fact sheet on statistics and trends in iicit … · “ecstasy ” million million ... fact sheet...
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FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDSIN ILLICIT DRUGS
1
Annual prevalence (%)*
Number of users (millions)*
All illicit drug use 5.3(3.3-7.3)
255(158-351)
Problem drug use** 0.6(0.3-0.9)
29.5(15.3-43.1)
Cannabis 3.8(2.7-4.9)
183.3(128.1-237.7)
Opioids(opiates and prescription opioids)
0.7(0.6-0.9)
35.0(28.3-42.7)
Opiates 0.37(0.27-0.49)
17.7(12.9-23.6)
Cocaine 0.35(0.27-0.46)
17.1(13.0-22.3)
Amphetamines 0.77(0.30-1.24)
37.0(14.5-59.7)
“Ecstasy” 0.45(0.19-0.71)
21.6(9.3-34.1)
2015 Global estimates of drug use
* The prevalence (%) and numbers have been rounded
** Those who engage in high risk consumption of drugs, e.g, people who inject drugs, use drugs on a daily basis and/or people diagnosed with drug use disorders based on clinical criteria contained in ICD-10 or DSM V.
2015 Joint UNODC/UNAIDS/WHO/World Bank estimates of people who inject drugs and living with HIV
Prevalence (%) Number of people (millions)
People who inject drugs 0.25(0.18-0.36)
11.8(8.6-17.4)
HIV among PWID 13.1 1.6(0.9-3.2)
Drug-related mortality
Rates of drug-related deaths per million population aged 15-64 years
39.6(24.0-47.7)
Number of drug-related deaths 190,900 (115,900-230,100)
2
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12 million people inject drugs
1.6 million people who inject drugs are living with HIV
6.1 million are living with hepatitis C1.3 million are living with both
hepatitis C and HIV
183
cannabis
35
opioids
18
opiates
Number of past-year users in 2015
17
cocaine
37
amphetamines & prescription stimulants
22
“ecstasy”
million million million
million millionmillion
3
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
10 million years of life lost as a result of disability caused by drug use
18 million years of life lost as a result of premature death caused by drug use
17 million DALYs attributed to drug use disorders
DALYsattributed
to drug use
28 million healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use17 million healthy years of life lost as a result of drug use disorders
+years of “healthy” life lost as a result
of disability=
years of life lost as a result of premature
death
drug usedisability
prematuredeath
years of life lost
birth expected life years
DALYs
28 million “healthy” years of life lost
drug use
0.2 million years lost as a result of disability2.8 million years lost as a result of premature death
DALYsattributed
to HIV
birth expectedlife years
drug use
DALYsattributed
to hepatitis Cbirth expected
life years
0.1 million years lost as a result of disability6.2 million years lost as a result of premature death
years oflife lost
years oflife lost
More years of "healthy" life lost (DALYs) as a result of hepatitis C than of HIV among people who use drugs
premature
death
premature
death
4
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+25% +19%
Higher rate of increase in the burden of disease from drug use disorders
among women than among men
2005 2015 2005 2015
222,000 hepatitis C deaths
60,000 HIV deaths
Among people who use drugs, more die from hepatitis C than from HIV
Past-year prevalence of drug use is higher in prison than among the general population
drug
use i
n p
rison
drug
use a
mong
the general population
20% 5.3%
5
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
OPIATES
=
Global cu lt ivat ion 8% Global se izures
Global product ion Global number of users
change from previous year change from previous year-5%
6,380 tonsof opium
change from previous year
2,080 tonsconsumed as opium
448 tonsof heroinproduced
2015
2015
2016
2016
heroin morphine
-54%morphine
11%opium heroin
34%
587tonsopium
9.6tons
80tons
opioi
d users
most
rece
nt estimate
opiat
e users
427,000 x304,800 ha
35 million
17.7 million
processedinto heroin
4,300 tons
Notes: Data on cultivation and production/manufacture refer to 2016. Data on seizures and numbers of users refer to 2015. Seizures of different substances are of varying purity. Estimates of cultivation and eradication of opium poppy, production of opium, manufacture of heroin and prevalence of opioids and opiates use are available in the annex of booklet 2.
6
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Ma
p 1
M
ain
opia
te t
raffi
ckin
g flo
ws,
201
1-20
15
Sour
ces:
UN
OD
C e
labo
ratio
n, b
ased
on
resp
onse
s to
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re a
nd in
divi
dual
dru
g se
izur
e da
taba
se.
Not
es:
The
traf
ficki
ng f
low
s ar
e de
term
ined
on
the
basi
s of
cou
ntry
of
orig
in/d
epar
ture
, tr
ansi
t an
d de
stin
atio
n of
sei
zed
drug
s as
rep
orte
d by
Mem
ber
Stat
es in
the
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re a
nd in
divi
dual
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ug s
eizu
re d
atab
ase:
as
such
, th
ey a
re t
o be
con
side
red
as b
road
ly in
dica
tive
of e
xist
ing
traf
ficki
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oute
s w
hile
sev
eral
sec
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ry f
low
s m
ay n
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e re
flect
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Flow
arr
ows
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esen
t th
e di
rect
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of t
raff
ick
-in
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rigin
s of
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ows
indi
cate
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anuf
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re o
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vena
nce,
end
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nts
of a
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s in
dica
te e
ither
the
are
a of
con
sum
ptio
n or
the
one
of
next
des
tinat
ion
of t
raff
icki
ng.
The
boun
darie
s sh
own
on t
his
map
do
not
impl
y of
ficia
l end
orse
men
t or
acc
epta
nce
by t
he U
nite
d N
atio
ns.
Das
hed
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rese
nt u
ndet
erm
ined
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ndar
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The
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ted
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esen
ts a
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e Li
ne o
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Jam
mu
and
Kas
hmir
agre
ed u
pon
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dia
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. Th
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eed
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by
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The
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uth
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A d
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ts o
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rgen
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the
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ted
Kin
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at B
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orth
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nd c
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and
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(Mal
vina
s).
CEN
TRA
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TH-E
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Her
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mer
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traf
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ener
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nmar
/Lao
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Mos
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men
tione
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ansi
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untr
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hern
rou
te
7
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
COCAINE
=
Global cu lt ivat ion18%
156,500 ha
Global se izures
Global product ion Global number of users
change from previous year change from previous year
2015
2015
2015
2015
31%
change from previous year 19%
864tons
cocaine as seized
most r
ecen
t esti
mate (2015)
219,000 x
17.1 million1,125 tons
purecocaine
8
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Ma
p 2
M
ain
coca
ine
traf
ficki
ng fl
ows,
201
1-20
15
Sour
ce:
UN
OD
C e
labo
ratio
n, b
ased
on
resp
onse
s to
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re a
nd in
divi
dual
dru
g se
izur
e da
taba
se.
Not
es:
The
traf
ficki
ng f
low
s ar
e de
term
ined
on
the
basi
s of
cou
ntry
of
orig
in/d
epar
ture
, tr
ansi
t an
d de
stin
atio
n of
sei
zed
drug
s as
rep
orte
d by
Mem
ber
Stat
es in
the
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re a
nd in
divi
dual
dr
ug s
eizu
re d
atab
ase:
as
such
, th
ey a
re t
o be
con
side
red
as b
road
ly in
dica
tive
of e
xist
ing
traf
ficki
ng r
oute
s w
hile
sev
eral
sec
onda
ry f
low
s m
ay n
ot b
e re
flect
ed.
Flow
arr
ows
repr
esen
t th
e di
rect
ion
of
traf
ficki
ng:
orig
ins
of t
he a
rrow
s in
dica
te e
ither
the
are
a of
man
ufac
ture
or
the
one
of la
st p
rove
nanc
e, e
nd p
oint
s of
arr
ows
indi
cate
eith
er t
he a
rea
of c
onsu
mpt
ion
or t
he o
ne o
f ne
xt d
estin
atio
n of
tr
affic
king
.
The
boun
darie
s sh
own
on t
his
map
do
not
impl
y of
ficia
l end
orse
men
t or
acc
epta
nce
by t
he U
nite
d N
atio
ns.
Das
hed
lines
rep
rese
nt u
ndet
erm
ined
bou
ndar
ies.
The
dot
ted
line
repr
esen
ts a
ppro
xim
atel
y th
e Li
ne o
f C
ontr
ol in
Jam
mu
and
Kas
hmir
agre
ed u
pon
by In
dia
and
Paki
stan
. Th
e fin
al s
tatu
s of
Jam
mu
and
Kas
hmir
has
not
yet
been
agr
eed
upon
by
the
part
ies.
The
fin
al b
ound
ary
betw
een
the
Suda
n an
d So
uth
Suda
n ha
s no
t ye
t be
en d
eter
min
ed.
A d
ispu
te e
xist
s be
twee
n th
e G
over
nmen
ts o
f A
rgen
tina
and
the
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
of
Gre
at B
ritai
n an
d N
orth
ern
Irela
nd c
once
rnin
g so
vere
ignt
y ov
er t
he F
alkl
and
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nds
(Mal
vina
s).
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ama
Chi
na
Sout
hA
fric
a
Mex
ico
Boliv
ia
(Plu
r.
Stat
e of
)
Braz
ilPe
ruCol
ombi
a
Ven
ezue
la(B
ol. R
ep. o
f)
Chi
le
Uni
ted
Stat
es
of A
mer
ica
Can
ada
Aus
tral
ia
Aus
tral
ia
Aus
tral
ia
Qat
ar
Uni
ted
Stat
es
of A
mer
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Braz
ilC
hile
Hon
g K
ong,
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guay
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ruBr
azil
Pana
ma
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n
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dor
Arg
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a
Port
ugal
Nig
eria
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nds
Uni
ted
Ara
b Em
irate
s
Cos
ta R
ica
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tem
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Dom
inic
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lic
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idad
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na
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ium
WE
ST
ER
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AN
D C
EN
TR
AL
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PE
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ST
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ER
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TH
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ST
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A
WE
ST
AN
DS
OU
TH
AS
IA
02,
000
1,00
0km
Sour
ce: U
NO
DC
, res
pons
es t
o an
nual
rep
ort
ques
tionn
aire
and
indi
vidu
al d
rug
seiz
ure
data
base
.N
otes
: The
tra
ffic
king
flo
ws
are
dete
rmin
ed o
n th
e ba
sis
of c
ount
ry o
f or
igin
/dep
artu
re, t
rans
it an
d de
stin
atio
n of
sei
zed
drug
s as
rep
orte
d by
Mem
ber
Stat
es in
the
ARQ
and
IDS:
as
such
, the
y ne
ed t
o be
con
side
red
as b
road
ly in
dica
tive
of e
xist
ing
traf
ficki
ng r
oute
s w
hile
sev
eral
sec
onda
ry f
low
s m
ay n
ot b
e re
flect
ed. F
low
arr
ows
repr
esen
t th
e di
rect
ion
of
traf
ficki
ng: o
rigin
s of
the
arr
ows
indi
cate
eith
er t
he a
rea
of m
anuf
actu
re o
r th
e on
e of
last
pro
vena
nce,
end
poi
nts
of a
rrow
s in
dica
te e
ither
the
are
a of
con
sum
ptio
n or
the
one
of
next
des
tinat
ion
of t
raff
icki
ng. T
heir
thic
knes
s re
pres
ents
the
qua
ntity
of
drug
tra
ffic
ked.
The
boun
darie
s sh
own
on t
his
map
do
not
impl
y of
ficia
l end
orse
men
t or
acc
epta
nce
by t
he U
nite
d N
atio
ns. D
ashe
d lin
es r
epre
sent
und
eter
min
ed b
ound
arie
s. T
he d
otte
d lin
e re
pres
ents
app
roxi
mat
ely
the
Line
of
Con
trol
in J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ag
reed
upo
n by
Indi
a an
d Pa
kist
an. T
he f
inal
sta
tus
of J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ha
s no
t ye
t be
en a
gree
d up
on b
y th
e pa
rtie
s. T
he f
inal
bou
ndar
y be
twee
n th
e Su
dan
and
Sout
h Su
dan
has
not
yet
been
det
erm
ined
. A d
ispu
te e
xist
s be
twee
n th
e G
over
nmen
ts o
f A
rgen
tina
and
the
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
of
Gre
at B
ritai
n an
d N
orth
ern
Irela
nd c
once
rnin
g so
vere
ignt
y ov
er t
he F
alkl
and
Isla
nds
(Mal
vina
s).
M
ain
traf
ficki
ng
O
ther
tra
ffic
king
Mos
t fr
eque
ntly
men
tione
d co
untr
ies
of p
rove
nanc
e as
rep
orte
d by
cou
ntrie
s
w
here
coc
aine
sei
zure
s to
ok p
lace
9
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
CANNABIS
Global number of userschange from previous yearG lobal se izures
1,536tons
cannabis resin
5,781tons
6%herb resin-2%
cannabis herb20152015
183 millionNote: Data refer to 2015. Estimates of illicit cultivation, production and eradication of cannabis and prevalence of cannabis use are avail-able in the annex of booklet 2
10
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SYNTHETIC DRUGS
Global se izures
Global number of users
change from previous year
methamphetamine
132tons
52tons
amphetamine
6tons
“ecstasy” synthetic NPS*
23tons
methamphetamine21%
amphetamine8%
“ecstasy”-35%
synthetic NPS-39%
2015
37 million
users
of am
pheta
mines and prescription sti mulants
22 million
“ecs
tasy” users
2015
2015* Excludes GBL, ketamine and other medicines.
11
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
Ma
p 3
In
terr
egio
nal t
raffi
ckin
g flo
ws
of m
etha
mph
etam
ine,
201
2-20
15
Sour
ce:
UN
OD
C,
resp
onse
s to
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re,
2012
-201
5.
Not
e: T
he o
rigin
s of
the
flo
w a
rrow
s do
not
nec
essa
rily
indi
cate
the
sou
rce/
man
ufac
ture
of
met
ham
phet
amin
e. F
low
arr
ows
repr
esen
t th
e di
rect
ion
of m
etha
mph
etam
ine
traf
ficki
ng a
nd a
re n
ot
an in
dica
tion
of t
he q
uant
ity t
raff
icke
d. T
he b
ound
arie
s sh
own
on t
his
map
do
not
impl
y of
ficia
l end
orse
men
t or
acc
epta
nce
by t
he U
nite
d N
atio
ns.
Das
hed
lines
rep
rese
nt u
ndet
erm
ined
bou
nda
-rie
s. T
he d
otte
d lin
e re
pres
ents
app
roxi
mat
ely
the
Line
of
Con
trol
in J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ag
reed
upo
n by
Indi
a an
d Pa
kist
an.
The
final
sta
tus
of J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ha
s no
t ye
t be
en a
gree
d up
on
by t
he p
artie
s. T
he f
inal
bou
ndar
y be
twee
n th
e Su
dan
and
Sout
h Su
dan
has
not
yet
been
det
erm
ined
.
Isla
mic
Re
publ
ic
of Ir
an
Mex
ico
Uni
ted
Stat
es
of A
mer
ica
Aus
tral
ia
Mya
nmar
Thai
land
Phili
ppin
es
Mal
aysi
a
Chi
na
Japa
n
Hon
g K
ong,
Chi
na
Cze
chia
Pola
nd
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n
Net
herla
nds
Belg
ium
Switz
erla
nd
Ger
man
y
Fran
ce
Lith
uani
aD
enm
ark
02.
000
km1.
000
Sour
ce: U
NO
DC
, res
pons
es t
o an
nual
rep
ort
ques
tionn
aire
, 201
2-20
15.
Not
e: T
he o
rigin
s of
the
flo
w a
rrow
s do
not
nec
essa
rily
indi
cate
the
sou
rce/
man
ufac
ture
of
met
ham
phet
amin
e. F
low
arr
ows
repr
esen
t th
e di
rect
ion
of m
etha
mph
etam
ine
traf
ficki
ng a
nd a
re n
ot a
n in
dica
tion
of t
he q
uant
ity t
raff
icke
d.
The
boun
darie
s sh
own
on t
his
map
do
not
impl
y of
ficia
l end
orse
men
t or
acc
epta
nce
by t
he U
nite
d N
atio
ns. D
ashe
d lin
es r
epre
sent
und
eter
min
ed b
ound
arie
s. T
he d
otte
d lin
e re
pres
ents
app
roxi
mat
ely
the
Line
of
Con
trol
in J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ag
reed
upo
n by
Indi
a an
d Pa
kist
an. T
he f
inal
sta
tus
of J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ha
s no
t ye
t be
en a
gree
d up
on b
y th
e pa
rtie
s. T
he f
inal
bou
ndar
y be
twee
n th
e Su
dan
and
Sout
h Su
dan
has
not
yet
been
det
erm
ined
.
WES
TER
NA
ND
CEN
TRA
LA
FRIC
A
WES
TER
NNNA
ND
CEN
TRA
LEU
RO
PE
EAST
AN
DSO
UTH
-EA
STA
SIA
SOU
THER
NA
FRIC
A
CEN
TRA
L A
SIA
AN
DTR
AN
SCA
UC
ASI
AN
C
OU
NTR
IES
OC
EAN
IA
SOU
THA
MER
ICA
EAST
AN
D
SOU
TH-E
AST
ASI
A
OC
EAN
IA
NO
RTH
AM
ERIC
ASO
UTH
-EA
STER
NEU
RO
PE
NO
RTH
ERN
AFR
ICA
SOU
THA
SIA
CEN
TRA
LA
MER
ICA
NEA
R A
ND
MID
DLE
EA
ST/
SOU
TH-W
EST
ASI
A
EAST
ERN
EUR
OPE
Inte
rreg
ion
al t
raff
icki
ng
flo
ws
of
met
ham
ph
etam
ine,
201
2-20
15
Sign
ifica
nt f
low
s w
ithin
reg
ion
Cou
ntrie
s m
ost
freq
uent
ly r
epor
ted
as o
rigin
/dep
artu
re, t
rans
it or
des
tinat
ion
Met
ham
phet
amin
e flo
ws
repo
rted
by
a hi
gh n
umbe
r of
cou
ntrie
s
Met
ham
phet
amin
e flo
ws
repo
rted
by
a lo
w n
umbe
r of
cou
ntrie
s
12
WO
RLD
DRU
G R
EPO
RT 2
017
Ma
p 4
In
terr
egio
nal t
raffi
ckin
g flo
ws
of “
ecst
asy”
, 201
2-20
15
Sour
ce:
UN
OD
C,
resp
onse
s to
ann
ual r
epor
t qu
estio
nnai
re,
2012
-201
5.
Not
e: T
he o
rigin
s of
the
flo
w a
rrow
s do
not
nec
essa
rily
indi
cate
the
sou
rce/
man
ufac
ture
of
"ecs
tasy
". F
low
arr
ows
repr
esen
t th
e di
rect
ion
of "
ecst
asy"
tra
ffic
king
and
are
not
an
indi
catio
n of
the
qu
antit
y tr
affic
ked.
The
bou
ndar
ies
show
n on
thi
s m
ap d
o no
t im
ply
offic
ial e
ndor
sem
ent
or a
ccep
tanc
e by
the
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
. D
ashe
d lin
es r
epre
sent
und
eter
min
ed b
ound
arie
s. T
he d
otte
d lin
e re
pres
ents
app
roxi
mat
ely
the
Line
of
Con
trol
in J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ag
reed
upo
n by
Indi
a an
d Pa
kist
an.
The
final
sta
tus
of J
amm
u an
d K
ashm
ir ha
s no
t ye
t be
en a
gree
d up
on b
y th
e pa
rtie
s. T
he
final
bou
ndar
y be
twee
n th
e Su
dan
and
Sout
h Su
dan
has
not
yet
been
det
erm
ined
.
Can
ada
Uni
ted
Stat
es
of A
mer
ica
Aus
tral
ia
Chi
na
Russ
ian
Fede
ratio
n
Pola
nd
Rom
ania
Hun
gary
Spai
nIta
ly
Aus
tria
Net
herla
nds
Belg
ium
Ger
man
y
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Fran
ce
Irela
nd
Finl
and
Latv
iaD
enm
ark
etetN
etBe
lgBe
lgii
Belg
ig
Uni
ted
tedd
ttted
Kin
gdom
gdommmdo
mgdng
dgdN
Irela
ndndndgg
D
ggg FgiiittttDD
02.
000
km1.
000
Sour
ce: U
NO
DC
, res
pons
es t
o an
nual
rep
ort
ques
tionn
aire
, 201
2-20
15.
Not
e: T
he o
rigin
s of
the
flo
w a
rrow
s do
not
nec
essa
rily
indi
cate
the
sou
rce/
man
ufac
ture
of
ecst
asy.
Flo
w a
rrow
s re
pres
ent
the
dire
ctio
n of
ecs
tasy
tra
ffic
king
and
are
not
an
indi
catio
n of
the
qua
ntity
tra
ffic
ked.
Th
e bo
unda
ries
show
n on
thi
s m
ap d
o no
t im
ply
offic
ial e
ndor
sem
ent
or a
ccep
tanc
e by
the
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
. Das
hed
lines
rep
rese
nt u
ndet
erm
ined
bou
ndar
ies.
The
dot
ted
line
repr
esen
ts a
ppro
xim
atel
y th
e Li
ne o
f C
ontr
ol in
Jam
mu
and
Kas
hmir
agre
ed u
pon
by In
dia
and
Paki
stan
. The
fin
al s
tatu
s of
Jam
mu
and
Kas
hmir
has
not
yet
been
agr
eed
upon
by
the
part
ies.
The
fin
al b
ound
ary
betw
een
the
Suda
n an
d So
uth
Suda
n ha
s no
t ye
t be
en d
eter
min
ed. A
dis
pute
exi
sts
betw
een
the
Gov
ernm
ents
of
Arg
entin
a an
d th
e U
nite
d K
ingd
om o
f G
reat
Brit
ain
and
Nor
ther
n Ire
land
con
cern
ing
sove
reig
nty
over
the
Fal
klan
d Is
land
s (M
alvi
nas)
.
Sign
ifica
nt f
low
s w
ithin
reg
ion
Cou
ntrie
s m
ost
freq
uent
ly r
epor
ted
as o
rigin
/dep
artu
re, t
rans
it or
des
tinat
ion
“Ecs
tasy
” flo
ws
repo
rted
by
a hi
gh n
umbe
r of
cou
ntrie
s
“Ecs
tasy
” flo
ws
r epo
rted
by
a lo
w n
umbe
r of
cou
ntrie
s
WES
TER
NA
ND
CEN
TRA
LA
FRIC
A
WES
TER
NW
ESTE
RN
RN
WA
ND
CEN
TRA
LTR
AL
TRA
LEU
RO
PE
EAST
AN
DSO
UTH
-EA
STA
SIA
CEN
TRA
L A
SIA
AN
DTR
AN
SCA
UC
ASI
AN
C
OU
NTR
IES
OC
EAN
IA
SOU
THA
MER
ICA
EAST
AN
D
SOU
TH-E
AST
ASI
A
NO
RTH
AM
ERIC
A
OC
EAN
IA
NO
RTH
ERN
AFR
ICA
SOU
TH-
EAST
ERN
EUR
OPE
SOU
THA
SIA
NEA
R A
ND
MID
DLE
EA
ST/
SOU
TH-W
EST
ASI
A
EAST
ERN
EUR
OPE
CEN
TRA
LA
MER
ICA
Inte
rreg
ion
al t
raff
icki
ng
flo
ws
of
ecst
asy,
201
2-20
15
13
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
opiates
Number of countr ies report ing drug se izures, based on 168 countries , 2010-2015
153
cocaine
128
amphetamine-typestimulants
95
hallucinogens
cannabis
164 143
78
new psychoactivesubstances
67
sedatives,tranquillizers
864tons
132tons
52tons
57tons
113tons
90tons
587tons
7,317tons
6tons
opium
heroin & morphinepharmaceutical opioids
cocainecannabis (herb/resin)
“ecstasy”amphetamine
methamphetamine
synthetic NPS*
Quant it ies of drugs se ized in 2015
* 57 tons of which 34 tons represent seizures of GBL, ketamine and other medicines, see booklet 4.
Range of new psychoactive substances
continues to grow
reported in 2012
reported in 2015
260 N
PS 483 NPS
14
WO
RLD
DRU
G R
EPO
RT 2
017
DARKNET
drugtransactions
drugtransactions
DARKNET
Drug trafficking over the darknetstill small but fast growing
<1%
+50%increase
2015
2013
per year
smugglingof migrants
over 35 per cent ofall organized crime
groups involved
excise fraud
drug trafficking
traffickingin human
beings
organizedproperty
crime
Importance of organized crime groups, European Union
Source: UNODC, adapted from Europol, SOCTA 2017.
Kristy Kruithof and others, Internet-facilitated Drugs Trade: An Analysis of the Size, Scope and the Role of the Netherlands, Research Report Series (Santa Monica, California, Rand Corporation, 2016).
15
FACT SHEET ON STATISTICS AND TRENDS IN ILLICIT DRUGS
Sectors vulnerable to corruption in relation to drugs
Source: EUROSTAT.
DRUG PRODUCTION
DRUG CONSUMPTION
DRUG TRAFFICKING
• Eradication teams
• Alternative developmentprojects
• Law enforcement (police, customs, etc.)
• Criminal justice system
• Chemical companies
• Traffickers seek to avoid controls, dismantlement of groups and arrest
• Drug users seek to obtain prescriptions for non-medical use of drugs (e.g., opioids, ampheta-mines, medical cannabis)
• Law enforcement (police, customs, etc.)
• Criminal justice system
• Transport companies
• Farmers seek to avoid eradication on their fields
• Farmers and communities seek to benefit from alternative development investment
• Entrepreneurs seek to sell their products and services
• Producers and manufacturers seek to avoid controls, dismantlement of production sites and arrest
• Producers and manufacturers seek to avoid sentencing
• Manufacturers seek to divert precursor chemicals
• Traffickers seek to ship drugs by air, sea, land
• Drug users seek to obtain medicines without prescription
• Traffickers seek to avoid sentencing
• Medical doctors
• Pharmacies
ActorsVulnerable sectors
Supplychain