extinction of conditioned behavior
DESCRIPTION
Extinction of Conditioned Behavior. Effects of Extinction Extinction and Original Learning Paradoxical Effects in Extinction. Effects of Extinction. Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcer. CS alone, no US. R alone, no outcome. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Extinction of Conditioned Behavior
• Effects of Extinction• Extinction and Original Learning• Paradoxical Effects in Extinction
Effects of Extinction
Extinction involves omitting the US or reinforcerCS alone, no US R alone, no outcome
Two main effects of extinction procedures on behavior responding decreases response variability increases
Extinction and Original Learning
• Spontaneous Recovery• Rapid Reacquisition• Renewal• Reinstatement
Spontaneous Recovery
CS1 – USCS2 – US
AcquisitionExtinction 1
Extinction 2
Wait
Test
CS2 – nothCS1 ?CS2 ?
CS1 – noth 2 weeks
Longer wait after extinction, more spontaneous recovery
Spontaneous Recovery
Shows importance of passage of time
Rapid Reacquisition
• Re-acquisition after extinction is normally quite rapid. – So, the original learning was preserved
somewhere although there was no performance
Renewal
Context A
Pairings Extinction CS Test
Context A2. Context B
A return to the context of acquisition after extinction of the CRin a different context causes CR recovery (ABA renewal)
3. No Extinction
1. Context A
Renewal
Mechanisms• Subjects turn to the context to disambiguate the meaning
of the CS– CS->US in acquisition (A) – CS->no US in extinction (B)
• Inhibitory association is specific to Context B?– A change in context after extinction of the CR causes CR recovery
(ABA renewal)– ABC causes renewal, which suggests a return to Context A is not
necessary– AAB renewal– ABC renewal is normally weaker than ABA renewal, so a return
to the context of acquisition may play some role
Reinstatement
Context A1
Pairings Extinction
A return of contextual excitation reinstates the extinguished CR
Context A1 = US present sessionsContext A2 = US absent sessions
Context A2 Context A1
US alone then CS
Lindblom-Jenkins Effect
Context A
PairingsUnpaired
CS and US CS Alone
Removal of unsignaled USs present only in extinctioncauses recovery of the CR
Context B Context A
Reinstatement
Erasure and Reconsolidation• Expose subject to already “CS” for one trial• While subject is thinking about the “CS”
and its associated “US”, give them a memory erasure drug, MK501.
Memory Erasure
• Stronger Learning ≠ Slower Extinction• Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect or
PREE
Extinction Paradox
Acquisition with Differing Percentage Schedules
Spee
d
Day
100%
80/50/30%
Extinction with DifferingPercentage Schedules
Spee
d
Day
80% 50% 30%
100%
Explanations
• Mowrer-Bitterman Discrimination Hypothesis• Amsel’s Frustration Theory (Emotional)• Capaldi’s Sequential Theory (Cognitive)
Theios ExperimentPHASE 1 PHASE 2 EXT
G1 100% 0%
G2 100% 100% 0%
G3 50% 100% 0%
G4 50% - 0%
Extinction Experiment
Extinction Trials
Spee
d
G1, G2 100%
PHASE 1 PHASE 2 EXT
G1 100% 0%
G2 100% 100% 0%
G3 50% 100% 0%
G4 50% - 0%
G3, G4 50%
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
100% Reinforcement Group
Amsel’s Frustration Theory
50% Reinforcement Group
Amsel (extinction data)
Extinction Trials
Spee
d
100% 50%
AmselEXT
BETWEEN SUBJECT
GROUP 1 T F 100%
T-
GROUP 2 N F 50%
N-
WITHIN SUBJECT
TRIALS 1,3,6….
TF 100%
T-
TRIALS2,4,5….
NF 50%
N-
PREE
ReversedPREE