external nvg friendly and covert lighting for...

EXTERNAL NVG FRIENDLY AND

COVERT LIGHTING FOR HELICOPTERS

JUNE 2014

LFD LIMITED

White Hart Road ,Gosport, Hampshire, PO12 2JE

Tel: +44 (0) 2392 782366 Fax : + 44 (0) 2392 782377

©LFD Ltd 2014 ISSUE 1

COMMERICIAL IN CONFIDENCE

COPYRIGHTTHE COPYRIGHT IN THIS PROPOSAL IS THE SOLEPROPERTY OF L.F.D. LIMITED. THE DRAWINGS AND DATA MAY NOT BE COPIED, NOR ITS CONTENT TRANSMITTED TO A THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THEWRITTEN CONSENT OF L.F.D. LIMITED © 2014

Prepared by S Russell

1, The LFD exterior lighting system is based on proven and qualified technologyalready in operation with many customers. This offers the opportunity to procure andinstall a system with little or no risk.

2, Drawings, specifications and tooling are available.

3, The supportability is enhanced with the use of state of the art highly reliable LEDs inservice with many customers.

4, Over 10,000 various lighting products delivered with proven combat reliability.

5, LFD is ISO approved and highly focused in external NVIS aircraft lightingequipment with many years of knowledge in its area of business.

6, To our knowledge, LFD are the first company in the world to have visible diodeposition lights successfully flight tested (1995).

7, Patented Drive/Control System for aircraft external warning lights.

8, LFD have now fitted more and a wider range of aircraft than any other company. Aspioneers of LED aircraft lighting technology the company has a greater length, spanand depth of experience in this field than anyone else in the business.

9, LFD are specialists and world leaders in the design of visible and infra-red aircraftlighting.

EXECUTIVE SUMMERY

JUNE 2014©LFD Ltd 2014 ISSUE 1

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INTRODUCTION


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LFD have been developing and supplying Covert/Visible LED navigation lightingto military customers since 1990. We have a thorough understanding of theenvironmental, thermal, optical and mechanical conditions which ultimatelyeffect the design and mounting of diode lighting. LFD pioneered the use ofLEDs for NVG compatibility in the airborne role, initially on the UK and ItalianTornado aircraft. Our expertise in LED technology has led to, amongst others,the following aircraft modifications:-

TORNADO GR4/F3 ITALIAN MODEF18 SPANISH AIR FORCELYNX VARIOUSCHINOOK VARIOUSMB339 ITALIAN AIR FORCEB105 SWEDISH AIR FORCEMD500 FINNISH AIR FORCESEAKING GERMAN NAVYAW101 VARIOUSEC120 SINGAPORE A/FAB212 SPAINSUPER PUMA SPAINAW189 VARIOUS

LED Technology


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We have several LED technologies available in house to implement in equipmentdesign and conversion of existing incandescent light assemblies. Our two maintechnologies are:-

1, LED substrate arrays. These are manufactured using high density chipplacement and wire bonding. This type of array uses InGaN and AlInGaP chipstock which is bonded to a ceramic substrate. Infra-red chips are also placed inthe die array to give dual mode capability. This type of array is used to producered and green lighting.

2, Packaged devices. LFD also uses this type of device in many of its tail lightsolutions. Surface mounted packages are mounted on a similar substrate to thechip devices described above. They are supplied with a molded glass lens whichprovides a predictable preset distribution pattern. This type of array is used toproduce white light.

Qualification TestingWe have a fully equipped darkroom on site at our facility with traceable standardsfor measuring chromaticity, spectral radiance and intensity.These instruments are also portable which gives LFD the ability to conduct pre-modification surveys of lighting equipment and post-modification trials.

For environmental, vibration, shock and acceleration testing we use the facilitiesof Cape Engineering or TUV. Both have state of the art facilities and expertlytrained personnel, combined with many years experience serving the defence,aerospace, telecoms, automotive, energy, I.T, rail and commercial industries.


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SOLUTIONS

Dual Mode Left and Right Navigation Lights

The side position light assemblies are as shown in Fig 1. The supply voltage will befrom the control box and the light is fully compliant to FAA requirements for colour,intensity and distribution and MIL-3009. The emitted light is Aviation Red or Green.

Figure 1. Left and Right Navigation Light


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The tail lamp assembly is as shown in Fig 2. The supply voltage will be from thecontrol box and the light is fully compliant to FAA requirements for colourintensity and distribution and MIL-3009. The emitted light is Aviation White.

Dual Mode Rear Navigation Light

Figure 2. Rear Navigation Light


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The formation light assembly is as shown in Fig 3. The supply voltage will befrom the control box and the light is fully compliant to MIL-STD-3009. Theemitted light is infra-red.

Formation Light

Figure 3. Formation Light


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The Anti-collision light assemblies can be either of those Fig 4 or Fig 4a. Theadvantage of Fig 4, being the higher intensity. The supply voltage will be 28V andthe lights are fully compliant to MIL-STD-3009. The emitted light is NVG friendlyand Infra-Red.

Dual Mode LED Anti-collision Light

Figure 4. Dual Mode LED Anti-collision Light (400ECP Version)


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Dual Mode LED Anti-collision Light

Figure 4a. Dual Mode LED Anti-collision Light (150ECP Version)


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Spectral Output of Port Position Light

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

350 450 550 650 750 850 950

Wavelength (nm)

Radi

ance

(arb

itrar

y un

its)

Figure 5. Port Position Light – Spectral Output

Figure 6. Port Position Light - Chromaticity

Navigation Lights – Spectral OutputFig 5. is the spectral output of a red LED and Fig 6. is the CIE plot

showing that the colour produced meets the Aviation Red requirements.


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Spectral Output of Starboard Position Light

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

350 450 550 650 750 850 950

Wavelength (nm)

Radi

ance

(arb

itrar

y un

its)

Figure 7. Starboard Position Light – Spectral Output

Figure 8. Starboard Position Light - Chromaticity

Fig 7. is the spectral output of a green LED and Fig 8. is the CIE plotshowing that the colour produced meets the aviation greenrequirements.


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COPYRIGHTTHE COPYRIGHT IN THIS PROPOSAL IS THE SOLEPROPERTY OF L.F.D. LIMITED. THE DRAWINGS AND DATA MAY NOT BE COPIED, NOR ITS CONTENT TRANSMITTED TO A THIRD PARTY WITHOUT THEWRITTEN CONSENT OF L.F.D. LIMITEDD © 2014

Fig 9. is the spectral output of a white LED and Fig 10. is the CIE plot showingthat the colour produced meets the aviation white requirements.

Spectral Output of Tail Light

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

350 450 550 650 750 850 950

Wavelength (nm)

Rad

ianc

e (a

rbitr

ary

units

)

Figure 9. Tail Light – Spectral Output

Figure 10.Tail Light - Chromaticity


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NRA NRB I3 I3W u´ v´ x y

Green 2.25E-10 1.48E-10 318 193 .0516 .5571 .1368 .6563

Red 8.05E-8 1.05E-8 2.3 14.1 .5135 .5229 .6883 .3115

White 1.79E-8 1.17E-8 3.7 4.9 .2035 .4675 .3177 .3260

Intensity distribution measurements were carried out with a photometer optimizedfor use with LED sources.Spectral measurements were performed using a Bentham dual monochromatorspectroradiometer, permitting NVIS Radiance and chromaticity to be calculated asfollows:


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Port Position Light, Visible, Elevation

-

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Elevation angle

Inte

nsity

(cd) Phot Intensity

FAR25

MIL6730

NAVIGATION LIGHTS – VISIBLE INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONLFD lighting assemblies meet and exceed the FAR Part 25 (FAA) requirementsfor intensity and distribution as shown in Figs 11-16 and 17-19.

Figure 11. Port Position Light – Visible, Elevation

Figure 12. Port Position Light – Visible, Azimuth


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Starboard Position Light, Visible, Elevation

-

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

-100 -80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80 100

Elevation angle

Inte

nsity

(cd) Phot Intensity

FAR25MIL6730

Figure 13. Starboard Position Light – Visible, Elevation

Figure 14. Starboard Position Light – Visible, Azimuth


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Tail Light, Visible, Elevation

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Elevation angle

Inte

nsity

(cd)

Phot Intensity

FAR25

MIL6730

Tail Light, Visible, Azimuth

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

-80 -60 -40 -20 0 20 40 60 80

Azimuth angle

Inte

nsity

(cd)

Phot Intensity

FAR25MIL6730

Figure 15. Tail Light – Visible, Elevation

Figure 16. Tail Light – Visible, Azimuth


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Figure 17. Visible Intensity Distribution


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Figure 18. Infra-Red Distribution



Figure 19. Infra-Red Distribution

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Lighting Control BoxThe Control Unit provides the means to switch between Visible andCovert modes of the exterior lighting system, without the need torewire the aircraft. As well as enabling switching between Bright andDim settings and Steady and Flashing modes. It takes inputs fromthe cockpit control panel and converts to appropriate outputs to drivethe lights as required.

Figure 20. Remote Located Lighting Control Box


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Figure 21. Typical Cockpit Rail Mounted Lighting Control Box

Above is a typical rail mounted control box supplied by LFD. If the customer wishes to retain the current lighting panel this will need to be discussed with the supplier to integrate the required switching.

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