facial muscle anatomy
DESCRIPTION
Facial Muscle Anatomy-based Solution for Forensic Facial Reconstruction in Sri LankaTRANSCRIPT
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Facial Muscle Anatomy-based Solution for Forensic Facial Reconstruction in Sri Lanka
University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC)
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Research Team
Group Members : Anuradha.K MadugallaRoshan. N RajapakseIshari .U AmarasingheVinavi .H Padmathilake
Supervisors : Dr. Anuja DharmaratneMr. K D Sandaruwan
Dr. M.Vidanapathirana
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Mass Disasters
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Forensic Identification
End of Process
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Problem Statement
Facial Reconstruction is not technically implemented in SriLanka due to :
Lack of Facial Tissue Thickness Data
Lack of Facial Feature Data
High Cost of Purchasable Solutions
Even the Manual Method is not implemented due to :
Requires a lot of time
Less productive
Lack of Expertise
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The Objectives
To introduce a feasible Computer based three dimensional facial reconstruction solution to Sri Lanka
To ConductTissue Thickness AnalysisFacial Component Analysis; for the First time in Sri Lanka
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Facial Reconstruction Types
Facial Reconsturction
2D Reconstruction
Manual Sketch
Computer assisted Sketch
3D Reconstruction
Manual Methods
Anthropometrical Anotomical
Combination
3D computer graphics based
Modeling
Sparse Approach
Dense Approach
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The Manual Method
1. Anthropometrical2. Anatomical
Abate, A. et al. (2004) FACES: 3D Facial reConstruction from anciEnt Skulls using
content based image retrieval. Journal of Visual Languages and Computing, vol. 15, pp. 373-389.
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3D computer graphics based Modeling
Andersson B. and Valfridsson M.(2005) Digital 3D Facial Reconstruction Based on Computed Tomography, Masters Thesis, Linkopings University
Davy et al. (2005) Computer-Graphic Facial Reconstruction:Forensic facial reconstruction using computer modelling software. Elsevier, pp.183-194.
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Semi-Automation
Reconstruction Method Advantages Disadvantages
Manual Reconstruction
Natural looking reconstructed face
Manual Skull models Clay sculpting
Automated Reconstruction
Quick skull models Clay material not
needed
Unrealistic Reconstructed Face
Our Solution-Semi Automated Reconstruction
Natural looking reconstructed face
Quick skull models Clay material not
needed
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Pre-requisite : Forensic AnalysisStep 01 : Acquiring the 3D modelStep 02 : Placement of LandmarksStep 03 : Digitally Sculpting the FaceStep 04 : Adding Facial Components
Solution Design
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Pre Requirement: Skull Analysis
Determine
Sex
Age
Performed by
Forensic Analysts
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Step 01:Skull Input
3D Scanner(Konica Minolta VIVID 910)
CT Scan (DICOM)
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Step 02:Skin Depth Markers
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Face Building
Studying Facial Muscle Anatomy
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Step 03: Procedure of Face Creation
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Step 04: Adding different Facial components/ Features
Most common Facial Features- Facial Component Analysis
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The Process
3D Editing Software Digital Sculpting Software
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Analysis performed Locally
Tissue Thickness Analysis Length of Landmarks
Facial Feature Analysis - Most common Facial Features of Sri Lankans
No data on Sri Lankans
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Tissue Thickness Data Gathering Procedure
Department of Radiology at
Colombo South Teaching Hospital
Central Hospital (Pvt) Ltd
Durdans Hospital (Pvt) Ltd
Age range: From 20 to 30
Weight: Medium weight
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Tissue Thickness Measuring
Different studies-different number of markers
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Facial Tissue Thickness Analysis: Observations
Considerable difference between different races
Sri Lankans have greater tissue thicknesses at points 10, 19, 20 and 21
Hence, New Facial Tissue Thickness data gathering is needed- Sri LankanBased
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Facial Component Analysis
Determine the most frequent indexes within the particular ageand gender
Conducted the survey
Age: 20 30 years
Sample: 500 male & female photographs
Components: Eyes and nose
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The Process
Capture Skull
Add Markers Muscle Sculpting
Final Model
Tissue Thickness Analysis
Facial Feature Analysis
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Case 01
Actual Photograph of the Deceased Reconstructed 3D Face Model
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Case 02
Actual Photograph of the Deceased Reconstructed 3D Face Model
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Case 03
CT rendered photograph of the patient Reconstructed 3D Face Model
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Case 04
CT rendered photograph of the patient Reconstructed 3D Face Model
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Evaluation Methods
Qualitative Methods
Face Pool Comparison
Quantitative Methods
Resemblance Rating
Assessment
Photogrammetry Analysis
Superimposition
Stephan CN and Henneberg M. Building faces from dry skulls: are they recognized above chance rates? J Forensic Sci 2001;46(3):432440.
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Qualitative Methods : Face Pool Comparison
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Qualitative Methods : Face Pool Comparison
http://facereconsurvey.appspot.com/
Results of Case 1
0 20 40 60 80 100
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
4th Person
5th Person
Number of Votes %
Po
siti
on
of
the
Ph
oto
grap
h
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Qualitative Methods : Face Pool Comparison
http://facereconsurvey2.appspot.com/
Results of Case 2
0 20 40 60 80 100
1st Person
2nd Person
3rd Person
4th Person
Number of Votes %
Po
siti
on
of
the
Ph
oto
grap
h
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Evaluation Methods
Qualitative Methods
Face Pool Comparison
Quantitative Methods
Resemblance Rating
Assessment
Photogrammetry Analysis
Superimposition
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Quantitative Methods : Resemblance Rating Assessment
Not at all Similar1
Not Similar2
Identifiable3
Fairly Similar4
Very Similar5
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Quantitative Methods : Resemblance Rating Assessment
http://facereconsurvey3.appspot.com/
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Overall Face The Nose The Mouth General Shape of the face
De
gre
e o
f R
ese
mb
lan
ce
Results of Case 3
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Quantitative Methods : Resemblance Rating Assessment
http://facereconsurvey4.appspot.com/
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
Overall Face Nose Mouth General Shape of the face
De
gre
e o
f R
ese
mb
lan
ce
Results of Case 4
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Evaluation Methods
Qualitative Methods
Face Pool Comparison
Quantitative Methods
Resemblance Rating
Assessment
Photogrammetry Analysis
Superimposition
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Quantitative Methods :Photogrammetry Analysis
Landmark Abbreviation
Midline landmarks
1 Nasion N
2 Subnasale Sn
3 Labrale superius Ls
4 Menton Me
Bilateral landmarks
5, 6 Endocanthion En
7, 8 Exocanthion Ex
9, 10 Alare Ala
11, 12 Cheilion Ch
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Quantitative Methods :Photogrammetry Analysis
Results of Case 1
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Quantitative Methods :Photogrammetry Analysis
Results of Case 3
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Evaluation Methods
Qualitative Methods
Face Pool Comparison
Quantitative Methods
Resemblance Rating
Assessment
Photogrammetry Analysis
Superimposition
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Quantitative Methods : Superimposition
Results of Case 1
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Quantitative Methods : Superimposition
Results of Case 3
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Uniqueness of Our Solution
Introducing Facial Reconstruction to Sri Lanka
A Novel Facial Muscle Sculpting based reconstruction method
Optimized Marker Placements
A Solution unique to Sri Lanka - Sri Lankan data (Tissue Thickness, Facial Feature) based solution
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Objectives Achieved
Problem 01 :
Lack of Tissue thickness data on Sri Lankans
Solution
Formulated a Facial Tissue Thickness model for Sri Lankans
Problem 02 :
Lack of Facial Feature data on Srilankans
Solution
Carried out a Facial Feature Analysis on Sri Lankans
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Objectives Achieved (Contd..)
Problem 03 :
Expert knowledge on facial reconstruction process
Solution
3D Sculpting based simplified process
Problem 04 :
Time Consuming (2-3 weeks)
Solution
Less time is required (4-5 hours)
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Difficulties Faced
Difficulty in acquiring a photograph of the deceased for evaluation purposes
Non availability of tissue thickness data
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Suggestions for Future Research
To conduct facial tissue thickness analysis within all the age groups in the Sri Lankan context
To carry out a facial component analysis among Sri Lankans including all the age ranges
To integrate the facial reconstruction methodology with the missing persons database
Archaeological studies
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The way forward.
Separate tissue thickness research by a team of consultants
More digital sculptors
First Forensic Facial Reconstruction Unit for Sri Lanka
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Concluding Remarks
Forensic Medical Officers
Police Investigators
Relatives and friends of the
Missing People
Archeologists
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Thank You !!!