faces of the internet

8/15/2019 Faces of the Internet

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FACES OF

THE

INTERNET


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WHAT IS THE INTERNET?

The Internet is a global system of interconnected

com!ter net"or#s that !se the standard Internet

rotocol s!ite $TC%&I%' to ser(e billions of !sers

"orld"ide)

It is a net"or# of net"or#s that consists of millions of

ri(ate* !blic* academic* b!siness* and go(ernment

net"or#s* of local to global scoe* that are lin#ed by a broad

array of electronic* "ireless and otical net"or#ing

technologies)

The Internet carries an e+tensi(e range of informationreso!rces and ser(ices* s!ch as the inter,lin#ed

hyerte+t doc!ments of the World Wide Web $WWW'

and the infrastr!ct!re to s!ort email)


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History-

The history of the Internet began "ith the de(eloment of electronic com!ters in the./01s) The !blic "as first introd!ced to the concets that "o!ld lead to the Internet"hen a message "as sent o(er the AR%ANet from com!ter science %rofessor2eonard 3leinroc#4s laboratory at 5ni(ersity of California* 2os Angeles $5C2A'* afterthe second iece of net"or# e6!iment "as installed at Stanford Research Instit!te$SRI') %ac#et s"itched net"or#s s!ch as AR%ANET* 7ar# I at N%2 in the 53*C8C2A9ES* 7erit Net"or#* Tymnet* and Telenet* "ere de(eloed in the late ./:1s andearly ./;1s !sing a (ariety of rotocols) The AR%ANET in artic!lar led to the

de(eloment of rotocols for internet"or#ing* in "hich m!ltile searate net"or#sco!ld be * the Internet rotocol s!ite$TC%&I%' "as standardied* and conse6!ently* the concet of a "orld,"ide net"or# ofinterconnected TC%&I% net"or#s* called the Internet* "as introd!ced) Access to theAR%ANET "as e+anded in ./=. "hen the National Science Fo!ndation $NSF'de(eloed the Com!ter Science Net"or# $CSNET' and again in ./=: "hen NSFNETro(ided access to s!ercom!ter sites in the 5nited States from research anded!cation organiations) CommercialInternet ser(ice ro(iders $IS%s' began to emergein the late ./=1s and early .//1s) The AR%ANET "as decommissioned in .//1) The

Internet "as commercialied in .//0 "hen NSFNET "as decommissioned* remo(ingthe last restrictions on the !se of the Internet to carry commercial traffic)Since the mid,.//1s* the Internet has had a re(ol!tionary imact on c!lt!re and commerce* incl!dingthe rise of near,instant comm!nication by electronic mail* instant messaging* @oiceo(er Internet %rotocol $@oI%' hone calls* t"o,"ay interacti(e (ideo calls* and theWorld Wide Web "ith its disc!ssion for!ms* blogs* social net"or#ing* and onlineshoing sites)


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The internet rotocol s!ite-

The Internet protocol suite is the set of communications protocols usedfor the Internet and similar networks, and generally the most popularprotocol stack for wide area networks. It is commonly known asTCP/IP, because of its most important protocols: TransmissionControl Protocol (TCP and Internet Protocol (IP, which were thefirst networking protocols defined in this standard. TCP pro!ides acommunication ser!ice at an intermediate le!el between anapplication program and the Internet Protocol (IP.The InternetProtocol is responsible for addressing hosts and for routingdatagrams (packets from a source host to a destination host acrossone or more IP networks. "or this purpose, the Internet Protocoldefines the format of packets and pro!ides an addressing system

that has two functions: identifying hosts and pro!iding a logicallocation ser!ice. The first ma#or !ersion of IP, Internet Protocol$ersion % (IP!%, is the dominant protocol of the internet. Itssuccessor is Internet Protocol $ersion & (IP!&.


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Ho" TC%&I% rotocol "or#s-


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The domain name system-

The 9omain Name System $9NS' is a hierarchical distrib!ted namingsystem for com!ters* ser(ices* or any reso!rce connected to theInternet or a ri(ate net"or#) It associates (ario!s information "ithdomain names assigned to each of te articiating entities) 7ostrominently* it translates easily memorised domain names to then!merical I% addresses needed for the !rose of locating com!ter

ser(ices and de(ices "orld"ide) By ro(iding a "orld"ide* distrib!ted#ey"ord,based redirection ser(ice* the 9omain Name System is anessential comonent of the f!nctionality of the Internet)An often,!sedanalogy to e+lain the 9omain Name System is that it ser(es as thehone boo# for the Internet by translating h!man,friendly com!terhostnames into I% addresses) For e+amle* the domain name""")e+amle)com translates to the addresses ./>)1)D).1 $I%(' and>11.-011-==->11--.1 $I%(:') 5nli#e a hone boo#* the 9NS can be6!ic#ly !dated* allo"ing a ser(ice4s location on the net"or# tochange "itho!t affecting the end !sers* "ho contin!e to !se the samehost name) 5sers ta#e ad(antage of this "hen they !se meaningf!l5niform Reso!rce 2ocators $5R2s' and e,mail addresses "itho!tha(ing to #no" ho" the com!ter act!ally locates the ser(ices)


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Connection Tyes-

' %STN

' IS9N

' Cable Internet&Cable 7odem

' 9S2

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