extending the internet throughout the physical world

Extending the Internet Throughout the Physical World

Briefing to Ericsson Headquarters

Stockholm, Sweden

June 8, 2001

California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology

• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers– UC San Diego and UC Irvine

• Layered Structure– Materials and Devices– Networked Infrastructure– Interfaces and Software– Strategic Applications– Policy

• New Funding Model (4 Years)– State $100M– Industry $140M– Private $30 M– Campus $30M– Federal $100-200M– Total $400-500M

• One of Four Awarded

The Cal-(IT)2 UCSD Building in 2004

A Broad Partnership Response from the Private Sector

Akamai Boeing

BroadcomAMCC CAIMISCompaq

Conexant Copper Mountain

EmulexEnterprise Partners VC

EntropiaEricsson

Global PhotonIBM

IdeaEdge VenturesIntersil

Irvine SensorsLeap Wireless

Litton IndustriesMedExpert

Merck Microsoft

Mission VenturesNCR

Newport CorporationOrincon

Panoram Technologies Printronix

QUALCOMMQuantum

R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical RISAIC

SciFrameSeagate Storage

Silicon Wave Sony

STMicroelectronicsSun Microsystems

TeraBurst Networks Texas InstrumentsUCSD Healthcare The Unwired Fund

WebEx

ComputersCommunications

SoftwareSensors

BiomedicalStartups

Venture Firms

Large Partners>$10M Over 4 Years

$140 M Match From Industry

Ericsson Sponsored Research

• Approach– Initial White Papers Proposed by Faculty Teams– Ericsson Identified Intellectual Sponsor– Follow-up Meetings to Refine Scope and Objective– Reviewed at Ericsson in April by Ramesh Rao, UCSD

• Topics– Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous Communication

– Project Scope Refined With Magnus Almgren – Advanced Antennas

– Initiated Discussions With Sören Andersson– Design and Analysis of CDMA Systems

– Stefan Parkeval Visited UCSD– Power Amplifier Design

– San Diego Research

Adaptive Systems for Ubiquitous Communication

• UCSD Faculty Team– Cosman, Cruz, Dey, Rao, Voelker

• Objective: Design of an Adaptive System That Can – Sense All Available Network Access Systems at Any

Given Location– Seamlessly Select the Most Cost Effective Service and – Dynamically Adapt to the Selected Service in Support of

Multimedia Applications

• Approach– Develop a Comprehensive System Model, Which Will

Include All Critical Segments That Compose Such a System

– Close Attention to the Interfaces Between Various Segments of the Systems

Scope

• Types of Adaptations Studied Will Include:– Adaptation to Static Terminal Characteristics,

– Display Size and Processing Capabilities,

– Dynamic Characteristics – Available Battery Reserves and User Preferences

– Adaptations to Location – Infrastructure Capabilities – Points of Interest to the Users

– Adaptations to the Varying Costs of Transmission– System Interference

– Application Requirements, – Guaranteed or Best Effort Service

Advanced Antennas

• UCSD Team– Masry, Milstein, Proakis, B. Rao, Siegel, Zeger, Zeidler

• Topics Proposed– Reverse Link ST Processing

– Algorithms for interference suppression and channel equalization– Channel estimation– Design of detection/decoding algorithms (iterative decoding and multiuser)– Performance analysis under fading, multiple access interference, est. errors

– Forward Link ST Processing– Open loop space time codes– Forward link beam forming based on reverse link channel information

– MIMO Systems– Open and closed loop coding and decoding methods– Channel Estimation and performance Analysis

– Adaptive Signal Processing– Analysis of LMS algorithm for dependent channel conditions– Analysis of Constant Modulus algorithm for dependent channel conditions– Analysis of CDMA detectors based on these algorithms

Design and Analysis of Wideband CDMA Systems

• Faculty: Milstein, Siegel, Cosman, Zeger• Scope:

– Use of Iterative Decoding/detection/equalization Techniques for Performance Enhancement Over Multipath Fading Channels

– Combined Source Coding, Error Correction Coding, and Spreading.

– Effects of Channel Estimation Errors on System Performance

– Use of Multiple Access Interference Suppression Techniques Combined With Error Correction Coding

Power Amplifier Design

• UCSD Faculty Team– Prof. Larson and Asbeck

• Topics of study– Explore linearization by predistortion of the input signals– Explore Doherty and LINC techniques in power amplifiers– Develop improved models for various transistor families,

including HBTs (for both III-V and SiGe materials) and LDMOS

– Amplifiers based on various device technologies, including SiGe HBT and BiCMOS

Cal-(IT)2 is Working with Computer Science Faculty on Mobile Code

mobile code

Traditional Client-Server

Mobile Code-based Client-Server

private public

Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project

Mobile Code-Based Client-Serverfor the Active Web

• Client Is Extended by Injecting Code Into Internet• Extension Runs at Intermediate Server

– Higher Performance, Greater Reliability– Liberated From Client Device, Bypasses Wireless Link

• Current implementation: Java, JINI

move

communicaterespond

wireless wired

Joe Pasquale, CSE UCSD ActiveWeb Project

ASIC SoftwareWireless Internet Launchpad

TM Suite

Multimedia, Connectivity, Positioning, User Interface, Storage

UI Interface

BREW

Java

Ap

ple

t

Java VM

Bro

wse

r

Ins

tan

t M

ess

en

ge

r

AV

AT

AR

S

Po

sit

ion

Lo

cat

ion

Vid

eo G

am

es

E-m

ail

Gro

up

Ch

at

Mu

sic

Info

. Ser

vic

es

Java

Ap

ple

t

Java

Ap

ple

t

Java

Ap

ple

t

Cal-(IT)2 is Working with Industry on Mobile Software Development

Source: Qualcomm

The High PerformanceWireless Research and Education Network

NSF FundedPI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC

Co-PI, Frank Vernon, SIO45mbps Duplex Backbone

Uses FCC Unlicensed

Band

The Wireless Internet Will Improve the Safety of California’s 25,000 Bridges

New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links

Cal-(IT)2 WillDevelop and Install

Wireless Sensor ArraysLinked to

Crisis Management Control Rooms

Source: UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.

Adding Brilliance to Wireless SensorsWith Systems-on-Chip

Memory

Protocol Processors

ProcessorsProcessors DSP

RFRFReconf.Logic

Applications

sensors

Internet

Source: Sujit Dey, UCSD ECE

Wireless “Pad” Web Interface

The Institute Facilitates Faculty Teams to Compete for Large Federal Grants

Deep Web

Surface Web

Proposal-Form a National Scale Testbed for Federating Multi-scale Brain Databases

Using NIH High Field NMR Centers

Source: Mark Ellisman, UCSD

DukeUCLA

Cal Tech

StanfordU. Of MN

Harvard

NCRR Imaging and Computing Resources UCSD

Cal-(IT)2SDSC

Traffic Flow Optimization--Extending the Orange County Testbed

• Institute Scope– Restructuring Traffic Flows by Sharing Information

– Sensor Based Real-Time Monitoring of Traffic & Cars – Extension of the Internet Into Automobiles

– Telematics Consortium– Creating Intelligent Vehicles

Cal-(IT)2 will Research Multiplayer Computer Games

• 3D Multiplayer Worlds– "EverQuest The online, real-time fantasy world lets

players assume the roles of warriors and wizards for days on end... As the decade closed, this was the nearest you could get to being on a Star Trek holodeck."

www.everquest.com

Pervasive Computing Means Overlaying the Physical and Cyber Realities

Source: Virginia Tech/Univ. Illinois, MIT, Univ Washington, UCSD

Broadband Wireless Internet is Here Today

• Local Area Wireless Internet “Watering Holes” – Ad Hoc IEEE 802.11 Domains– Real Broadband--11 mbps Going to 54 mbps– Security and Authentication can be Added

– But, it is Shared and Local– MobileStar--Admiral Clubs, Starbucks, Major Hotels, …– Universities, FreeNets

• Wide Area Internet—CDMA20001xEV – Peak is 2.4 Mbps downstream, 307 kbps Upstream

– Average is 600 kbps upstream, 220 kbps down– Extends CDMA Cellular/PCS Voice to IP Packet Data– UCSD Has Antennas Working With Several Mile Coverage

½ Mile

•Commodity Internet, Internet2•CENIC’s ONI, Cal-REN2, Dig. Cal.•PACI Distributed Terascale Facility

• Wireless LANs

The UCSD “Living Grid Laboratory”—Fiber, Wireless, Compute, Data, Software

SIO

SDSC

CS

ChemMed

Eng. / Cal-(IT)2

Hosp

• High-speed optical core

Source: Phil Papadopoulos, SDSC

Wireless WAN

Adding Brilliance to Information AppliancesUsing the Wireless Internet

802.11b Wireless

Interactive Access to:• Job Status• Application Codes• File Storage

Goal: Smooth Handoff by Mobile Device Faced With Heterogeneous Access Network

WLAN GPRS

CDMA CDPD

Internet

(802.11b)

(CDMA20001xEV)

Our Focus: Identify Issues Related to Handoff

Between WLAN and WWAN Networks and Implement a Test-bed

Ramesh Rao, Kameshwari ChebrolouUCSD-CWC, Cal-(IT)2

Discussing Field Tests of Birdstep Technology

& Ericsson

The Implementation is Based on Co-Allocated Mobile IP

• The Mobile Terminal Obtains a Care-of-Address (CoA) From the WLAN/WAN Network

• The Mobile Terminal (MT) Informs the Home Agent of the CoA

• The Home Agent Routes Packets From the Remote Host to This CoA by Tunneling (Encapsulation)

• The MT Does the Decapsulation

• The MT Sends Packets Directly to the Remote Host


Extending Our Work to Bluetooth

• Coexistence Mechanisms for Interference Mitigation – Between 802.11 WLANs and 802.15 WPANs– Collaborative and Non-Collaborative Mechanisms– A Novel Non-Collaborative Scheme

– For Both Synchronous and Asynchronous 802.15 Traffic– Significant Reduction in Interference – Project Between

– Carla Chiasserini [Politecnico di Torino – Italy]– Ramesh R. Rao [Cal-(IT)2, UCSD]

• Mobile Peer-to-Peer Networks– Stefan Savage, Geoff Voelker, Keith Marzullo [UCSD CSE]– Acquire ~100 iPAQ's Connected with Bluetooth– DARPA Proposal Under Review

Throughput Enhancement Using Multiple Wireless Interfaces

Home Agent

Remote HostInternetInternet

WAN1WAN1

WAN2

WAN2

WAN3WAN3


Implement Using a Channel Striping Algorithm

• Use a Mobile IP-Like Infrastructure to Schedule the Packets Onto the Multiple Interfaces

• The Scheduling Algorithm Is Implemented on the Home Agent and the Mobile Terminal

• Create an Interface Selector That Manages the Multiple Interfaces by Picking the Least Cost Interfaces That Satisfy the Bandwidth Requirements of the Applications

Channel Striping

Algorithm


The Era of Guerilla Infrastructure--Unexpected Revolutions

• Guerilla vs. Commercial Infrastructure– Bottom Up– Completely Decentralized– Self-Assembling– Use at Your Own Risk– Paves the Way for Commercial Deployment

• Examples– NSFnetInternet– NCSA MosaicWeb– IEEE 802.11Broadband Wireless Internet – NapsterPeer-to-Peer Storage– SETI@homePeer-to-Peer Computing

Universities Are Rapidly Moving to Deploy 802.11 Nodes

• CMU– Project Monarch

– Developing Networking Protocols & Protocol Interfaces to Allow Seamless Wireless and Mobile Host Networking

– Been Working with 802.11 for Two Years• UNC

– Requires All Freshman to Have a Laptop– Seven Buildings with 802.11 in Classroom, Labs, Dorms– Joint with Cisco

• University of Houston– 120 Distributed 802.11 Nodes

• KTH-IT, Stockholm– 45 nodes, 512 laptop clients in Fall

• University of California San Diego– Bridging 802.11 WLAN with CDMA2000 WAN– Wide Array of Clients

University Free Nets are Leading to Community Open Access Networks

• Free Access to Local Information

• Gateway to Choice of Internet ISPs

• Ericsson is Co-Sponsor

• KTH and the City of Stockholm cooperating– Beginning to Deploy Bay Stations in City

• Discussions on Creating SwedenOpen

www.stockholmopen.net

Rapidly Growing 802.11b Community Wireless Network in Seattle

www.seattlewireless.net

We are using widely-available, license-free technology to create a free, locally-owned wireless backbone.

This is a MetropolitanAreaNetwork (not just a "wireless LAN" in your home or business) and a community-owned, distributed system (not yet another service

provider to whom you owe a monthly bill).

The 802.11b WLAN Node Movement Has Hit Sweden!

• “If you have a broadband or DSL connection in your home or office, buy an access point, hook it up, and you are a node operator.”

• “The project grew out of a skepticism towards the claims of the telecom industry regarding the usefulness and success of the future "third generation mobile telephone systems" as the only means to implement "the wireless Internet". “

• “We envision a cloud of free Internet connectivity that will cover most inhabited areas. The coverage might be spotty, vary over time, and be hard to control or predict, just like a fog or smog. “

• 369 members as of June 1, 2001

www.elektrosmog.nu/

Will The Planned Global Rollout of 3G Proceed as Planned?

• Lack of 3G Global Standardization– Constrains Economies of Scale

• The Economics of Telecom – The Huge Debt Load

– The Investment in 3G Buildout– Is There a Business Case to Recoup?

• Technological Breakouts – IEEE 802.11 Buildout

– 3G (Data-Only) Can Deploy Now (CDMA20001xEV)

– Will They Skim the Cream of the 3G Market?