factors aff toursm

8/4/2019 Factors Aff Toursm

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FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM

Done By:

DHELEEPAN

3rd YearBSc Geography, Travel and Tourism Management


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FACTORS AFFECTING TOURISM

FACTORS:

Attractions

Physical factors

Political factorsCultural Factors

Economic factors

Economic and regional development

Social Factors

Travel formalities and regulationsTravel restrictions

Tourism Policy

Health issues

Conflicts/wars

Terrorism

Tourism is said to be the worlds largest industry. Hence a large number of factors shape

tourism. The major types of factors that affect tourism are given below:


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ATTRACTIONS

A good number of attractions attract a good number of tourists.

Different attractions attract different types of tourists and tourism.

A hilly region attracts nature lovers.

A beach resort attracts beach lovers and water sport enthusiasts.

Pilgrim centers attract religious tourists.

Though attractions attract people they should be well maintained otherwise people would

ignore it. The best example for one such case is Hampi.


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PHYSICAL FACTORS

The physical features of a destination plays a major role in determining the tourist flow

to that region.

A contrasting physical feature in a geographical area attracts more people. For eg,

Ooty is a hill station in Tamil Nadu. It attracts lot of tourists from the state as one can

experience cool climate and scenery which cannot be experienced in the plains and

plateaus of Tamilnadu.

For good inflow of tourists a region should have:Moderate climatic conditions

Good aesthetic beauty


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POLITICAL FACTORS

The political factors play a major in determining the tourist inflow. The major political

issues that affect tourism are:Political disputes between two countries

Weak political situation

Political conflicts.

An example of a country neglected by majority of tourists because of weak political

situation is Egypt.

At the same time political factors also have some good influence on tourism if

There be good political relations between two countries

Stable government provides security.

Malaysia is a good example.


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CULTURAL FACTORS

A country with good cultural background attracts large number of people. There is a desire to

experience the different cultures in different parts of the world. For culture to be a majortourism resource the destination should pay more attention to:

Preserve culture

Preserve historical monuments

Organize shows exhibiting culture

Check cultural leakage.

Cultural leakage is a great

hindrance for tourism.

Culture itself sometimes stops tourists visiting a destination when:

The culture of the destination is primitive

The culture of the destination is not tourist friendly. A good

example could be Nicobar Islands.

Culture is not preserved.


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ECONOMIC FACTORS

The economy of a destination also plays a role in attracting tourists. The better the economic

development better is the inflow of tourists. Better economy means better facilities, better

transport, better the experience.

But however we must also note that incase of eco tourism or rural tourism the region should

be remote, unexploited and should be less developed.

France could be a good example.

Sharavathi Valley in India is an example.


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If a region is economically and regionally well

developed then it means it has good infrastructure

to attract tourists.

Good infrastructure is a key factor in building theimage of a destination. Good infrastructure means:

Good Transport facilities

Good accommodation

Good maintenance of the attractions

Good connectivity, etc.

In general the more the region is developed the

better the infrastructure. The better the

infrastructure the better is the tourist inflow.

ECONOMIC AND REGIONAL

DEVELOPMENT


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SOCIAL FACTORS

The social factors also are responsible in attracting tourists.

The social factors include:

Safety

Security

Friendliness

Hospitality

In general everybody looks for safety that too when out of station. So safety and security are

important factors in determining tourist arrivals. Good safety means good tourist inflow.

If the people are friendly the better is the tourist inflow.

Indians hesitate to visit Philippines, Pakistan or Australia because of safety reasons.


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TRAVEL FORMALITIES

The travel formalities play a major role in attracting tourists. There is generally a lot of

formalities imposed on foreign tourists like:Passport

VISA

Travel Insurance

Money exchange, etc

Visiting certain areas also require:

Special permission

Experienced escorts,etc.

The obtaining of travel documents is expensive. Only the rich can afford it. Moreover obtaining

special permissions is a difficult task. Hence too much of travel formalities again affects tourism.


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TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS

There are also various restrictions imposed on a traveler. These affect tourism on a large scale.

The major may include:

Amount of liquor, cigars a person can carry

Amount of cash a person can carry

Restrictions on pets

Restrictions on medicine

Relaxation of restrictions will attract more tourists. The European Union has abolished customs

among its member countries.

The customs department takes care of these restrictions.

TAXATIONHeavy taxation and service charges result in less movement of tourists.


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TOURISM POLICY

The Tourism Policy of a country plays an important role in the development of tourism.

The more flexible and more friendly the policy is the more is the tourist arrival.More funds should be allotted for tourism for more tourists to come.

France and Malaysia are some of the examples of countries having good tourism policy.

PAID HOLIDAYS

Certain governmental and private organizations provide paid holidays to their

employees. This has resulted in considerable increase in tourism.

The concept of LTC ( Leave Travel Concession) present in the Government of India isan example.


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HEALTH ISSUES

The health issues affects tourism. If health conditions are good at the destination or the

conditions of health in the home country of the tourist is good then better is the inflow of tourists.

The prevalence of Yellow fever, etc in Africa has resulted in mandatory vaccinations

against the disease. Similarly when tourists from infected countries come to a destination

they are expected to undergo certain tests.

Spread of epidemics is another issue. People become scared to visit

a destination and people from the infected countries are not

allowed to enter unaffected countries. Best includes include:Swine flu

Bird flu

SARS

Anthrax, etc.

Though health issues pose threat to tourism providing alternative medicine and providing cure forillness has result in the development of health tourism.


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CONFLICTS/ WARSCivil wars within or between two countries always keeps tourism at bay. The best examples could

be :

Israel- Palestine conflictLibyan war

TERRORISMCountries that are prone to terrorism are best avoided by tourists. The best examples include

Pakistan, Afghanistan, etc.

CONCLUSION

The major factors that affect tourism both positively and negatively were discussed . For better

inflow of tourists these factors should be kept at the required level.


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THANK YOU

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