fabric formwork - the state-of-the-art and future ende
TRANSCRIPT
Fabric Formwork
The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
Diederik Veenendaal, M.Sc.ETH Zürich, Witteveen + BosJune 15th 2010
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Contents
• Introduction
• Possibilities (by current example)
• Engineering
• Beams
• Thesis research
• Developments
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Introduction.
Introduction
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Oxymorons
Introduction
“Fabric formwork is an oxymoron.” – A.-M. Manelius
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Oxymorons
Introduction
Concrete can be pretty ugly, or awfully nice.
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Definition
Introduction
What is fabric formwork? What are membrane moulds?
General definition:
Moulds where the contact surface is primarily made of supported, (pre-)stressed membranes.
Connotations of fabric formwork:
• woven polymer fabrics for the membrane
• intended for the (direct*) casting of concrete
• low-tech; no energy use during operation
*prior to 2009
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Possibilities.
Possibilities
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Current applications
Possibilities
Structural engineering
• Foundations
• Walls and wall panels
• Columns
• Beams
• Floors
• Shells
Industrial design
• Furniture
• Sinks
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Casa Dent, Puerto Rico, 2001
Possibilities
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Possibilities
Open City, Chile, 2003-present
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Black Treehouse, U.S., 2007
Possibilities
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Hanil Guest House, South Korea, 2009
Possibilities
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts
Possibilities
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Design.
Design
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Design aspects
Design
Fabric formwork; a special case of tensile structures?
• membrane
• prestress
• non-linear, bi-axial
• form-active
• equilibrium
• physical/computational
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Physical modelling
Design
“If you can make it small, you can make it large.” – M.West
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Engineering
Design
Computational modelling? Design rules?
Completed (quantitative/engineering) research:
• Various papers on ‘ Controlled Permeability Formwork’ (back to 1987)
• Design and analysis of fabric formed concrete panels (U.S., 2004)
• Design and analysis of double curved shells (Belgium, 2008-present)
• Physical testing of fabric formed beams (U.K., 2007-2009)
• Physical testing of fabric formed beams (Canada, 2008-present)
• Evolutionary optimization of fabric formed beams (Netherlands, 2008)
• Design and analysis of columns (Belgium, 2009)
• Design and analysis of fabric formed structural elements (U.K., 2009-present)
• Structurally informed design of fabric formed systems (Switzerland, 2010-present)
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Conclusions on fabric formwork
Fabric formwork remains of interest due to:
• low-tech character and material efficiency, compatible with economic considerations and current interest in sustainability,
• free-form character, compatible with current architectural trends and inherent possibilities of fluid concrete
However,
• research is limited, and collaboration is minimal
• design theory is lacking due to hands-on approach of current researchers
• practical applications remain relatively simplistic and full potential has not been commercially explored
• industrialization, or automation, is not clear at this time
Conclusions
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Beams.
Beams
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prestressing
edge width
keel height
spacer width
pinch point/’impacto’
fluid pressure
Pinch mold
Beams
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Pinch mold
Beams
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Thesis research.
Thesis research
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Acknowledgements
Vambersky
Jeroen Coenders
Pierre Hoogenboom
Cor van der Veen
Mark West
prof. dipl.-ing.
ir.
dr. ir.
dr. ir.
prof.
Thesis research
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Optimizing beams
Bi-directional Evolutionary Structural Optimization, or BESO
Manufacturable?
Thesis research
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Proposed optimization
Thesis research
Evolutionary optimization of fabric formed beams
3. Form-finding (analogous to tensile structures, using dynamic relaxation)
6. Analysis (Finite Element Analysis)
11. Optimization (genetic algorithm, specifically differential evolution)
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Dynamic Relaxation
FabricFormer
Thesis research
Input:
• Loads
• Supports
• Span
• Materials
Output:
• Mold geometry
• Beam geometry
• Prestressing
• Performance
Optimization
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Variables for fabric formwork
Thesis research
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Perform analysis Calculate performance
Stiffness
VolumePerformance =
Thesis research
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FabricFormer
Thesis research
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FabricFormer
Thesis research
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FabricFormer
Equal volume, equal w/h ratio
91% less deflection
Equal volume, equal h
78% less deflection
Equal h, equal deflection
58% less volume
Thesis research
Linear comparison with rectangular beam
deflection
hh
w
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Conclusions on thesis
Optimization and manufacturability
• have been explicitly combined,
• have been combined within a functional design tool,
• with manufacturable, optimized results with respect to stiffness over volume
Conclusions
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Developments
Developments.
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Doctoral research at ETH Zürich
Developments
Structurally informed design of fabric formed systems
• Exploring the value of fabric formwork
• Comprehensive literature study
• Developing parametric design tools for fabric formwork
– Form-finding that includes folding and/or cutting patterns
– Efficient analysis (fast, approximate methods versus advanced meshing and analysis methods)
– Rebar design
• Imagining new geometries, new structural systems
… and allowing for the visions of others:
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Texas Tech, U.S.
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MIT, U.S.
Developments
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San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, U.S.
Developments
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Architectural Association, U.K.
Developments
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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University of Manitoba, Canada
Developments
Fabric Formwork The state-of-the-art and future endeavors
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Thank you for your attention!