FUNCTIONAL GROUPS

Organic Reactions

C

H

H

H

ClH Cl

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

HydrocarbonHalogen MoleculeHalocarbonHydracid

Chloromethane

CH3ClCH4 Cl2 CH(4-1)Cl HCl++ →

C

H

HHH

Cl Cl C

H

ClHH

H Cl++ →

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

MethaneChlorineMolecule

HydrochloricAcid

++ →

C

H

H

H

Cl-H Cl

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

Hydrocarbon2Halogen Molecules

HalocarbonDisubstituted

2Hydracids

Cl Cl

CH(4-2)ClDichloromethane

CH2Cl2CH42Cl2 2HCl++ →

C

H

HHH

2Cl Cl C

Cl

ClHH

2H Cl++ →

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

Methane2

ChlorineMolecule

2Hydrochloric

Acid++ →

‐ For every halogen substitution you need:‐ Only 1 Hydrocarbon Molecule for all the substitutions as long as it has enough Hydrogens

‐ 1 Halogen Molecule with 2 atoms of the same halogen

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

‐ For every halogen substitution you produce:‐Only 1 Halocarbon Molecule with all the substitutions.‐1 Hydrogen atom less and 1 Halogen atom more

‐ 1 Hydracid Molecule of that Halogen

HALOGEN SUBSTITUTON REACTION

C

HH

Cl Cl

HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION

UnsaturtedHydrocarbon

Halogen Molecule

DisubstitutedHalocarbon

C

HH

Dichloroethane

C2H4Cl2C2H4 Cl2+ →

Cl Cl+ →

EtheneChlorineMolecule+ →

HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION

C

H

HC

H

HC

H

HC

H

HCl Cl

‐ For every halogen addition you need:‐ Only 1 Unsaturated Hydrocarbon Molecule for all the additions as long as it has enough Double or Triple bonds

‐ 1 Halogen Molecule with 2 atoms of the same halogen

HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION

‐For every halogen addition you produce:‐Only 1 Halocarbon Molecule with all the additions.‐2 Halogen atom more

HALOGEN ADDITION REACTION

3-methy

l

Name the

Biggest Hydroca

rbon Chain

Name the

Alkyl Branche

s

Name the Halogen BranchesFluorine=

Fluoro Chlorine=

ChloroBromine=

BromoIodine=

Iodo

Select and

Number the

Biggest Hydroca

rbon Chain

4 Carbons

NAMING HALOCARBONS

CH3

CH3

C

CH3

C

CH3

Cl

Cl Br

4 Carbons5 Carbons Pentane

=

1

2

5

4

3

2-bromo

2,3-dichloro

Arrange the

Branches in

Alphabetical

Order

PERFECT!

‐ An alcohol is an organic compound in which a hydroxyl group replaces a hydrogen atom of a hydrocarbon.

‐ General Formula

R-OH‐ Name it the same as alkanes but

change the ending -e for –ol and add the position of the OH.

‐ If there are more than one OH, don’t eliminate the -e, put their positions, and put a prefix (d,tri,tetra, etc.)

ALCOHOLS

‐ An amine is an organic compoud that contain nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in rings.

‐ General Formula

R-NH2

‐ Name it the same as alcohols but change the ending -ol for –amine and the hydrocarbon part is named like a branch (except for more than one NH2).

AMINES

‐ An ether is an organic compound containing an oxygen atom bonded to two carbon atoms.

‐ General Formula

R-O-R’‐ Name it by naming both hydrocarbon chains as branches and add the ending ether

ETHERS