Total DF ANOVA F RL

Bet classes 0.07367 2 0.03684 0.208 0.813

Inner class 10.076 57 0.177 ـــــــــــــ ــــــــــــ

Total 10.1050 59 ـــــــــــ ــــــــــــ ـــــــــ

The previous table shows that reference level is 0.813 which is greater than assumed

grade in hypothesis (0.05). So we accept the hypothesis and say “there are no statistical

differences near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high

school students in Hebron city due to residence”.

Third hypothesis:

For testing the accuracy of hypothesis said that “there are no statistical differences near


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in Hebron city due to family income” ANOVA test was made for the variables which are:

less than NIS 1000, NIS 1000-2000, and more than NIS 2000. The results were as the

following:

Table No (11): ANOVA test for family income factor

Total DF ANOVA F RL

Bet classes 0.293 2 0.146 0.847 0.434

Inner class 9.857 57 ــــــــــــ ـــــــــــ ــــــــــ

Total 10.15 59 173 ــــــــــــ ــــــــــــــ

The previous table shows that reference level is 0.434 which is greater than the assumed grade

for hypothesis (0.05). So we accept the hypothesis and say that “there are no statistical differences

near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students in

Hebron city due to family income”.

Forth hypothesis:

For testing the accuracy of hypothesis said that “ there are no statistical differences near α=0.05

about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students in Hebron city

due to a parent work in health care sector” t.test was made for the variables which are “ yes(5)” and

“no ( 55)” and the results were as the following:

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Table No (12): t.test for a parent work in health care sector

Variable Number Mean SD DF T RL

Yes 5 3.76 0.40 58 0.266 0.608

No 55 3.71 0.41 4.81 ـــــــــ ــــــــــــ

The previous table shows that reference level is 0.608 which is greater than the assumed

hypothesis grade (0.05). so we accept the hypothesis and say “ there are no statistical differences

near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students in

Hebron city due to a parent work in health care sector.

The table also shows that the mean for variable “ yes “ is 3.76 and the mean for “no “ is 3.71

which indicates an approximation between the perceptions for who has working parent in health

care sector and who doesn’t have .

Fifth hypothesis:

For testing the accuracy of hypothesis said that “there are no statistical differences near α=0.05

about nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students in Hebron city

due to one of the family member admission to a hospital “ t.test was made for the variables which

are “ yes ( 50) “ and “ no (10 ) “ the results were as the following

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Table No (13): t. test for family member admission to a hospital

Variable Number Mean SD DF T RL

Yes 50 3.67 0.32 58 4.821 0.032

No 10 3.96 0.69 9.77 ــــــــــ ــــــــــــ

The previous table shows that reference level is 0.032 which is less than the assumed hypothesis

grade (0.05) for nursing perception and perception of ideal career among high school students in

Hebron city due to a family member admission to a hospital. The table also shows that the mean for

the variable “ yes “ is 3.67 and the mean for “ no “ is 3.69 which indicates no approximation

between the two variables for nursing perception and the perception of ideal career among high

school students in Hebron city. These differences related to the students who don’t have a family

member admitted to a hospital.

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Conclusions:

After data statistical analysis using SPSS program the study has the following results

First: results related to the questionnaire questions

Most questions have high response grade.

There are some questions have moderate response grade which are (11, 13, 15, 30).

No questions have low response grade.

Total grade is (3.72) which considered to be high.

Second: the results related to hypothesis:

First hypothesis:

There are no statistical differences near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal

career among high school students in Hebron city due to gender.

Second hypothesis:


career among high school students in Hebron city due to residence.

Third hypothesis:


career among high school students in Hebron city due to family income.

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Forth hypothesis:


career among high school students in Hebron city due to a parent work in health care sector.

Fifth hypothesis:

There are statistical differences near α=0.05 about nursing perception and perception of ideal

career among high school students in Hebron city due to family member admission to a hospital ,

and these differences related to students who answered “ no “.

38

Recommendations:

At the end of this project, the researchers recommended the following:

To do more efforts to make a positive perception for nursing profession by giving proper

community education about this career.

Improve health education for Palestinian ordinary citizens so that they can obtain enough

medical information that helps them in all their life aspects.

Provide more lectures for students in high school stage about ideal career, and send a

massage that only the student should choose his future career.

Do more efforts to help researches applying in Palestine. This can be done by funding such

projects, facilitating the researchers’ mission, and providing emotional support for the

researchers.

39

Budget:

Item Price

Transportation 270 NIS

Audit language 30 NIS

Print questionnaires 25 NIS

Print a copy of the preliminary project 10 NIS

Data analysis 200 NIS

Final copy of the project 40 NIS

Total 575 NIS

40

References:

Al-Kandari, F., Lew, I., 2005 . Kuwaiti high school students' perceptions of nursing as a

profession: implications for nursing education and practice. J Nurse Educ; 44(12):533-40.

Al-Omar, B., 2004. Knowledge, attitudes and intention of high school students towards the

nursing profession in Riyadh city, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J; 25(2):150-5

Barkley,T.,Kohler,P.,1992. Is nursing’s image a deterrent to recruiting men into the

profession ?male high school student respond. Nursing Forum 27 (2), 9-14.

Boughn,S.,1994.Why do men choose nursing? Health Care Trends and T ransition 6 (5), 26-

31.

Buerhaus, P., Donelan, K., Ulrich, B., Kirby, L., Norman, L., Dittus, R., 2005 . Registered

nurses' perceptions of nursing. Nurs Econ;23(3):110-8, 143, 107.

Department of Health,2006. A National Human Resources Plan for Health. Pretoria, South

Africa.

Groossman, D., Northrop, C., 1993. What high school student think of a nursing career: a

survey of dade country senior high school . Journal of Nursing Education 32 (4), 157-162.

Kersten , J., Bakewell, K., Meyer, D., 1991. Motivating factors in a student choice of

nursing as a career. Journal of Nursing Education 30 (1), 30-33.

Kikwilu, E., Mugonzibwa, E., Rugarabamu ,P., Ntabaye, M., 2000. Tanzanian high school

students' attitude towards five university professional courses. East Afr Med J;77(3):143-6.

41

Law, W., Arthur, D., 2003. What factors influence Hong Kong school students in their

choice of a career in nursing? Int J Nurs StudJ;40(1):23-32.

Lerner, D.,1991. Occupational behavior and attitudes among new RNs. Nursing Economics

9 (3), 165-170.

May, F., Champion, V., Austin, J.,1991 . Public values and beliefs toward nursing as a

career . Journal of Nursing Education 30 (7), 303-310.

Ntshona, M.,2000 . “Nurse Training” HST UPDATE for Health Workers, Planners and

Managers .

Rawlins ,T. ,Riordean, J., Delamaide ,G.,Kilian,G.,1991 Student nurse recruitment :

determinant for Choosing a nursing Program . Journal of Nursing Education 30 (5),197-

201.

Reiskin , H., Haussler ,S.,1994.MultiCultural student perception of nursing as a career .

Image :Journal of nursing scholarship 26(1) .61-64.

Rossiter ,J., Foong, A., Chan, P., 1999 Attitude of Hong Kong high school students towards

the nursing profession .Nursing Education Today 19:464 -471 .

Smadu, M., 1996 .So ,what makes you want to be a nurse ? saskatchewan Registered nurses

Association ,August , PP. 32 -33.

Steven ,K., Walker ,E., 1993 choosing a career :why not nursing for more high school

Senior ? Journal of Nursing Education 32(1),13-17.

42

Tang ,K., Duffield ,C., Chen, J.,Choucair ,S., Creegan ,R.,Mak , C.,Lesley ,G., 1998.

Predictor of intention of study nursing among school student speaking language other than

English at home .Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing 15(2),33-39.

Williams ,D., Morgan , H., Best ,D., 1991. High School counselor ‘ perception of

baccalaureate degree nursing career choices .The ABNF Journal 33-35.

http://nursejobs.com/nursing-career-choices.aspx.

http://www.nursingsociety.org/career/cmap_nurses.html.

43

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم

مفھوم مھنة التمريض و المھنة المثالية لدى طالب الثانوية العامة في مدينة الخليل

بناء كلية التمريض في جامعة النجاح الوطنية عن مفھوم أللمشاركة في ھذه الدراسة التي يقوم بھا نت مدعو أة: \عزيزي الطالبالفرع العلمي في مدينة الخليل و التي نھدف من خاللھا \و طالبات الثانوية العامة مھنة التمريض و المھنة المثالية لدى طالب

ية المعلومات التي نحصل مع العلم ان سر ,الى االرتقاء بالمھن الصحية بشكل عام و مھنة التمريض بشكل خاص في فلسطينت خاصة به. راجين من طلبتنا االعزاء التعاون و ية معلوماأسمه او إجبر على كتابة ة غير م \ن الطالبأ عليھا مضمونة , و

ن ألى تحقيقھا و مع العلم إالمشاركة بتعبئة ھذه الدراسة بمعلومات صحيحة و صادقة حتى نتمكن من تحقيق االھداف التي نسعى .بصورة عشوائية من مدارس المدينة . شاكرين لكم حسن المشاركة و المتابعة ختيار الطالب و الطالبات تم إ

ة: لديك ھنا عدد من االسئلة العامة يليھا مجموعة من األسئلة تتعلق بالمھنة المثالية و مھنة التمريض, نرجو \عزيزي الطالب وضع االجابة في المكان الذي تعتقد أنه المناسب .

مع تحيات

طالب كلية التمريض في جامعة النجاح الوطنية

المعلومات العامة:

ـــــــــــــالعمر: ـــــــــــــــ

الجنس: ــــــــــ ذكر ــــــــــــــ أنثى

مكان السكن: ـــــــــــــ مدينة ــــــــــــــ قرية ـــــــــــــــــ مخيم

ــــــــــــــــــ الھل تنوي اإللتحاق بكلية أو بجامعة؟ ــــــــــــــــ نعم

ھل سبق أن دخلت أنت أو أحد أفراد أسرتك إلى مستشفى كمريض؟ ـــــــــــــــ نعم ــــــــــــــ ال

ش 2000>ش ـــــــــــــ 2000 -1000ش ــــــــــــــ 1000<دخل األسرة الشھري: ــــــــــــــ

د والديك في المجال الصحي؟ ــــــــــــــــ نعم ــــــــــــــ الھل يعمل أح

44

الرقم

السؤال

اوافق

بشدة

اوافق

غير متأكد

اعارض

اعارض

بشدة

؟ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك العناية بالناس 1

؟مالمن الأكبر قدر ممكن ىھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك الحصول عل 2

؟ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك القيادة في مكان العمل 3

؟ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك الحصول على قدر كبير من االحترام 4

؟تخاذ قراراتك بنفسكإھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك 5

ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك العمل بجھد كبير؟ 6

ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك أن تبقى نشيطا و ذي طاقة؟ 7

ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك أن تكون حاصل على شھادة جامعية؟ 8

ھل تعني المھنة المثالية لك العمل بالتكنولوجيا و عدم استخدام اليدين بكثرة؟ 9

؟تمارسھا في المستقبلن أختيار والديك للمھنة التي يمكن إھل تتاثر ب◌◌ 10

؟ن تكون المھنة المثالية لكأمھنة التمريض ممكن ھل تعتقد أن 11

؟سرة و المجتمعمھنة التمريض ھي مھنة مھمة لالفراد و األ ھل تعتقد أن 12

؟ھل ترغب بدراسة مھنة التمريض في المستقبل 13

؟يجابيةإنة التمريض نظرة لى مھإنظرة المجتمع ن أھل تعتقد 14

؟مھنة التمريض ھي مھنة خاصة باإلناث ن أھل تعتقد 15

؟كثر من كونھا ماديةأنسانية إمھنة التمريض ن أھل تعتقد 16

؟دراسة التمريض مكلفة ماديا ن أھل تعتقد 17

؟مريضھناك العديد من الوظائف من خالل مھنة الت ن أھل تعتقد 18

؟مھنة التمريض توفر دخال ماديا مرتفعا ن أھل تعتقد 19

؟مھنة التمريض ھي مھنة متعبة ن أھل تعتقد 20

؟مھنة التمريض مھنة خطرة ن أھل تعتقد 21

؟مستوى التمريض في فلسطين مستوى جيد ن أھل تعتقد 22

45

؟ثرت على التمريض و النظرة إليهأ األوضاع السياسية ن أھل تعتقد 23

◌ف الممرض مع المواطن تصرف مقبول 24 ھل تعتقد أن تصر

ھل تعتقد أن مھنة التمريض مھمة للشعب الفلسطيني خاصة؟ 25

ھل تعتقد أن الممرض يمتلك دور فعال في تقديم العالج؟ 26

دور الطبيب في المجتمع؟ھل تعتقد أن دور الممرض يساوي 27

ھل تعتقد أن مستقبل مھنة التمريض في فلسطين يمكن أن يكون أفضل مما ھو 28 عليه اآلن؟

ھل تعتقد أن أماكن تواجد المستشفيات مالئم إلتمام عملية العالج؟ 29

تساعده في ھل تعتقد أن المواطن الفلسطيني على قدر من المعلومات الطبية التي 30 مختلف جوانب حياته؟

قنا في ن نكون قد وفا أه المناسب لھا. كما نرجون أجاباتك قد وضعت في المكان الذي تعتقد إن تكون أ: نرجو ة\عزيزي الطالبن لكم ليھا برفع مستوى الصحة في الوطن الحبيب. شاكريوضع أسئلة ھذه اإلستمارة حتى نتمكن من تحقيق األھداف التي نسمو إ

.خوانكم في كلية التمريض في جامعة النجاح الوطنية مع إحسن تعاونكم و تجاوبكم

و هللا الموفق

بناء كلية التمريضأ

0599553660محمد موسى دار موسى

0599226932احمد االسود

05990599294873رأفت شاھر

0599321548عبد السالم الصوفي

جامعة النجاح الوطنية

factors that affect nursing perception as a career … that...1 ميحرلا نمحرلا ﷲ مسب...

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