facial divine proportions in attractive north indian females

8/17/2019 Facial Divine Proportions in Attractive North Indian Females

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Facial Divine Proportions in Attractive North Indian

Females: A Photographic Study

Anand Awadhesh Tripathi, Ragni Pradip Tandon, Navin Hantodkar

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to find the divine proportion in young attractive North

Indian women.

aterials and methods: Thirty young unmarried women perceived to be attractive out of

!! sub"ects #$%&' years age group( representing North Indian popu)ation were se)ected by a

pane) of "udges from different background. *ivine proportions were eva)uated in these

women by using Ricketts R+ #$&( *ivine Proportion Ana)ysis on fronta) facia)

photographs.

Results and o!servations: The sub"ects in the group adhered to the go)den proportions. The

-t- test was significant #t &.!/( for facia) height and width ratios.

Conclusion: Ratios in transverse and vertica) dimension as we)) as soft tissue of attractive

face affirm to the divine proportion.

"ey#ords: *ivine proportion, Attractive face, 0acia) width, 0acia) height.

$o# to cite this article: Tripathi AA, Tandon RP, Hantodkar N. 0acia) *ivine Proportions inAttractive North Indian 0ema)es1 A Photographic 2tudy. 3or)d 4 *ent &!567#(17%7'.

Source o% support: Ni)

Con%lict o% interest: None dec)ared

INTR&D'CTI&N

8eonardo *a 9inci pointed out the affinity between proportion and harmony when he ta)ked

of -proportiona) beauties of an ange)ic face-.

:eauty or facia) attractiveness of an individua) has a)most a)ways been a feature which causes

a favorab)e reaction in socia) interaction. 0acia) harmony and ba)ance are determined by

facia) ske)eton and its soft tissue drape. In facia) system, no such background information was

known unti) the beginning of anthropometries. Physica) appearance particu)ar)y where others

find it p)easing or disp)easing dramatica))y effects the behavior pattern in )ife. The

deve)opment of esthetic awareness begins ear)y in chi)dhood with the instinct -3hat is

beautifu)6 is good;-&

Harmony in a face e


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between these anatomic structures can be a)tered by both growth and orthodontic treatment, it

is essentia) for the orthodontist to understand his ro)e in making facia) beauty.5

Ricketts R+ #$&(& ana)y>ed the proportion between various facia) components and

proposed the magica) divine proportion #?ep)er, '!!(5 of -Phi #@(- i.e. 1.'$,7 #0ig. (

between the facia) structures -Phi- #0ig. &( has been re)ated to aspects of beauty and it has been a matter of curiosity for artists, mathematicians, scientists and phi)osophers.

There eed using Adobe Photo2hop C27 software.

0acia) photographs of the group were sub"ected to a se)ection process by a pane) of "udges %7

comprising of orthodontist, ora) and ma


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Fig* +: Fo)den divider showing go)den ratio

Fig* ,: The go)den ratio is divided

Fig* -: +ethod of taking a fronta) photo of sub"ect

(T$&DS

The facia) photographs were measured and ana)y>ed using digita) 9ernier ca)iper with nearest

of !.! mm accuracy.

Frontal Photographic easurements and Analysis

Transverse facia) measurement )andmarks are as fo))ows1


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. 8N%8atera) rim of a)a of nose.

&. CH%Chei)ion point at the ang)e of the mouth.

5. 8C%Point at the )atera) canthus of eye.

7. T2%Point at the )atera) border of temp)e at the )eve) of the eye.

9ertica) facia) measurement )andmarks are as fo))ows1

. $richion ($&)1 Point at beginning of hair on the forehead in young peop)e, which

corresponds to the point at the "unction of facia) and sku)) fascia.

&. 'ateral canthus of eye (')1 A point situated on the mid)ine of face corresponding to

superior border of a)ar curve of the nose.

5. "lar cure of the nose ("')1 Point situated on the mid)ine of nose corresponding to the

superior border of a)ar curve of nose.

7. heilion (*)1 +idpoint between the upper and )ower )ips se)ected at )eve) of

stomion.

/. Menton (M)1 Point corresponding with soft tissue menton at the )ower border of soft

tissue chin.

A)) possib)e intermeasurement ratios between the vertica) and transverse )andmarks of the

face was eva)uated for any statistica))y significant ratio e=uiva)ent to the go)den proportionconstant .'$ #divine proportion(.

STATISTICA) T&&)S

The statistica) ana)ysis was done using 2P22 #statistica) package for socia) sciences( version

/.! statistica) ana)ysis software. The va)ues were represented in number #G( and mean 2*.

The fo))owing statistica) formu)as were used1

. Mean1 To obtain the mean, the individua) observations were first added together and

then divided by the number of observation. The operation of adding together orsummation is denoted by the sign

The individua) observation is denoted by the sign J, number of observation denoted

by n, and the mean by


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&. +tandard deiation. If a samp)e is more than 5! then,σ1 It is denoted by the Freek

)etter

3hen samp)e in )ess than 5! then,

5. oefficient of ariance ()

CB9 K #2*mean(L!!

7. 2tandard error mean1 2M+ K 2* n means that thestandard deviation divided by

s=uare root of -n-. As number of samp)e increases 2M+ decrease, that is why it is

preferred to have greater number of samp)es.

/. ne-sa%le /t/ test

JAYPEE

acial Diine ro%ortions in "ttractie orth ndian eales " hotora%hic +tudy

3here

t K Bne samp)e t%test

K Popu)ation mean #in this case the divine ratio(

2 K 2tandard deviation for one samp)e t%test

J K 2amp)e mean

n K Number of observations in samp)e


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'. /t/ test critical alue1 0or one samp)e -t- test the critica) va)ue at /G confidence )eve)

and degree of freedom &, was ca)cu)ated to be &.!/, any va)ue above to this is

significant.

As -t- test e


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The vertica) ana)ysis inc)uded nine vertica) measurements from fronta) photograph #0ig. /( as

shown in Tab)e and Fraph . 2tatistica))y significant ratios between vertica)measurements

as tested by -t- test at t O6 &.!/G are shown inTab)e & and Fraph &.

World Journal of Dentistry, January-March 2013;4(1)41-4!

"nand "#adhesh $ri%athi et al


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p O6 !.!/1 2ignificant6 p O6 !.!1 High)y significant6 p O6 !.!!1 9ery high)y

significant

DISC'SSI&N

Resu)ts in this study on the facia) width proportion #transverse( ana)ysis showed withreference to -t- test critica) va)ue #&.!/( that T2%T218C%8C #width of the head at tempora) soft

tissue is go)den to )atera) width of eyes at the )atera) canthus6 &.&7(, T2%T21CH%CH #width

of head at tempora) soft tissue is go)den to width of mouth6 &.&7(, 8N%8N18C%8C #width of

nose is go)den to )atera) width of eyes at the )atera) canthus(, 8N%8N1CH%CH #width of nose

is go)den to width of mouth6 &.&/&(, where t 5.'/, was very high)y significant.

In our study we found T2%T218C%8C #width of the head at tempora) soft tissue is go)den to

)atera) width of eyes at the )atera) canthus( to be &.&7. This is simi)ar to the resu)ts found by

+i>umoto et a)$ who did a photographic ana)ysis on young 4apanese women and found that

the ratio T2%T218C%8C was .'&!.

3e a)so found that T2%T21CH%CH #width of head at tempora) soft tissue is go)den to width of

mouth6 &.&7(, 8N%8N18C%8C #width of nose is go)den to )atera) width of eyes at the )atera)

canthus(, 8N%8N1CH%CH #width of nose is go)den to width of mouth( is &.&/&. 2imi)ar)y

Proffit and 3hite reported a ratio of the widths of mouth and )ower face #&./(, in fronta)

facia) symmetry and conc)uded that the width of the base of the nose shou)d be

appro


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/raph ,: Ana)ysis of proportiona)ity of transverse and vertica) measurements

Bn photographic vertica) ana)ysis it was found that, the facia) structures which show go)den

re)ation to each other are 8C%+1TR%+ #)ower and mid anterior facia) height is go)den to tota)

facia) height(, !./$/6 TR%+1TR%A8 #upper and midfacia) height is go)den to tota) facia)

height(, ./$&6 8C%A81A8%+ #midfacia) height is go)den to )ower facia) height(, .'EE6 CH%

+18C%CH #)ower one%third of facia) height is go)den facia) height is go)den )ower one%third

of anterior facia) height, !.'7!6 8C%+18C%CH #upper mid one%third and )ower one%third is

go)den to )ower one%third of face(, .'E$6 CH%+1TR%8C #)ower one%third of facia) height is

go)den to upper two%third and mid one%third of face(, !./$&6 8C%A81TR%8C #mid one%third of

facia) height is go)den to upper two%third of face(, !./76 CH%+1A8%+ #showing )ower one%

third of face go)den to menton(, !.''$6 where t 5.'/ was very high)y significant.


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Fig* 1: 8andmarks and measurements for facia) height ana)ysis

3e found that 8C%+1TR%+ #)ower and mid anterior facia) height is go)den to tota) facia)

height( i5 #.E57( is within standard error of / to !/G, TR%+1TR%A8 #upper and

midfacia) height is go)den to tota) facia) height6 ./$&( within standard error ! to !G. This

was in accordance with the resu)ts of +i>umoto et a), $ who reported that the TR%+18C%+

was #.'&!( within standard error of E to !&G and TR%+1TR%A8 was #.'( with standard

error of !7G with the conc)usion that attractive faces has strong statistica) tendency toward

go)den ratio.

World Journal of Dentistry, January-March 2013;4(1)41-4!

"nand "#adhesh $ri%athi et al

In our study, we found 8C%A81A8%+ #midfacia) height is go)den to )ower facia) height6

.'EE(, which was c)ose to divine proportion. 2imi)ar resu)ts, i.e. #.'!!( were found by

+i>umoto et a)$ who conc)uded that the vertica) height of the midface, from the supraorbita)

ridges to the base of the nose, shou)d e=ua) the height of the )ower face, and in the )ower face,

the mouth shou)d be about one%third of the way between the base of the nose and the chin.

In our study we found &.$! to &.!$G #percentage( deviation from idea) va)ues of transverseand vertica) reference distances in sub"ects6 whereas 0erring and Pancher>&! showed that the

average percentage deviation varied between !./ and $./G for fema)e sub"ect, indicating

that divine proportion is rare)y achieved in ordinary peop)e.

Bur study considered /G of 2M+ deviation from divine proportion. 2ub"ects inc)uded in the

study eed the beautifu) faces of cover mode)s, the respective deviation were

on)y &.' and 7.7 to /.!G in women. This shows that attractive faces e


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C&NC)'SI&N

The present study was conducted to ana)y>e the structura) morpho)ogy of esthetica))y

attractive faces in North Indian fema)es and to assess the significance to divine proportion

using photographs.

Conc)usion derived was1

Photographic transverse and vertica) facia) proportions showed high significance to divine

proportion.

This shows that the under)ying hard tissue has a significant re)ationship with facia)

attractiveness.

However, one must consider the #n( number of various measurements that can be made in an

area as anatomica))y comp)icated as human sku)) and further study re)ative to this

mathematica) re)ationship is needed before ascertaining its imp)ication as an important parameter for achieving esthetic harmony.

R(F(R(NC(S

. +atou)a 2, Pancher> H. 2ke)etofacia) morpho)ogy of attractive and nonattractive

faces. Ang)e Brthod &!!'6E'1&!7%!.

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Brthod *entofacia) Brthop '76/!17&%55.

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anthropometric approach. Ang)e Brthod $&6/&1EE%&&.

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76!/1/&%5.

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E76E51'7$%/E.

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!6E1&%5!7.

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Am 4 Brthod *entofacia) Brthop &6!1/7%$.


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Reconstr 2urg &!!'651E/E%E7

facial divine proportions in attractive north indian females

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