Slide 1

Publino, Italy, 1989

Exposed Geomembrane Liners

on Dams in Cold Climates

John Wilkes, Carpi

September 20, 2017

Anchorage, AK Latitude 61° N Altitude 102 fasl

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U.S.A. Cold Climate Installations

Chronological oldest to newest

Slide 3

Sabrina dam

California, 2006

Altitude – 9,135 fasl

Latitude – 37°

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Gem dam

California, 2007

Altitude – 9,053 fasl

Latitude – 37.5°

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Upper Blue dam

Colorado, 2007

Altitude – 11,742 fasl

Latitude – 39°

Picture taken in April

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Big Tooth dam

Colorado, 2009

Altitude – 9,361 fasl

Latitude – 38.5°

Pike’s Peak in background

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Rush Meadows dam

California, 2009

Altitude – 9,417 fasl

Latitude – 37.5°

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Hillside dam

California, 2011

Altitude – 9,755 fasl

Latitude - 37°

Picture taken in April

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Saddlebag dam

California, 2011

Altitude – 9,653 fasl

Latitude – 37.5°

Picture taken in September during installation

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Agnew dam

California, 2012

Altitude – 8,469 fasl

Latitude – 37.5°

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Shaver dam

California, 2012

Altitude – 5,369 fasl

Latitude – 37°

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Tioga dam

California, 2014

Altitude – 9,653 fasl

Latitude – 37.5°

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Worldwide Cold Climate Installations

Chronological oldest to newest

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Lago Nero

Italy, 1980 Altitude 6,562 fasl Latitude 46° N

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Piano Barbellino

Italy, 1987Altitude 6,145 faslLatitude 46° N

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Cignana

Italy, 1988Altitude7,080 fslLatitude 45° N

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Publino

Italy, 1989Altitude 7,003 fsl Latitude 46° N

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Publino

Italy, 1989Altitude 7,003 fsl Latitude 46° N

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Alpe Gera

Italy , 1993Altitude 6,981 fslLatitude 46° N

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Campo Secco

Italy, 1994Altitude 7,665 fasl Latitude 46° N

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La Girotte

France, 1994-1998 Altitude 5,753 fasl Latitude 45° N

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Illsee

Switzerland, 1996Altitude 7,611 fslLatitude 46° N

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Fully

Switzerland, 1996Altitude 7,018 fslLatitude 46° N

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Scais

Italy, 1997Altitude 4,905 faslLatitude 46° N

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Snow and thick ice formationwithout damage

Moravka

Czech Republic, 1999Altitude 1,699 fasl Latitude 49° N

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Bouillouses 4

France, 2000 Altitude 7,874 faslLatitude 42° N

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Winscar

United Kingdom, 2001 Altitude 1,135 faslLatitude 53° N

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Exposed PVC geomembraneresists the impact of ice, 7 m thick

Midtbotnvatn

Norway, 2004 Altitude 2,545 fasl Latitude 59.5° N

Slide 29

Ice slides over the geomembrane

Midtbotnvatn

Norway, 2004Altitude 2,545 fasl Latitude 59.5° N

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Midtbotnvatn

Norway, 2004Altitude 2,545 fasl Latitude 59.5° N

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Butgenbach

Belgium, 2004 Altitude 1,798 faslLatitude 50° N

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Butgenbach

Belgium, 2004 Altitude 1,798 faslLatitude 50° N

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Koohrang (Pump storage reservoir)

Iran, 2004Altitude 7,695 fsl Latitude 32° N

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Koohrang

Iran, 2004Altitude 7,695 fslLatitude 32° N

Temperature recorded

-38° F

Slide 35

Koohrang

Iran, 2004Altitude 7,695 fslLatitude 32° N

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Toulnustouc

Canada, 2004Altitude 1,017 faslLatitude 50° N

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Covão Do Ferro

Portugal, 2005 Altitude 5,177 faslLatitude 40° N

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Linach

Germany, 2006 Altitude 2,789 faslLatitude 48° N

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Karagjol

Bulgaria, 2006Altitude 7,651 faslLatitude 42° N

Slide 40

Taishir

Mongolia, 2007Altitude 5,603 fasl Latitude 46° N

Design Temperature

-67° F

Slide 41

Taishir

Mongolia, 2007Altitude 5,603 fasl Latitude 46° N

Slide 42

Kalin

Bulgaria, 2007Altitude 7,859 faslLatitude 42° N

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Pradeaux

France, 2007Altitude 4,154 faslLatitude 45° N

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Migoelou

France, 2008Altitude 7,478 fasl Latitude 42° N

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ToulesRepair of critical zoneSwitzerland, 2010Altitude 1,810 fslLatitude 45° N

Slide 46

Aubert 1

France, 2010 Altitude 7,055 fsl Latitude 42° N

Slide 47

Silvretta

Austria, 2011Altitude 6,667 faslLatitude 46° N

Slide 48

Mihoesti

Romania, 2011 Altitude 1,906 fasl Latitude 50° N

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Pecineagu

Romania, 2012 Altitude 3,665 faslLatitude 46° N

Slide 50

Pecineagu

Romania, 2012 Altitude 3,665 fasl Latitude 46° N

Slide 51

Gnioure

France, 2012-2013Altitude 6,070 faslLatitude 42° N

Slide 52

Camporredondo

Spain, 2015 Altitude 4,238 fasl Latitude 42° N

Slide 53

Elastic behavior of Geomembrane

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Puncture Test

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HDPE geomembrane

is punctured at 15 m

hydrostatic head

Slide 63

PVC geocomposite is not punctured at

100 m hydrostatic head

Slide 64

Burst Test

Slide 65

487

BURST RESISTANCE

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HDPE geomembrane

HDPE geomembrane deforms less, strain is higher

Slide 76

PVC geocomposite is capable to deform, reducing strain and resisting higher water pressure

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