extract out of josephus's discourse

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Title:AnExtractoutofJosephus'sDiscoursetoTheGreeksConcerningHades

Author:FlaviusJosephus

Translator:WilliamWhiston

PostingDate:December22,2008[EBook#2847]ReleaseDate:October,2001

Language:English

Charactersetencoding:ASCII

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ANEXTRACTOUTOFJOSEPHUS'SDISCOURSETOTHEGREEKSCONCERNINGHADES

ByFlaviusJosephus

TranslatedbyWilliamWhiston

1.NowastoHades,whereinthesoulsoftheofthegoodthingstheysee,andrejoiceintherighteousandunrighteousaredetained,itisnecessarytospeakofit.Hadesisaplaceintheworldnotregularlyfinished;asubterraneousregion,whereinthelightofthisworlddoesnotshine;fromwhichcircumstance,thatinthisregionthelightdoesnotshine,itcannotbebuttheremustbeinitperpetualdarkness.Thisregionisallottedasaplaceofcustodyforsouls,illwhichangelsareappointedasguardianstothem,whodistributetothemtemporary

punishments,agreeabletoeveryone'sbehaviorandmanners.

2.Inthisregionthereisacertainplacesetapart,asalakeofunquenchablefire,whereintowesupposenoonehathhithertobeencast;butitispreparedforadayafore-determinedbyGod,inwhichonerighteoussentenceshalldeservedlybepasseduponallmen;whentheunjust,andthosethathavebeendisobedienttoGod,andhavegivenhonortosuchidolsashavebeenthevainoperationsofthehandsofmenastoGodhimself,shallbeadjudgedtothiseverlastingpunishment,ashavingbeenthecausesofdefilement;whilethejustshallobtainan



incorruptibleandnever-fadingkingdom.ThesearenowindeedconfinedinHades,butnotinthesameplacewhereintheunjustareconfined.

3.Forthereisonedescentintothisregion,atwhosegatewebelievetherestandsanarchangelwithanhost;whichgatewhenthosepassthroughthatareconducteddownbytheangelsappointedoversouls,theydonotgothesameway;butthejustareguidedtotherighthand,andareledwithhymns,sungbytheangelsappointedoverthatplace,untoaregionoflight,inwhichthejusthavedweltfromthebeginningoftheworld;notconstrainedbynecessity,buteverenjoyingtheprospectofthegoodthingstheysee,andrejoiceintheexpectationofthosenewenjoymentswhichwillbepeculiartoeveryoneofthem,andesteemingthosethingsbeyondwhatwehavehere;withwhomthereisnoplaceoftoil,noburningheat,nopiercingcold,norareanybriersthere;butthecountenanceoftheandofthejust,whichtheysee,alwayssmilesthem,whiletheywaitforthatrestandeternalnewlifeinheaven,whichistosucceedthisregion.ThisplacewecallTheBosomofAbraham.

4.Butastotheunjust,theyaredraggedbyforcetothelefthandbytheangelsallottedforpunishment,nolongergoingwithagood-will,butasprisonersdrivenbyviolence;towhomaresenttheangelsappointedoverthemtoreproachthemandthreatenthemwiththeirterriblelooks,andtothrustthemstilldownwards.Nowthoseangels

thataresetoverthesesoulsdragthemintotheneighborhoodofhellitself;who,whentheyarehardbyit,continuallyhearthenoiseofit,anddonotstandclearofthehotvaporitself;butwhentheyhaveanearviewofthisspectacle,asofaterribleandexceedinggreatprospectoffire,theyarestruckwithafearfulexpectationofafuturejudgment,andineffectpunishedthereby:andnotonlyso,butwheretheyseetheplace[orchoir]ofthefathersandofthejust,evenherebyaretheypunished;forachaosdeepandlargeisfixedbetweenthem;insomuchthatajustmanthathathcompassionuponthemcannotbeadmitted,norcanonethatisunjust,ifhewereboldenoughtoattemptit,passoverit.

5.ThisisthediscourseconcerningHades,whereinthesoulsofallmen

areconfineduntilaproperseason,whichGodhathdetermined,whenhewillmakearesurrectionofallmenfromthedead,notprocuringatransmigrationofsoulsfromonebodytoanother,butraisingagainthoseverybodies,whichyouGreeks,seeingtobedissolved,donotbelieve[theirresurrection].Butlearnnottodisbelieveit;forwhileyoubelievethatthesouliscreated,andyetismadeimmortalbyGod,accordingtothedoctrineofPlato,andthisintime,benotincredulous;butbelievethatGodisable,whenhehathraisedtolifethatbodywhichwasmadeasacompoundofthesameelements,tomakeitimmortal;foritmustneverbesaidofGod,thatheisabletodosomethings,andunabletodoothers.Wehavethereforebelievedthatthebodywillberaisedagain;foralthoughitbedissolved,itisnotperished;fortheearthreceivesitsremains,andpreservesthem;and

whiletheyarelikeseed,andaremixedamongthemorefruitfulsoil,theyflourish,andwhatissownisindeedsownbaregrain,butatthemightysoundofGodtheCreator,itwillsproutup,andberaisedinaclothedandgloriouscondition,thoughnotbeforeithasbeendissolved,andmixed[withtheearth].Sothatwehavenotrashlybelievedtheresurrectionofthebody;foralthoughitbedissolvedforatimeonaccountoftheoriginaltransgression,itexistsstill,andiscastintotheearthasintoapotter'sfurnace,inordertobeformedagain,notinordertoriseagainsuchasitwasbefore,butinastateofpurity,andsoasnevertobedestroyedanymore.Andtoeverybodyshallits



ownsoulberestored.Andwhenithathclotheditselfwiththatbody,itwillnotbesubjecttomisery,but,beingitselfpure,itwillcontinuewithitspurebody,andrejoicewithit,withwhichithavingwalkedrighteouslynowinthisworld,andneverhavinghaditasasnare,itwillreceiveitagainwithgreatgladness.Butasfortheunjust,theywillreceivetheirbodiesnotchanged,notfreedfromdiseasesordistempers,normadeglorious,butwiththesamediseaseswhereintheydied;andsuchastheywereintheirunbelief,thesameshalltheybewhentheyshallbefaithfullyjudged.

6.Forallmen,thejustaswellastheunjust,shallbebroughtbeforeGodtheword:fortohimhaththeFathercommittedalljudgment:andhe,inordertofulfillthewillofhisFather,shallcomeasJudge,whomwecallChrist.ForMinosandRhadamanthusarenotthejudges,asyouGreeksdosuppose,buthewhomGodandtheFatherhathglorified:ConcerningWhomWeHaveElsewhereGivenAMoreParticularAccount,ForTheSakeOfThoseWhoSeekAfterTruth.Thisperson,exercisingtherighteousjudgmentoftheFathertowardsallmen,hathpreparedajustsentenceforeveryone,accordingtohisworks;atwhosejudgment-seatwhenallmen,andangels,anddemonsshallstand,theywillsendforthonevoice,andsay,JustIsThyJudgment;therejoindertowhichwillbringajustsentenceuponbothparties,bygivingjustlytothosethathavedonewellaneverlastingfruition;butallottingtotheloversofwickedworkseternalpunishment.Tothesebelongtheunquenchablefire,

andthatwithoutend,andacertainfieryworm,neverdying,andnotdestroyingthebody,butcontinuingitseruptionoutofthebodywithnever-ceasinggrief:neitherwillsleepgiveeasetothesemen,norwillthenightaffordthemcomfort;deathwillnotfreethemfromtheirpunishment,norwilltheintercedingprayersoftheirkindredprofitthem;forthejustarenolongerseenbythem,noraretheythoughtworthyofremembrance.Butthejustshallrememberonlytheirrighteousactions,wherebytheyhaveattainedtheheavenlykingdom,inwhichthereisnosleep,nosorrow,nocorruption,nocare,nonight,nodaymeasuredbytime,nosundriveninhiscoursealongthecircleofheavenbynecessity,andmeasuringouttheboundsandconversionsoftheseasons,forthebetterilluminationofthelifeofmen;nomoondecreasingandincreasing,orintroducingavarietyofseasons,norwill

shethenmoistentheearth;noburningsun,noBearturninground[thepole],noOriontorise,nowanderingofinnumerablestars.Theearthwillnotthenbedifficulttobepassedover,norwillitbehardtofindoutthecourtofparadise,norwilltherebeanyfearfulroaringofthesea,forbiddingthepassengerstowalkonit;eventhatwillbemadeeasilypassabletothejust,thoughitwillnotbevoidofmoisture.Heavenwillnotthenbeuninhabitablebymen,anditwillnotbeimpossibletodiscoverthewayofascendingthither.Theearthwillnotbeuncultivated,norrequiretoomuchlaborofmen,butwillbringforthitsfruitsofitsownaccord,andwillbewelladornedwiththem.Therewillbenomoregenerationsofwildbeasts,norwillthesubstanceoftherestoftheanimalsshootoutanymore;foritwillnotproducemen,butthenumberoftherighteouswillcontinue,andneverfail,together

withrighteousangels,andspirits[ofGod],andwithhisword,asachoirofrighteousmenandwomenthatnevergrowold,andcontinueinanincorruptiblestate,singinghymnstoGod,whohathadvancedthemtothathappiness,bythemeansofaregularinstitutionoflife;withwhomthewholecreationalsowillliftupaperpetualhymnfromcorruption,toincorruption,asglorifiedbyasplendidandpurespirit.Itwillnotthenberestrainedbyabondofnecessity,butwithalivelyfreedomshallofferupavoluntaryhymn,andshallpraisehimthatmadethem,togetherwiththeangels,andspirits,andmennowfreedfromallbondage.



7.Andnow,ifyouGentileswillbepersuadedbythesemotives,andleaveyourvainimaginationsaboutyourpedigrees,andgainingofriches,andphilosophy,andwillnotspendyourtimeaboutsubtletiesofwords,andtherebyleadyourmindsintoerror,andifyouwillapplyyourearstothehearingoftheinspiredprophets,theinterpretersbothofGodandofhisword,andwillbelieveinGod,youshallbothbepartakersofthesethings,andobtainthegoodthingsthataretocome;youshallseetheascentuntotheimmenseheavenplainly,andthatkingdomwhichisthere.ForwhatGodhathnowconcealedinsilence[willbethenmademanifest,]whatneithereyehathseen,norearhathheard,norhathitenteredintotheheartofman,thethingsthatGodhathpreparedforthemthatlovehim.

8.InwhatsoeverwaysIshallfindyou,inthemshallIjudgeyouentirely:socriestheEndofallthings.Andhewhohathatfirstlivedavirtuouslift,buttowardsthelatterendfallsintovice,theselaborsbyhimbeforeenduredshallbealtogethervainandunprofitable,evenasinaplay,broughttoanillcatastrophe.Whosoevershallhavelivedwickedlyandluxuriouslymayrepent;however,therewillbeneedofmuchtimetoconqueranevilhabit,andevenafterrepentancehiswholelifemustbeguardedwithgreatcareanddiligence,afterthemannerofabody,which,afterithathbeenalongtimeafflictedwithadistemper,requiresastricterdietandmethodofliving;forthough

itmaybepossible,perhaps,tobreakoffthechainofourirregularaffectionsatonce,yetouramendmentcannotbesecuredwithoutthegraceofGod,theprayersofgoodmen,thehelpofthebrethren,andourownsincererepentanceandconstantcare.Itisagoodthingnottosinatall;itisalsogood,havingsinned,torepent;asitisbesttohavehealthalways,butitisagoodthingtorecoverfromadistemper.ToGodbegloryanddominionforeverandeverAmen.

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