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CHAPTER 6 : LAND & ITS

RESOURCES

6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust6.2 : Reactions of Metals with Non-

metals 6.3 : Silicon Compounds

6.4 : Calcium Compounds

6.5 : Natural Fuel Resources

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6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust What are Minerals ?

• Natural elementsor compoundspresent in theEarth’s Crust.

• They are found asfree elements asthey are inactiveelements which donot combine withother elements .

• Including : – Gold, silver,

platinum,antimony, arsenic,iron (in meteorites),

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The Properties of Some Minerals

Metal Oxides • Hard • Insoluble in water (except oxides of potassium,

sodium, calcium, magnesium) • Dissolves in water to form alkaline solutions eg

potassium hydroxide solution / sodiumhydroxide solution

• Do not decompose on heating (except mercury

oxide & silver oxide)

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6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust

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The Properties of Some Minerals

Metal Oxides • If a metal is less active than carbon, its oxide

will decompose when heated with carbon –more active carbon will pull the oxygenaway from the metal

• This is used to smelt tin ore / iron ore toobtain pure tin & iron

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6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust

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The Properties of Some Minerals

Metal Carbonates • Most are hard that cannot be scratched with a

steel knife • Insoluble in water (except potassium

carbonate/ sodium carbonate) • Decompose on strong heating to release carbon

dioxide (except potassium carbonate/ sodiumcarbonate)

• Potassium and sodium are very active elements

– they hold on to carbonates very strongly

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6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust

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The Properties of Some Minerals

Metal sulphides • Most are hard that • Insoluble in water (except potassium sulphide/

sodium sulphide) •

Decompose on heating to release sulphurdioxide (except potassium sulphide/ sodiumsulphide)

• Sulphur dioxide is an acidic pungent gas. It turnspurple acidified potassium manganate (VII) to

colourless

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6.1 : Minerals in the Earth’s Crust

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Activity

SeriesofMetals

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