facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities
DESCRIPTION
Long-term patch dynamics in the community shaped by bivalves, barnacles, ascidians and red algae: multiple foundation species in the White Sea shallow subtidal. Eugene Yakovis Anna Artemieva Michael Fokin Marina Varfolomeeva Natalia Shunatova St.-Petersburg State University, Russia. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Long-term patch Long-term patch dynamics in the dynamics in the
community shaped by community shaped by bivalves, barnacles, bivalves, barnacles,
ascidians and red algae: ascidians and red algae: multiple foundation multiple foundation
species in the White Sea species in the White Sea shallow subtidalshallow subtidal
![Page 2: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
EugeneEugene Yakovis Yakovis Anna ArtemievaAnna Artemieva
MichaelMichael FokinFokin Marina Varfolomeeva Marina Varfolomeeva
Natalia ShunatovaNatalia Shunatova
St.-Petersburg StateUniversity, Russia
![Page 3: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Facilitation by foundation species shapes Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communitiesmany terrestrial and benthic communities
Communities with multiple functionally differentCommunities with multiple functionally differentfoundation species are poorly studiedfoundation species are poorly studied
![Page 4: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Locations: 12 m deep Site 1 and 15 m deep Site 2Locations: 12 m deep Site 1 and 15 m deep Site 2
Site 165° 01.2’N35° 39.7’E
The WhiteThe WhiteSeaSea
Site 265° 00.7’N35° 41.7’E
![Page 5: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Epibenthic patches (EPs) on the unstructured sedimentEpibenthic patches (EPs) on the unstructured sediment
![Page 6: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mean density of EPs Mean density of EPs (m–2): 21±2 (Site 1), 6±1 (Site 2)
![Page 7: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Species diversity in and around EPsSpecies diversity in and around EPs
epibenthic patches
H’ = 2.28±0.04(24±1 cm2 patches)
119 mobile species(72 polychaetes)
111 sessile species(64 bryozans)
unstructured sediment
H’=2.62±0.02 (55 cm2 cores)
101 mobile species(78 polychaetes)
![Page 8: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Biomass in and around EPsBiomass in and around EPs
epibenthic patches
wet weightof macrobenthic
organisms745 g/m2
unstructured sediment
wet weightof macrobenthic
organisms91 g/m2
![Page 9: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Overall species diversityOverall species diversity
H’ = 3.36±0.06
250 speciesin total
(16 x 1 m2 frame)
117±7 species per 1 m2 frame
![Page 10: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Epibenthic patches by primary substrate typeEpibenthic patches by primary substrate type
![Page 11: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Primary substrate types by total areaPrimary substrate types by total area
![Page 12: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Total weight of epibenthic organisms within the patchesTotal weight of epibenthic organisms within the patchesbased on different substrate typebased on different substrate type
![Page 13: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Live Live Serripes groenlandicusSerripes groenlandicus stays under the sediment stays under the sediment surface and never has sessile organisms attachedsurface and never has sessile organisms attached
![Page 14: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Sessile organisms can utilize a shell only Sessile organisms can utilize a shell only when a clam dieswhen a clam dies
![Page 15: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Sessile organisms can utilize a shell only Sessile organisms can utilize a shell only when a clam dieswhen a clam dies
Site 1: 6.7±2.9 live individualsof Serripes groenlandicus
per m2
Site 1: 1.8±0.4 unfouled valvesof Serripes groenlandicus
per m2 on the sediment surface
![Page 16: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Most sessile organisms live on secondary biogenicMost sessile organisms live on secondary biogenicsubstrates (% individuals)substrates (% individuals)
![Page 17: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Principal secondary space providers are barnacles andPrincipal secondary space providers are barnacles andtheir empty shells, ascidians and red algaetheir empty shells, ascidians and red algae
![Page 18: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
These are 15 top frequent associations between sessileThese are 15 top frequent associations between sessileorganisms and substrates … organisms and substrates …
![Page 19: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
… … and these are top 50and these are top 50
![Page 20: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Most live barnacles Most live barnacles Balanus crenatus Balanus crenatus are found on are found on primary substrate and conspecificsprimary substrate and conspecifics
![Page 21: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Most ascidians Most ascidians Styela spp.Styela spp. are found on barnacles and are found on barnacles andtheir empty shellstheir empty shells
![Page 22: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
As a result, epibenthic patches with following structureAs a result, epibenthic patches with following structuretypes are frequent:types are frequent:
![Page 23: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Some of them look like thisSome of them look like this
![Page 24: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The observed variation in structure of epibenthic The observed variation in structure of epibenthic patchespatches::
(i)(i) results from patch dynamicsresults from patch dynamics or or
(ii)(ii) is is just a product of spatial just a product of spatial heterogeneity and variable recruitmentheterogeneity and variable recruitment
??
predictions from predictions from (ii)(ii)::
>> the structure of patches would not depend much on the structure of patches would not depend much on their agetheir age
>> the age-dependent variation of structure would not the age-dependent variation of structure would not match one observed in EPsmatch one observed in EPs
![Page 25: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Number of initially empty Number of initially empty SerripesSerripes shells exposed shells exposed
Exposure (yrs)
1998 1999 2000 2003 2006 2007 2008 Total
1 2 8 10 12 12 44
2 13 13
3 10 10
4 8 4 12
5 12 4 16
6 9 9
7 10 10
8 12 12
9 10 10
10 18 18
Installed in (yr)
S = 34.4 ± 0.8 cm2
![Page 26: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1-2 yrs1-2 yrs
Serripesshell
Heteranomiasquamula
Balanuscrenatus
live
Balanuscrenatus
dead
PoriferaSpirorbide and serpulide worms
other bryozoans
Dendrobeania fruticosaEscharella sp.
Scrupocellaria arcticaStomachetosella cruenta
red algaebryozoans
![Page 27: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
3-4 yrs3-4 yrs
Serripesshell
Heteranomiasquamula
Balanuscrenatus
live
Balanuscrenatus
dead
PoriferaDendrobeania fruticosaSchizomavella lineata
Stomachetosella cruenta
bryozoansPorifera
red algae
red algae
![Page 28: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
5-6 yrs5-6 yrs
Serripesshell
Balanuscrenatus
live
Balanuscrenatus red algae
red algaebryozoans
Porifera
other bryozoans
Verruca stromiaDendrobeania fruticosaSchizomavella lineata
HeteranomiasquamulaStyela spp.
dead
![Page 29: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
7-8 yrs7-8 yrs
Serripesshell
Balanuscrenatus
live
Balanuscrenatus red algae
red algaehydrozoansbryozoans
Verruca stromiaDendrobeania fruticosa
Escharella spp.other bryozoans
dead
HeteranomiasquamulaStyela spp.
![Page 30: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
9-10 yrs9-10 yrs
Serripesshell
Balanuscrenatus
live
Balanuscrenatus red algae
red algae
Verruca stromiaHeteranomia squamulaDendrobeania fruticosaSchizomavella lineata
Escharella spp.
Styela coriaceaStyela rustica
dead
![Page 31: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Relative areas of principal substrates: Relative areas of principal substrates: shellsshells, , live barnacleslive barnacles, , dead barnaclesdead barnacles, , ascidiansascidians and and
red algaered algae by exposure term (shell area as 1) by exposure term (shell area as 1)
0
2
4
6
8
1 0
1 2
1 4
1-2 yrs1-2 yrs 3-4 yrs3-4 yrs 5-6 yrs5-6 yrs 7-8 yrs7-8 yrs 9-10 yrs9-10 yrs
![Page 32: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Relative abundance of sessile organisms (% ind.) on Relative abundance of sessile organisms (% ind.) on shellsshells, , live barnacleslive barnacles, , dead barnaclesdead barnacles, , ascidiansascidians,,
red algaered algae and and otherother substrates by exposure term substrates by exposure term
1-2 yrs1-2 yrs 3-4 yrs3-4 yrs 5-6 yrs5-6 yrs 7-8 yrs7-8 yrs 9-10 yrs9-10 yrs
![Page 33: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
MeanMean LogE Shannon diversity of epibenthic assemblages LogE Shannon diversity of epibenthic assemblageson on shellsshells, , live barnacleslive barnacles, , dead barnaclesdead barnacles, , ascidiansascidians,,
red algaered algae and and otherother substrates by exposure term substrates by exposure term
1-2 yrs1-2 yrs 3-4 yrs3-4 yrs 5-6 yrs5-6 yrs 7-8 yrs7-8 yrs 9-10 yrs9-10 yrs
![Page 34: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversity (stress=0.08)Shannon diversity (stress=0.08)
w/o substrate
on Serripes shells
on other substrates
on live snails
![Page 35: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity1-2 yrs1-2 yrs
![Page 36: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity3-4 yrs3-4 yrs
![Page 37: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity5-6 yrs5-6 yrs
![Page 38: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity7-8 yrs7-8 yrs
![Page 39: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity9-10 yrs9-10 yrs
![Page 40: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of nMDS of natural and experimental EPs on weights of ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and ascidians, live and dead barnacles, red algae and
Shannon diversityShannon diversity1-10 yrs1-10 yrs
1-21-23-43-45-65-67-87-8
9-109-10
![Page 41: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
The observed variation in structure of epibenthic The observed variation in structure of epibenthic patchespatches::
(i)(i) results from patch dynamicsresults from patch dynamics or or
(ii)(ii) is is just a product of spatial just a product of spatial heterogeneity and variable recruitmentheterogeneity and variable recruitment
??
predictions from predictions from (ii)(ii)::
>> the structure of patches would not depend much on the structure of patches would not depend much on their agetheir age
>> the age-dependent variation of structure would not the age-dependent variation of structure would not match one observed in EPsmatch one observed in EPs
![Page 42: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
The observed variation in structure of epibenthic The observed variation in structure of epibenthic patchespatches::
(i)(i) results from patch dynamicsresults from patch dynamics or or
(ii)(ii) is is just a product of spatial just a product of spatial heterogeneity and variable recruitmentheterogeneity and variable recruitment
??
predictions from predictions from (ii)(ii)::
>> the structure of patches would not depend much on the structure of patches would not depend much on their agetheir age
>> the age-dependent variation of structure would not the age-dependent variation of structure would not match one observed in EPsmatch one observed in EPs
![Page 43: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
The observed variation in structure of epibenthic The observed variation in structure of epibenthic patchespatches::
(i)(i) results from patch dynamicsresults from patch dynamics or or
(ii)(ii) is is just a product of spatial just a product of spatial heterogeneity and variable recruitmentheterogeneity and variable recruitment
??
predictions from predictions from (ii)(ii)::
>> the structure of patches would not depend much on the structure of patches would not depend much on their agetheir age
>> the age-dependent variation of structure would not the age-dependent variation of structure would not match one observed in EPsmatch one observed in EPs
![Page 44: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
The observed variation in structure of epibenthic The observed variation in structure of epibenthic patchespatches::
(i)(i) results from patch dynamicsresults from patch dynamics or or
(ii)(ii) is is just a product of spatial just a product of spatial heterogeneity and variable recruitmentheterogeneity and variable recruitment
??
predictions from predictions from (ii)(ii)::
>> the structure of patches would not depend much on the structure of patches would not depend much on their agetheir age
>> the age-dependent variation of structure would not the age-dependent variation of structure would not match one observed in EPsmatch one observed in EPs
![Page 45: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
CCrreeddiittss
Funding: RFBR grants Funding: RFBR grants № № 02-04-50020-a, 05-04-48927-a, 05-04-02-04-50020-a, 05-04-48927-a, 05-04-63041-k, 06-04-63077-k, 06-04-58536-z, 06-04-58537-z, 07-04-63041-k, 06-04-63077-k, 06-04-58536-z, 06-04-58537-z, 07-04-10075-k, 07-04-08366-z, 08-04-01373-a, 08-04-10109-k, 09-04-10075-k, 07-04-08366-z, 08-04-01373-a, 08-04-10109-k, 09-04-
10092-k, 10-04-08011-z10092-k, 10-04-08011-z
Alexander TcherenkovAlexander TcherenkovNadezhda TcherenkovaNadezhda Tcherenkova
Alexey GrishankovAlexey GrishankovAlexandra YakovisAlexandra Yakovis
Dmitry TomanovskyDmitry Tomanovsky
![Page 46: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
BBoonnuuss ttrraacckk
![Page 47: Facilitation by foundation species shapes many terrestrial and benthic communities](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062801/568143f0550346895db07604/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
a shellexposed for
9 yrs