exploring the ocean ms. bridgeland 6 th grade. why have people been interested in studying the ocean...
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EXPLORING THE OCEAN
Ms. Bridgeland 6th Grade
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Why have people been interested in studying the ocean since ancient
times?
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3 Major Reasons
• 1) Ocean provides FOOD
• 2) Serves as a route for TRADE
• 3) Is a way to TRAVEL – Travel to have accurate maps– Fame for scientific discoveries
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The Challenger*The crew of a British ship, THE CHALLENGER began a voyage in 1872
*lasted about 1,000 days
*first ship used for OCEAN RESEARCH
*by the end of the journey, scientists on the ship had gathered enough data to collect 4,000 new organisms
*gathered data on temperature, currents, water chemistry, ocean floor deposits
*led by Captain James Cook
*was a model for later ocean research expeditions
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Exploring the Ocean Floor
• Until recently, the ocean floor was unexplored• No helpful ocean floor research until 1925
• WHY did it take so long to explore the ocean floor?
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The ocean floor is more than twice as deep as the Grand Canyon
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The ocean floor is about 3.8 kilometers deep
•Why is it difficult to study life at this depth?
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Conditions are very HARSH
• There is NO sunlight at this depth
• The water is very COLD
• Deep water exerts tremendous PRESSURE
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Discoveries that helped scientists study the ocean floor
•SONAR: Sound navigation and ranging
• a system that uses sound waves to calculate the distance to an object• Pulses bounce off the ocean floor
and return to the ship • 1925
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S.C.U.B.A.
• 1943: self-contained underwater breathing apparatus
• A tank containing compressed air that is strapped to a diver’s back and connected by a tube to a mouthpiece
• Only enables divers to explore to a depth of 40 meters
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1960 -Submersibles
• Explorers traveled on a submersible called “Trieste”
• Thick metal helped them safely reach lower depths
• Was sent into the “Challenger Deep” which is the Mariana Trench
• Moved 3 ft per second and reached the ocean floor in about 4 hours
• At the Navy Museum in Washington, D.C.
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2003: Deep Flight Aviator
• A new type of submersible was launched in San Francisco Bay.
• Moved faster and more easily than others• Passengers could see more