eye conditions the gp can manage or should recognise"
DESCRIPTION
Eye conditions the GP can manage or should recognise". Mitch Menage Consultant Eye Surgeon Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust. GP Meeting March 2014. Blepharitis. Chronic inflammation of the lid margins Common Remitting Range of ages Bilateral Often misdiagnosed as conjunctivitis. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Eye conditions the GP can manage or should recognise"
Eye conditions the GP can manage or should recognise"
Mitch Menage
Consultant Eye Surgeon
Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust
Mitch Menage
Consultant Eye Surgeon
Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust
GP Meeting March 2014GP Meeting March 2014
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BlepharitisBlepharitis
Chronic inflammation of the lid margins Common Remitting Range of ages Bilateral Often misdiagnosed as conjunctivitis
Chronic inflammation of the lid margins Common Remitting Range of ages Bilateral Often misdiagnosed as conjunctivitis
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BlepharitisBlepharitisBlepharitisBlepharitis Lid anatomy Types Associated conditions Symptoms Signs Treatment
Lid anatomy Types Associated conditions Symptoms Signs Treatment
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Lid anatomyLid anatomyMeibomian/tarsal glands
Glands of Zeiss and Moll
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Lid anatomyLid anatomy
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Blepharitis-TypesBlepharitis-Types
Anterior –staphylococcal/dandruff
Yellow flakes on lid margin
Posterior sebborhoeic Inflamed red oily lid edges
Anterior –staphylococcal/dandruff
Yellow flakes on lid margin
Posterior sebborhoeic Inflamed red oily lid edges
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BlepharitisBlepharitis
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Staphylococcal BlepharitisStaphylococcal Blepharitis
More common young patients Chronic infection of base of lashes Staph. Aureus Associated with styes Secondary
Papillary conjunctivitis Punctate corneal erosions Marginal keratitis
More common young patients Chronic infection of base of lashes Staph. Aureus Associated with styes Secondary
Papillary conjunctivitis Punctate corneal erosions Marginal keratitis
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Seborrhoeic BlepharitisSeborrhoeic Blepharitis
More common older patients Excessive lipid secretion meibomian glands
Meibomitis/MGD
Lid commensals break down to free fatty acids Shiny waxy lids with greasy lashes Secondary
Papillary conjunctivitis Punctate corneal erosions
More common older patients Excessive lipid secretion meibomian glands
Meibomitis/MGD
Lid commensals break down to free fatty acids Shiny waxy lids with greasy lashes Secondary
Papillary conjunctivitis Punctate corneal erosions
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Acne RosaceaAcne Rosacea
Strongly associated with seborrhoeic blepharitis Mild forms not diagnosed
Strongly associated with seborrhoeic blepharitis Mild forms not diagnosed
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Blepharitis-SymptomsBlepharitis-SymptomsBlepharitis-SymptomsBlepharitis-Symptoms
Sore burning itching irritation of lids Grittiness and watering Mild stickiness particularly on waking Red lid margins Dry eyes
Sore burning itching irritation of lids Grittiness and watering Mild stickiness particularly on waking Red lid margins Dry eyes
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SignsSignsSignsSigns
Red lid margins Greasy material along margin of lids Clogging of meibomian gland openings Mild conjunctival injection Punctate corneal staining Acne Rosacea Styes/chalazions
Red lid margins Greasy material along margin of lids Clogging of meibomian gland openings Mild conjunctival injection Punctate corneal staining Acne Rosacea Styes/chalazions
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ChalazionChalazion
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TreatmentTreatmentTreatmentTreatment
Patient education! Lid hygiene cotton buds/baby shampoo Hot compresses
Warm flannel 5 mins Eyebag
Lubricants Antibiotic gel/ointments Oral antibiotic Doxycycline/Limecycline
Intermittent steroid ointment
Patient education! Lid hygiene cotton buds/baby shampoo Hot compresses
Warm flannel 5 mins Eyebag
Lubricants Antibiotic gel/ointments Oral antibiotic Doxycycline/Limecycline
Intermittent steroid ointment
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EyebagEyebag
www.eyebagcompany.com
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Dry EyesDry EyesDry EyesDry Eyes
Lacrimal apparatus Tear Film Causes/Associated Conditions Symptoms Signs Treatment
Lacrimal apparatus Tear Film Causes/Associated Conditions Symptoms Signs Treatment
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Lacrimal anatomyLacrimal anatomyLacrimal anatomyLacrimal anatomy
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Tear filmTear filmTear filmTear film
Several layers Lipid outer Aqueous Mucin inner
Quantity/Quality
Several layers Lipid outer Aqueous Mucin inner
Quantity/Quality
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Tear filmTear film
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Causes of Dry EyeCauses of Dry Eye‘Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca’‘Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca’
Causes of Dry EyeCauses of Dry Eye‘Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca’‘Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca’
Lacrimal gland aging
Strongly associated with blepharitis
Inflammatory conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Sjogrens Syndrome
Laser refractive surgery
Lacrimal gland aging
Strongly associated with blepharitis
Inflammatory conditions
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sarcoidosis
Sjogrens Syndrome
Laser refractive surgery
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Sjogren’s SyndromeSjogren’s SyndromeSjogren’s SyndromeSjogren’s Syndrome
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Sjogrens SyndromeSjogrens Syndrome Very severe dry eyes Middle-aged women KCS/Xerostomia and vasculitic disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis SLE Scleroderma Polyarteritis
Blood tests ANA 70% SSA(RO) 70% SSB (LA) 40% RhF 60%
Very severe dry eyes Middle-aged women KCS/Xerostomia and vasculitic disease
Rheumatoid Arthritis SLE Scleroderma Polyarteritis
Blood tests ANA 70% SSA(RO) 70% SSB (LA) 40% RhF 60%
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SymptomsSymptoms
Feel dry (Can be watery!)
No relation to emotional tearing
Gritty burning eyes
Worsening through day peak in evening
Worsened by reading, TV, computer
Worsened by air conditioning, central heating, dry
arid conditions
Feel dry (Can be watery!)
No relation to emotional tearing
Gritty burning eyes
Worsening through day peak in evening
Worsened by reading, TV, computer
Worsened by air conditioning, central heating, dry
arid conditions
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SignsSigns
Often none!
Poor tear film on SL with rapid break-up time
Punctate staining of cornea inferiorly
Filament strands of mucus on cornea
Schirmers test
Often none!
Poor tear film on SL with rapid break-up time
Punctate staining of cornea inferiorly
Filament strands of mucus on cornea
Schirmers test
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SignsSignsRapid tear break-up time
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SignsSignsRose Bengal staining
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SignsSignsMucus Filaments
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Schirmers TestSchirmers Test
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Treatment - LifestyleTreatment - LifestyleTreatment - LifestyleTreatment - Lifestyle
Avoid dry situations Car heater Air conditioners Irritants cigarette smoke etc.
Drugs BP, antidepressant, antihistamine etc Increase humidity
Plants, wet towels, radiator trays etc.
Humidity chambers Wraparound glasses Swim goggles
Avoid dry situations Car heater Air conditioners Irritants cigarette smoke etc.
Drugs BP, antidepressant, antihistamine etc Increase humidity
Plants, wet towels, radiator trays etc.
Humidity chambers Wraparound glasses Swim goggles
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Treatment-LubricantsTreatment-LubricantsTreatment-LubricantsTreatment-Lubricants
Liquid drops
Frequent application
Gels
More blurring
Ointments
Usually only at night
Nocturnal lagophthalmos
Preservative free?
Liquid drops
Frequent application
Gels
More blurring
Ointments
Usually only at night
Nocturnal lagophthalmos
Preservative free?
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Liquid LubricantsLiquid Lubricants
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Gel LubricantsGel Lubricants
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OintmentsOintments
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Other TreatmentsOther Treatments
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TreatmentTreatment Anti-inflammatory
Steroid
Cyclosporin –Restasis
Antimucolytic
acetylcysteine –Ilube
Oral pilocarpine-Salagen
Usually only in Sjogrens
Side effects/limited efficacy
Anti-inflammatory
Steroid
Cyclosporin –Restasis
Antimucolytic
acetylcysteine –Ilube
Oral pilocarpine-Salagen
Usually only in Sjogrens
Side effects/limited efficacy
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TreatmentTreatment
Punctal occlusion
Cautery
Plastic Plugs
Smartplugs
Punctal occlusion
Cautery
Plastic Plugs
Smartplugs
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Punctal CauteryPunctal Cautery
Simple procedure under L/A
Often preceded by temporary trial occlusion
Cautery inserted into punctum/canaliculus
Sometimes not successful
Permanent and difficult to reverse
More common to use temporary plugs first
Simple procedure under L/A
Often preceded by temporary trial occlusion
Cautery inserted into punctum/canaliculus
Sometimes not successful
Permanent and difficult to reverse
More common to use temporary plugs first
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Punctal PlugsPunctal PlugsPunctal PlugsPunctal Plugs
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SmartplugsSmartplugs
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Age-Related CataractAge-Related Cataract
Definition Symptoms Examination Common Clinical Types
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DefinitionDefinition
Change in clarity of human lens Commonly an ageing change – a
normal degeneration throughout life ‘Cataract’ – significant effect on vision Often optometrist ‘unable to help with
change of glasses’
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SymptomsSymptoms
Rapid change in spectacle prescription – myopic shift
Blurring near and distance Glare No pain, watering, redness
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ExaminationExamination
Competent visual acuity Dilating drops
Direct Ophthalmoscope
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Common TypesCommon Types
Nuclear sclerosis
Cortical
Posterior Subcapsular
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Anatomy
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Nuclear
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Cortical
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PSCLO
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Acute Angle ClosureAcute Angle Closure(Glaucoma)(Glaucoma)
Incidence increases with age peak ~70 years 0.1% incidence in UK Effect of cataract
surgery 3/4x commoner in females Associated with hypermetropia (long sight) Normally unilateral
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CauseCause Shallow
anterior chamber with narrow angle
Pupil block Angle occlusion
with rapid severe elevation of IOP
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SymptomsSymptoms
Intermittent discrete episodes of aching of eye with blurring/halos Semi–dilated pupil dim light Evening onset Goes away after sleep
Full attack Increasing intensity pain - vomiting/distress Progressively severe blurring Will not resolve without treatment
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SignsSigns
Red eye circumciliary injection Fixed unreactive semi–dilated oval pupil Hard very tender eye with high IOP