exploring the religions of our world chapter 5 hinduism chapter 5 hinduism
TRANSCRIPT
Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Exploring the Religions Exploring the Religions of Our Worldof Our World
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
The BasicsThe Basics• 95% of Hindus live in India95% of Hindus live in India• Hinduism Hinduism emerged emerged as a religion, it did not as a religion, it did not
begin with a founder or particular eventbegin with a founder or particular event• Hinduism shares no doctrinal statementsHinduism shares no doctrinal statements• Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly
claim knowledge of absolute truth claim knowledge of absolute truth
The BasicsThe Basics• 95% of Hindus live in India95% of Hindus live in India• Hinduism Hinduism emerged emerged as a religion, it did not as a religion, it did not
begin with a founder or particular eventbegin with a founder or particular event• Hinduism shares no doctrinal statementsHinduism shares no doctrinal statements• Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly Hindus hold that no one religion can possibly
claim knowledge of absolute truth claim knowledge of absolute truth
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Periods of Hindu HistoryPeriods of Hindu HistoryPeriods of Hindu HistoryPeriods of Hindu History
Pages 184-185Pages 184-185Pages 184-185Pages 184-185
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Indus Valley PeriodThe Indus Valley Period (3000-1500 BCE) (3000-1500 BCE)• emphasis on ritual purityemphasis on ritual purity• focus on fertility and regenerationfocus on fertility and regeneration• the practice of meditationthe practice of meditation• emphasis on peacefulnessemphasis on peacefulness
HistoryHistory (continued) (continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Indus Valley PeriodThe Indus Valley Period (3000-1500 BCE) (3000-1500 BCE)• emphasis on ritual purityemphasis on ritual purity• focus on fertility and regenerationfocus on fertility and regeneration• the practice of meditationthe practice of meditation• emphasis on peacefulnessemphasis on peacefulness
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of: Major developments of:
The Brahminical PeriodThe Brahminical Period (1500-300 BCE) (1500-300 BCE) • ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)• home ritual sacrificeshome ritual sacrifices• gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal
devotion to the godsdevotion to the gods• the gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominencethe gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominence• rise of ascetical practicesrise of ascetical practices
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of: Major developments of:
The Brahminical PeriodThe Brahminical Period (1500-300 BCE) (1500-300 BCE) • ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)ritual sacrifices by the Brahmins (priests)• home ritual sacrificeshome ritual sacrifices• gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal gurus (teachers) train disciples in personal
devotion to the godsdevotion to the gods• the gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominencethe gods Shiva and Vishnu gain in prominence• rise of ascetical practicesrise of ascetical practices
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Classical PeriodThe Classical Period (300-1200 CE) (300-1200 CE) • establishment of Hindu templesestablishment of Hindu temples• growth of home-based ritualsgrowth of home-based rituals• the the VedasVedas become the authoritative scripture become the authoritative scripture• emphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanentemphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanent• emphasis on personal transformation emphasis on personal transformation • the concepts of karma and reincarnation emergethe concepts of karma and reincarnation emerge• the evolution of the caste systemthe evolution of the caste system
History History (continued)(continued)
Major developments of:Major developments of:
The Classical PeriodThe Classical Period (300-1200 CE) (300-1200 CE) • establishment of Hindu templesestablishment of Hindu temples• growth of home-based ritualsgrowth of home-based rituals• the the VedasVedas become the authoritative scripture become the authoritative scripture• emphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanentemphasis shifts from the transcendent to the immanent• emphasis on personal transformation emphasis on personal transformation • the concepts of karma and reincarnation emergethe concepts of karma and reincarnation emerge• the evolution of the caste systemthe evolution of the caste system
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
History History (continued)(continued)
Jainism:Jainism:• founded by Mahavira in the sixth century founded by Mahavira in the sixth century
BCEBCE• contains elements of Hinduism and Buddhismcontains elements of Hinduism and Buddhism• practice non-violence or non-injurypractice non-violence or non-injury
History History (continued)(continued)
Jainism:Jainism:• founded by Mahavira in the sixth century founded by Mahavira in the sixth century
BCEBCE• contains elements of Hinduism and Buddhismcontains elements of Hinduism and Buddhism• practice non-violence or non-injurypractice non-violence or non-injury
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures (the most sacred) (the most sacred)
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures (the most sacred) (the most sacred)
TheTheHolyHoly
VedascVedasc
TheTheHolyHoly
VedascVedasc
1. 1. Rig VedaRig Veda - hymns to various gods - hymns to various gods
2. 2. Soma VedaSoma Veda - hymns chanted at - hymns chanted at sacrifices sacrifices
3. 3. Yajur VedaYajur Veda - instructions for priests - instructions for priests regarding sacrifices regarding sacrifices
4. 4. Atharva VedaAtharva Veda - hymns, charms, spells - hymns, charms, spells and incantations for domestic useand incantations for domestic use
1. 1. Rig VedaRig Veda - hymns to various gods - hymns to various gods
2. 2. Soma VedaSoma Veda - hymns chanted at - hymns chanted at sacrifices sacrifices
3. 3. Yajur VedaYajur Veda - instructions for priests - instructions for priests regarding sacrifices regarding sacrifices
4. 4. Atharva VedaAtharva Veda - hymns, charms, spells - hymns, charms, spells and incantations for domestic useand incantations for domestic use
TheTheVedasVedasTheThe
VedasVedas
TheTheUpanishadsUpanishads
TheTheUpanishadsUpanishads
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures – also… – also…
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)
Shruti ScripturesShruti Scriptures – also… – also…
TheTheUpanishadsUpanishads
TheTheUpanishadsUpanishads
concerned with the cycle of concerned with the cycle of rebirth rebirth
the mystical relationship the mystical relationship between between BrahmanBrahman (Ultimate (Ultimate Reality) and Reality) and atmonatmon (soul) (soul)
often shared in a dialogue often shared in a dialogue between guru and studentbetween guru and student
concerned with the cycle of concerned with the cycle of rebirth rebirth
the mystical relationship the mystical relationship between between BrahmanBrahman (Ultimate (Ultimate Reality) and Reality) and atmonatmon (soul) (soul)
often shared in a dialogue often shared in a dialogue between guru and studentbetween guru and student
PuranasPuranasPuranasPuranasMahabharataMahabharataMahabharataMahabharata
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
MahabharataMahabharataMahabharataMahabharata PuranasPuranasPuranasPuranas
a Hindu epic poema Hindu epic poema Hindu epic poema Hindu epic poemstories of the gods:stories of the gods:
Brahma, Vishnu, ShivaBrahma, Vishnu, Shivastories of the gods:stories of the gods:
Brahma, Vishnu, ShivaBrahma, Vishnu, Shiva
Sacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)Smriti ScripturesSmriti ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred ScripturesSacred Stories and Sacred Scriptures (continued)(continued)Smriti ScripturesSmriti Scriptures
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices
MostMost Hindus hold these beliefs in common: Hindus hold these beliefs in common:
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices
MostMost Hindus hold these beliefs in common: Hindus hold these beliefs in common:
millions ofmillions ofgods andgods andgoddessesgoddesses
millions ofmillions ofgods andgods andgoddessesgoddesses
the cycle ofthe cycle ofrebirthrebirth
the cycle ofthe cycle ofrebirthrebirth
the sacrednessthe sacrednessof lifeof life
the sacrednessthe sacrednessof lifeof life
the castethe castesystemsystem
the castethe castesystemsystem
the four stagesthe four stagesof lifeof life
the four stagesthe four stagesof lifeof life
is the life-is the life-force of theforce of the
universeuniverse
is the life-is the life-force of theforce of the
universeuniverse
includes every-includes every-thing materialthing materialand immaterialand immaterial
includes every-includes every-thing materialthing materialand immaterialand immaterial
is manifestedis manifestedin gods andin gods andgoddessesgoddesses
is manifestedis manifestedin gods andin gods andgoddessesgoddesses
has nohas noattributesattributes
has nohas noattributesattributes
isistranscendenttranscendent
isistranscendenttranscendent
cannot becannot begrasped bygrasped by
the five sensesthe five senses
cannot becannot begrasped bygrasped by
the five sensesthe five senses
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)Brahman Brahman = one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which: = one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which:
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)Brahman Brahman = one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which: = one Ultimate Reality or Absolute Reality which:
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
An An avataravatar is the incarnation of a god or goddess is the incarnation of a god or goddess e.g. Krishna and Ramae.g. Krishna and Rama
An An avataravatar is the incarnation of a god or goddess is the incarnation of a god or goddess e.g. Krishna and Ramae.g. Krishna and Rama
3 primary3 primaryforms of forms of BrahmanBrahman
3 primary3 primaryforms of forms of BrahmanBrahman
1. 1. BrahmaBrahma is the Creator god is the Creator god2. 2. VishnuVishnu is the Preserving god is the Preserving god3. 3. ShivaShiva is the Destroying god is the Destroying god
1. 1. BrahmaBrahma is the Creator god is the Creator god2. 2. VishnuVishnu is the Preserving god is the Preserving god3. 3. ShivaShiva is the Destroying god is the Destroying god
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Atman:Atman:• is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions
are “maya” or illusions)are “maya” or illusions)• Hindus strive for release from maya in order Hindus strive for release from maya in order
to achieve union with Brahman/atmanto achieve union with Brahman/atman• Moksha (liberation) is achieved through Moksha (liberation) is achieved through
rigorous physical and mental discipline rigorous physical and mental discipline
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
Atman:Atman:• is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions is the “real self” (mind, body, and emotions
are “maya” or illusions)are “maya” or illusions)• Hindus strive for release from maya in order Hindus strive for release from maya in order
to achieve union with Brahman/atmanto achieve union with Brahman/atman• Moksha (liberation) is achieved through Moksha (liberation) is achieved through
rigorous physical and mental discipline rigorous physical and mental discipline
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
SamsaraSamsara - the cycle of rebirth - the cycle of rebirth
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
SamsaraSamsara - the cycle of rebirth - the cycle of rebirth
birthbirthbirthbirth deathdeathdeathdeath
rebirthrebirthrebirthrebirth
karmakarmakarmakarma
breaking the cyclebreaking the cycle::
knowledgeknowledge
good deedsgood deeds
devotiondevotion
breaking the cyclebreaking the cycle::
knowledgeknowledge
good deedsgood deeds
devotiondevotion
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
The major pursuits of life:The major pursuits of life:
Beliefs and PracticesBeliefs and Practices (continued)(continued)
The major pursuits of life:The major pursuits of life:
Dharma Dharma
one’s duties in life, one’s duties in life, especially as dictatedespecially as dictated
by casteby caste
Dharma Dharma
one’s duties in life, one’s duties in life, especially as dictatedespecially as dictated
by casteby caste
ArthaArtha
pursuit of bothpursuit of bothmaterial andmaterial and
political wealthpolitical wealth
ArthaArtha
pursuit of bothpursuit of bothmaterial andmaterial and
political wealthpolitical wealth
KamaKama
pursuit of artistic, pursuit of artistic, recreational, and recreational, and sensual pleasuresensual pleasure
KamaKama
pursuit of artistic, pursuit of artistic, recreational, and recreational, and sensual pleasuresensual pleasure
MokshaMoksha
pursuit of liberationpursuit of liberationfrom the cycle offrom the cycle ofrebirth through rebirth through
actions, thoughts, actions, thoughts, and devotionsand devotions
MokshaMoksha
pursuit of liberationpursuit of liberationfrom the cycle offrom the cycle ofrebirth through rebirth through
actions, thoughts, actions, thoughts, and devotionsand devotions
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
SikhismSikhism• a blending of Hinduism and Islama blending of Hinduism and Islam• is monotheistic is monotheistic • beliefsbeliefs: karma, samsara, moksha, equality: karma, samsara, moksha, equality• rejectsrejects: caste system, idol worship: caste system, idol worship• signs of devotionsigns of devotion: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword• many have a desire to found and establish their own homelandmany have a desire to found and establish their own homeland
SikhismSikhism• a blending of Hinduism and Islama blending of Hinduism and Islam• is monotheistic is monotheistic • beliefsbeliefs: karma, samsara, moksha, equality: karma, samsara, moksha, equality• rejectsrejects: caste system, idol worship: caste system, idol worship• signs of devotionsigns of devotion: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword: unshorn hair, comb, short pants, steel bracelet, short sword• many have a desire to found and establish their own homelandmany have a desire to found and establish their own homeland
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Sacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred SpacesSacred Places and Sacred Spaces
templestemplesmany images ofmany images ofgods/goddessesgods/goddesses
templestemplesmany images ofmany images ofgods/goddessesgods/goddesses
home shrineshome shrinesmany images ofmany images ofgods/goddessesgods/goddesses
home shrineshome shrinesmany images ofmany images ofgods/goddessesgods/goddesses
Ganges RiverGanges Riversymbol of life w/o endsymbol of life w/o end
ritual bathingritual bathing
Ganges RiverGanges Riversymbol of life w/o endsymbol of life w/o end
ritual bathingritual bathing
pujapujahonoring the godshonoring the gods
pujapujahonoring the godshonoring the gods
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens
Similarities:Similarities:• toleration of religious diversitytoleration of religious diversity• pursuing social issuespursuing social issues• honoring Jesus and his teachingshonoring Jesus and his teachings• the tradition of depicting and venerating the tradition of depicting and venerating
religious imagesreligious images
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens
Similarities:Similarities:• toleration of religious diversitytoleration of religious diversity• pursuing social issuespursuing social issues• honoring Jesus and his teachingshonoring Jesus and his teachings• the tradition of depicting and venerating the tradition of depicting and venerating
religious imagesreligious images
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens (continued)(continued)
Differences:Differences:• karmakarma• reincarnationreincarnation• the caste systemthe caste system• Jesus as the one and only incarnation of GodJesus as the one and only incarnation of God
Hinduism through a Catholic LensHinduism through a Catholic Lens (continued)(continued)
Differences:Differences:• karmakarma• reincarnationreincarnation• the caste systemthe caste system• Jesus as the one and only incarnation of GodJesus as the one and only incarnation of God
Chapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduismChapter 5 Chapter 5 HinduismHinduism
BrahminsBrahmins shrutishruti gurusgurus bhaktibhakti SanskritSanskrit karmakarma caste systemcaste system
BrahminsBrahmins shrutishruti gurusgurus bhaktibhakti SanskritSanskrit karmakarma caste systemcaste system
mantramantra Hare KrishnasHare Krishnas AvatarAvatar BrahmanBrahman transcendenttranscendent AtmanAtman mayamaya
mantramantra Hare KrishnasHare Krishnas AvatarAvatar BrahmanBrahman transcendenttranscendent AtmanAtman mayamaya
samsarasamsara yogayoga satyagrahasatyagraha pujapuja iconoclasmiconoclasm devasdevas
samsarasamsara yogayoga satyagrahasatyagraha pujapuja iconoclasmiconoclasm devasdevas
VocabularyVocabularyVocabularyVocabulary