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IAA Pre Summit Conference,

9 January 2014

Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions

Limaye - 2


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9 January 2014

Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye - 3

How did these

environments come

about?

Did life evolve on all

three planets?

Topography from Magellan

about 100 times coarser than

measured for Mars


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Why are the three planetary neighbors sodifferent?

How, why and when did they take different

evolutionary paths? What can these three planets inform us about

exo-planets with atmospheres?

Venus is a key piece of the puzzle.


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Exploring Venus with International, Coordinated Missions Limaye - 4

Exploration of the solar system began with Venus,

and much about Venus remains a mystery for lack of

a comprehensive and coordinated effort


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Venus should be the most Earthlike planet we know Formed at about the same time

Similar bulk composition with same size

Comparable solar energy input despite orbit differences

An accessible planet for validating ideas about exo-planets with atmospheres

Early Venus was probably much like early Earth Hot dense atmosphere rich in CO2 and water

Similar initial inventory of volatiles and noble gas isotopes

Liquid water on the surface, so climate was very different

Likely spinning faster

Venus also illustrates an extreme fate of the Earth Run-away greenhouse effect restricted by the deep oceans to lower than Venus

temperatures, but still worrisome. In the far future, the insolation at Earth willbe similar to Venus today. Without the ubiquitous cloud cover, what will theclimate be like?

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Exploring Venus with International Coordinated MissionsLimaye et al. - 5


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Why does Venus spin backwards and so slowly? Did it have a moon? Did the atmosphere slow the forward

spin and make it spin backwards?

How does Venus lose its heat?

Why doesnt Venus have a magnetic field? Did Venus ever have a liquid water ocean? How and

when did Venus lose its water? Did life ever evolve on Venus?

Why does the atmosphere rotate so fast? What absorbs the incident sunlight in the ultraviolet ? Does Venus have active volcanoes?Are any of the terrestrial rocky exo-planets with atmospheres like

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IAA Pre Summit Conference,9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al.-8

NASAVenus Flagship Mission Study (NASA)

Venus Climate Mission (Decadal 2013-2022)

Venus In-Situ Explorer (NF, Decadal Survey)

Discovery and NF Proposals (24 so far, 7 last AO)

Russia

Venera-D Mission (Launch in 2021-2023)

ESA

Venus Express (through 2014)

Cosmic Vision Proposals: EVE balloon

and Envision radar orbiter (2007, 2010)

Also Proposed for L2/L3 Themes

JAXA

Venus Climate Orbiter (Akatsuki, VOI in 2015)

ISRO

??

Venera-Dolgozhivushaya (long-lasting) - the

first Russian project in the post-Soviet era to

explore Venus (2003-2013)

NASA Venus Flagship

Mission Study (2008)

Proposed to ESA L2/L3


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IAA Pre Summit Conference,9 January 2014 Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 9

ESA Balloon Mission Study

VESPER Orbiter

Discovery Proposal

SAGE New

Frontiers Proposal

VESAT


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IAA Pre Summit Conference,9 January 2014

Exploring Venus with International Coordinated MissionsLimaye et al. - 10

OrbiterBalloons (54

and 70 km)Landers (2)

4 years 1 Month1-1.5 h (Entry)

and 5 h (Surface)

Instruments Entry Surface

InSAR ASI ASI Microscopic Imager

Vis-NIR Imaging GC-MS

Vis-NIR Cameras,

SpotSpectrometer

XRD/XRF

Neutral Ion Mass

SpectrometerNephelometer GC-MS Heat Flux Plate

Sub-mm

Spectrometer

Vis-NIR

CameraMagnetometer

Passive Gamma Ray

Detector

Magnetometer Magnetometer Net FluxRadiometer

Sample Acquisition,

Xfer andPreparation System

Langmuir Probe Radio Science Nephelometer Drill to ~ 10 cm

Radio Science

(USO)

Microwave Corner

Reflector

Launch 2020 - 2025

Technology

Readiness LevelTRL 6 by 2015

Mission Cost $3-4 B (FY08)

Launch Vehicle Delta IVH Equivalent

DSN 34 m Ka Band stations


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Launch Vehicle Atlas V-551 (w/ 5 m diameter fairing)

Mass (CBE + Cont.) 5306 kg (wet); 2275 kg (dry)

Payload mass (CBE + Cont.) 290.4 kg

Design Dual string design

Power 32 m2 solar panels (9868 W EOL)

Attitude Control 3 axis stabilized

Telecom4 m Ka/X-band (Orbiter-to-Earth to 34-m DSNantennas); 0.5m S-band (Orbiter-to-in situ); 2.5m

S-band (Orbiter-to-in situ);

Functions

Relay telecom support for in situ elements (30

days); 6 months of aerobraking to science orbit;Science orbiter (2 years baseline & 2 years

extended)

Science data return~300 Tbits of data to Earth over 2 years of

science ops.

Venus Design Reference Mission Orbiter


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Proposed to ESA

Cosmic Vision

L2/L3


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Proposed to ESA

Cosmic Vision L2/L3

S


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Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions Limaye et al. - 15

Proposed to ESA

Cosmic Vision L2/L3


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International Collaboration: Recent Developments COSPAR International Venus Exploration Working

Group (IVEWG) formed at the 2012 General

Assembly to foster dialog

Proximity of Venus and short journey makes Venus agood exploration target for a collaborative and

coordinated independent effort by the international

agencies

Concurrent and overlapping missions can increase the

science value returned by deploying coordinated

missions Deployment of innovative technologies and sharing of

ground resources is crucial through international

agreements

Exploring Venus with International Coordinated Missions

Low Level Balloon UAV at cloud tops

SAR or InSAR from orbit


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Exploring Venus: An International Effort

The international Venus community is united regarding the key

science goals and has come together through past and continuing

collaborations:

VeGa Balloon Mission (US and USSR)

Magellan and Venera 15/16

Venus International Reference Atmosphere

Venus Express Mission (ESA/NASA)

Akatsuki (JAXA/NASA/ESA)

Venera-D (IKI/Roscosmos and NASA)

International Space Science Institute International Teams for Models

of Venus Atmosphere

COSPAR International Venus Exploration Working Group (IVEWG)

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Coordinated Effort with Collaborations under the

constrained budgets will be successful through:

Independent and coordinated effort with

international participation throughexchange of mission elements,

instruments and scientists

Planning, Coordination and sharing of

data


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Thank you!

exploring venus limaye iaa

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