extrasolar planets & the power of the dark side
DESCRIPTION
Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side. David Charbonneau California Institute of Technology www.astro.caltech.edu/~dc. Fermilab – 24 April 2002. Gravitational Wobble. Gravitational Wobble. First Planet Detected 51 Pegasi – November 1995. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Extrasolar Planets &Extrasolar Planets &The Power of the Dark SideThe Power of the Dark Side
David CharbonneauDavid Charbonneau
California InstituteCalifornia Institute
of Technologyof Technology
www.astro.caltech.edu/~dcwww.astro.caltech.edu/~dc
Fermilab – 24 April 2002
![Page 2: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Gravitational WobbleGravitational Wobble
![Page 3: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Gravitational WobbleGravitational Wobble
![Page 4: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
First Planet DetectedFirst Planet Detected51 Pegasi – November 199551 Pegasi – November 1995
![Page 5: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
First Planet System DetectedFirst Planet System DetectedUpsilon Andromedae – April 1999Upsilon Andromedae – April 1999
Used with permission of the artist.
![Page 6: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
The Radial Velocity SurveysThe Radial Velocity Surveys
![Page 7: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Masses of Extrasolar PlanetsMasses of Extrasolar Planets
![Page 8: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Close-In Extrasolar Giant PlanetsClose-In Extrasolar Giant Planetsand Planetary Migrationand Planetary Migration
![Page 9: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Protoplanetary DisksProtoplanetary DisksAround Young StarsAround Young Stars
D. Padgett (IPAC/Caltech), M. McCaughrean (A I Potsdam), C. Burrows (STScI), K. Stapelfeldt (JPL/Caltech)
![Page 10: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Transits:Transits:A Little Closer To Home…A Little Closer To Home…
Where will you be June 8, 2004?
![Page 11: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Transit CharacteristicsTransit Characteristics ProbabilityProbability
pptt = R = Rstarstar / a / a
= 0.1= 0.1
DepthDepthI / I = (RI / I = (Rplpl / R / Rstarstar))22
= 0.01= 0.01
PeriodPeriodP = 3 – 7 daysP = 3 – 7 days
DurationDurationt = 3 hourst = 3 hours
![Page 12: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
The Observational ChallengeThe Observational Challenge
The fraction of stars with transits is:The fraction of stars with transits is:
f = ff = fss f fMSMS f fCEGPCEGP p ptt
ffss = fraction of stars that are single = fraction of stars that are single = 0.5= 0.5
ffMSMS = fraction of those on the main sequence = fraction of those on the main sequence = 0.5= 0.5
ffCEGPCEGP = fraction of those that have a close-in planet = fraction of those that have a close-in planet = 0.01= 0.01
pptt = fraction of those with an inclination to transit = fraction of those with an inclination to transit = 0.1= 0.1
Need to look at 4000 stars to find 1 that transits.Need to look at 4000 stars to find 1 that transits. Need to sample often compared to transit duration.Need to sample often compared to transit duration. Need 1% accuracy for a 3Need 1% accuracy for a 3 detection of a 2 hour transit. detection of a 2 hour transit. Need to look on sky for at least 1 orbital period.Need to look on sky for at least 1 orbital period.
Require 1,000,000 15-minute samples Require 1,000,000 15-minute samples with 1% accuracy to detect one transit.with 1% accuracy to detect one transit.
![Page 13: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The STARE ProjectThe STARE Project
Delivers high-cadence time series photometry on roughly 30,000 stars (9 < V < 13) in a typical field centered on the galactic plane.
We obtain sufficient precision on 5,000 stars to detect a close-in Jupiter-sized companion.
![Page 14: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Search Is On!The Search Is On!
![Page 15: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The Benefits of a NetworkThe Benefits of a Network
![Page 16: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
HD 209458 bHD 209458 bThe First Transiting PlanetThe First Transiting Planet
![Page 17: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
The Effects of Stellar InsolationThe Effects of Stellar Insolation
Burrows et al. (2000)
![Page 18: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
The Effects of a Planetary CoreThe Effects of a Planetary Coreand Tidal Dissipationand Tidal Dissipation
Bodenheimer et al. (2001)
![Page 19: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Radial Velocity with Orbit RemovedRadial Velocity with Orbit Removed
G. Marcy et al. (2000)
![Page 20: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
STARE PhotometrySTARE Photometryof HD 209458of HD 209458
![Page 21: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
HST STIS PhotometryHST STIS Photometryof HD 209458of HD 209458
![Page 22: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Unphased HST STIS PhotometryUnphased HST STIS Photometryof HD 209458of HD 209458
![Page 23: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Planetary SatellitesPlanetary Satellitesfrom Photometric Residualsfrom Photometric Residuals
![Page 24: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Planetary SatellitesPlanetary Satellitesfrom Transit Timingfrom Transit Timing
![Page 25: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Transmission SpectroscopyTransmission Spectroscopy
Brown (2001)
![Page 26: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
A Prediction of Sodium AbsorptionA Prediction of Sodium Absorption
Hubbard et al. (2001)
![Page 27: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Detection of anDetection of anExtrasolar Planet AtmosphereExtrasolar Planet Atmosphere
![Page 28: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
STIS Transmission SpectrumSTIS Transmission SpectrumBANDPASSESBANDPASSES
![Page 29: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
STIS Transmission SpectrumSTIS Transmission SpectrumDATADATA
![Page 30: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
STIS Transmission SpectrumSTIS Transmission SpectrumDATADATA
![Page 31: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
STIS Transmission SpectrumSTIS Transmission SpectrumTHEORYTHEORY
![Page 32: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
STIS Transmission SpectrumSTIS Transmission SpectrumNEAR FUTURENEAR FUTURE
![Page 33: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Reflected LightReflected Light
Combination of:Combination of: Transiting planet with a well-Transiting planet with a well-
determined value for the radiusdetermined value for the radius Excellent photometric Excellent photometric
precision with STISprecision with STIS Desire to measure the Desire to measure the
planetary albedo, pplanetary albedo, p
We have 20 orbits of STIS data (290 – 1030 nm) spanning 4 times of secondary eclipse. The photon noise limit of these data would permit a detection threshold of p = 0.1, averaged over the entire bandpass.
These data will allow us to quantify the net energy deposition into the planet.
![Page 34: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Kepler ProjectThe Kepler Project
![Page 35: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
The Kepler ProjectThe Kepler ProjectParameter SpaceParameter Space
![Page 36: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
The Kepler ProjectThe Kepler ProjectTechnology DemonstrationTechnology Demonstration
![Page 37: Extrasolar Planets & The Power of the Dark Side](https://reader037.vdocuments.us/reader037/viewer/2022102801/56814842550346895db55a65/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
The Kepler ProjectThe Kepler Project