factors in environment

Factors in Environmental Management

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Public Policy, Ethics and Pollution

Objectives

• To define and give examples of pollution

• To Identify the factors involved in solving environmental problems

• Understand ethical environmental issues

• To identify local environmental laws and global agreements

Factors Considered in the Solution of an Environmental Problem

� Pollution FactorPollution is defined as any change in the

properties of the environment that lowers a previously beneficial use


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Environmental Pollution- Change in the properties of the environment that lowers a previously beneficial use

Env’t Use Property Change Effect

Water Drinking Physical:Colorless

Intro. ofWW from textile firm

Black color,unfit for drinking

Air Respiration Chemical:21%O2 & 79& N2

Intro. of CO from motorvehicles

At varyingconc’ncan be fatal

Chemicals dumped into Love Canal began to leach through the soil and leak into people's basements, contaminate underground pipes, and pollute the air.

In the 1890s, William T. Love began digging a canal near Niagara Falls, New York.

In the 1950s, Hooker Chemicals dumped an enormous quantity of hazardous waste (estimated at 352 million pounds)

Superfund Act: $20M to residents & $130M to USEPA for Cleanup (1983)


� Pollution Factor�Type of Pollutant/ Effect

�Pollution Prevention (PP) or Pollution Control Necessary

�Environment where the pollutant is discharged

�Presence of other sources discharging into the same environment

�Future use of the environment


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� Resources Depletion Factor�Deforestation: mangroves/lumber

�Overgrazing/overharvesting�Desertification

�coral reefs destruction

�Species Extinction/Loss of biodiversity

�Fossil Fuels Exploitation


� Public Policy factor�Social Concern

�Sucat-Araneta Transmission Line�Affect health though not proven

�Affect distribution of electricity in south

�Ethical Concerns

�General attitude of residents toward industry in their locality

�Personal discipline


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AGENT ORANGEand Vietnam War

HazWaste Dumping in 3rd World Countries

Northern Spotted Owl vslumberjacks, who won?Oregon, USA

The "Noah Question"

• How many species can we or should we save?

• How much are we willing to invest to protect slimy, smelly, crawly things?

• Would you favour preserving disease organisms and parasites or should we use our limited resources to protect only beautiful, interesting or seemingly useful organisms?


� Government Policy factor�Local Laws and Regulations

� International agreements

�Environmental projects

�Environmental Education

� Incentives/Disincentives


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� Local Laws and Regulations• PD 984 - Pollution Control Law

“Pollution Control Decree of 1976”• covers the important legislations for

the protection, management, and pollution control of air, water, and land environment including the management and discharge regulations for solid wastes and hazardous wastes and substances

• Created the NPCC and gave it police powers

Government Policy factor

Government Policy factor

PD 1181: Philippine Environmental Policy-declares that it is a continuing policy of the state :

� To create, develop, maintain and improve conditions under which man and nature can thrive in productive and enjoyable harmony with each other

� To fulfill the social, economic and other requirements of present and future generations of Filipinos

� To ensure the attainment of an environmental quality that is conducive to a life of dignity and well being

� Local Laws and Regulations

Executive Order 192 (1987) -Reorganizaton of Dept of Envt as DENR� Section 13: Created the Forest Management Bureau

� Section 14: Created the Land Management Bureau

� Section 15: Created the Mines and Geo-Sciences Bureau

� Section 16: Created the Environmental Management Bureau

� Section 17: Created the Ecosystem Research and Development Bureau

Government Policy factor� Local Laws and Regulations


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� Republic Act 7586 in 1992. The most important legislation on biodiversity also known as the NIPAS Law which provides for the establishment and management of the National Integrated Protected Areas System.

� PD 274 : Beautification, restoration and gainful utilization of the Pasig River

� PD1219 - Prohibition on the exploitation and utilization and conservation of coral resources

Government Policy factor� Local Laws and Regulations

• Executive Order 192, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) adopt and promulgate the following:– DENR Administrative Order 34 (DAO 34), series of

1990, is known as the “Revised Water Usage and Classification/Water Quality Criteria”.

– DENR Administrative Order 35 (DAO 35), series of 1990, is known as the “Revised Effluent Regulations of 1990”. DAO 35 adopts and promulgates the rules and regulations for all industrial and municipal wastewater effluents.

– DENR Administrative Order 26 (DAO 26), series of 1992, is known as the “Appointment and Designation of Pollution Control Officers (PCOs)”.

Government Policy Factor

– Presidential Decree 813 (PD813) and Executive Order 927 authorizes the Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA) to implement the Environmental User Fee System (EUFs)and applies the “Polluters Pay Principle”

– Republic Act 6969otherwise known as “The Toxic Substances and Hazardous and Nuclear Wastes Control Act”. The act regulate, restrict or prohibit the importation, manufacture, processing, sale, distribution, use and disposal of chemical substances and mixtures that present risk and/or injury to health or the environment;



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– Republic Act 9003otherwise known as the “Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000”. An act providing for an ecological solid waste management program.

– Republic Act 8749otherwise known as the “Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999,” which provides for a comprehensive air pollution quality.

– RA 9275- Clean Water Act (CWA) of 2004. an act providing for a comprehensive water quality management and for other purposes.

– Presidential Decree 1586 (P.D. 1586), issued in 1978, established a primer on “The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement” or the EIS System under DENR Administrative Order No. 96-37. DAO 96-37 covers the revised set of the implementing rules and regulations for the EIS system.


� Philippine Task Force on Solid Waste Management

� Pasig River Rehabilitation Project (PRRP)

� Air Pollution Index (API)

� The Industrial Environmental Management Project (IEMP) – (waste exchange)

Government Policy factor� Environmental Projects

� Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal

� International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil

� Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

� Earth Summit (1992) - UNCED� United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity� London Treaty on the Banning of Nuclear tests� Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by

Dumping waste � Kyoto Protocol: United Nations Framework on

Climate Change

Government Policy factor� International Agreements:

factors in environment

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