exploring the challenges of automotive ethernet - … · exploring the challenges of automotive...

V1.2 | 2016-05-30

Sept 27th 2017, Vector UK Conference

Exploring the Challenges of Automotive Ethernet

Introduction

Introduction

Physical layers

Ethernet vs. Traditional Bus Systems

Use-oriented protocols

Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN)

Challenges

Validation Challenges

Summary

3

Simple Question! What are you doing?

Wired Acronyms And Terms

Introduction

802.3bp

RTPGE

802.3bw

802.3bv

1TPCE

1000BASE-T1

100BASE-T1

BroadR-Reach

OABR

OPEN

Ethernet

IP

IEEE

GBPOF

4

IEEE 802.3 Task Force names

Wired Acronyms And Terms – Let’s Sort The Terms

Introduction

802.3bp

RTPGE

802.3bw

802.3bv

1TPCE

1000BASE-T1

100BASE-T1

BroadR-Reach

OABR

OPEN

Ethernet

IP

IEEE

GBPOF

1TPCE = One (1) Twisted Pair 100 Megabit (C = century = 100) Ethernet

RTPGE = Reduced Twisted Pair Gigabit Ethernet

GBPOF = Gigabit Ethernet Over Plastic Optical Fiber

5

IEEE 802.3xx Name of a project within an IEEE Working Group


Introduction

802.3bp

RTPGE

802.3bw

802.3bv

1TPCE

1000BASE-T1

100BASE-T1

BroadR-Reach

OABR

OPEN

Ethernet

IP

IEEE

GBPOF

bw = One (1) Twisted Pair 100 Megabit (C = century = 100) Ethernet

bp = Reduced Twisted Pair Gigabit Ethernet

bv = Gigabit Ethernet Over Plastic Optical Fiber

6

Name of the physical layer


Introduction

802.3bp

RTPGE

802.3bw

802.3bv

1TPCE

1000BASE-T1

100BASE-T1

BroadR-Reach

OABR

OPEN

Ethernet

IP

IEEE

GBPOF 100BASE-T1 = 100 Megabit Baseband One Pair

1000BASE-T1= 1 Gigabit Baseband One Pair

T.B.D = Gigabit Ethernet Over Plastic Optical Fiber

7

Organizations and Technology


Introduction

802.3bp

RTPGE

802.3bw

802.3bv

1TPCE

1000BASE-T1

100BASE-T1

BroadR-Reach

OABR

OPEN

Ethernet

IP

IEEE

GBPOF OABR, (OPEN Alliance) BroadR-Reach

Early name for 100BASE-T1 when IEEE has not been involved and OPEN Alliance introduced Broadcom’s BroadR-Reach technology to the automotive world.

OPEN, OPEN Alliance = One Pair Ethernet Network Alliance

8

Organizations

Introduction

One Pair Ethernet Network Alliance

“One voice” from the automobile industry

Two types of membership

Promoters (~16)

Adopters (~299)

Hosts 12 Technical Committees (TC)

Address all open items, not harmonized within other documents. E.g. compliance tests, interoperability tests, minimum requirements, …

Institute of Electrical and

Electronics Engineers

802.3 „Home“ of Ethernet

ISO 21111

Road vehicles –

In-vehicle Ethernet

9

Separate Areas of Activity

Introduction

“Channel”

15 meter

Single UTP

EMC

…

PHY MAC MAC PHY

3 Network

4 Transport

5 Session

6 Presentation

7 Application

2 Data Link

1 Physical

3 Network

4 Transport

5 Session

6 Presentation

7 Application

2 Data Link

1 Physical

Confo

rmance/I

nte

ropera

bility t

ests

Confo

rmance/I

nte

ropera

bility t

ests

Physical layers

Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

11

IEEE 100Base-TX

Physical layers

100Base-TX

PHY

100Base-TX

PHY

MDI

100 Mbit/s

FULL DUPLEX

ECU 1 ECU 2

MDI

Tx Rx Tx Rx

Coding/Decoding:

NRZI, 4B5B, MLT-3

Clock recovery/Synchronization:

Each path is activated by transmitter

Synchronization is done continuously

12

IEEE 1000Base-T

Physical layers

MASTER

1000Base-T

PHY

SLAVE

1000Base-T

PHY

MDI

1000 Mbit/s

FULL DUPLEX

ECU 1 ECU 2

MDI

Coding/Decoding:

4D-PAM5, 8B1Q4

Clock recovery:

Master-slave behavior

Role is configured or negotiated

13

Open Alliance BroadR-Reach

Physical layers

MASTER

BroadR-Reach

PHY

MDI

SLAVE

BroadR-Reach

PHY

MDI

100 Mbit/s

FULL DUPLEX

ECU 1 ECU 2

UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair

Coding/Decoding:

4B3B, 3B2T, PAM3



Configured in PHY

14

Open Alliance BroadR-Reach

Physical layers

MASTER

BroadR-Reach

PHY

MDI

SLAVE

BroadR-Reach

PHY

MDI

100 Mbit/s

FULL DUPLEX

ECU 1 ECU 2

UTP: Unshielded Twisted Pair

Coding/Decoding:

80B/81B, 3B2T, PAM3



Configured in PHY

Parity bits part of forward error correction


Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

16

Switched Networks


CAN

ECU #B ECU #C ECU #A

Ethernet

ECU #A ECU #B ECU #D

Switch Switch

ECU #C

17

Ethernet as High-speed Connection


CAN

Ethernet

ECU #A ECU #B ECU #C

18

MAC MAC

Connecting Networks – IP vs. MAC


Ethernet


Switch Switch Ethernet


Switch Switch

Gateway/Router

Gateway/Router

IP

19

Frames And Efficiency


Identifier Length Payload

0 … 8/64 Byte Checksum

CAN/CAN FD Data Frame*

Destination MAC-Address

Source MAC-Address

Type-Field Payload

42 … 1500 Byte

Ethernet Packet*

Checksum

min. 64 Byte

13% at 8 Byte

98% at 1500 Byte

min. ~6 Byte

57% at 8 Byte

Used Bandwidth

* simplified


Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

21

SOME/IP: Scalable Service-Oriented Middleware over IP


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ethernet PHY

Ethernet MAC +

VLAN

IPv4/IPv6

TCP/UDP

SOME/IP

Service

Control/Discovery

Application areas:

> SOME/IP-SD: SOME/IP Service Discovery

> SOME/IP: Service-oriented data transmission for controlled communication

Sig

nal-

based

Receiver

Sender Sig val A Sig val A Sig val A Invalid

Value available

t

Event val A

Event val A Event val A Subscribe

Serv

ice-b

ased

Client

Server t

Published Signal

22

DoIP: Diagnostics over IP


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ethernet PHY

Ethernet MAC +

VLAN

IPv4/IPv6

TCP/UDP

DoIP

Diagnostics and

Flash Update

Application areas:

> Diagnostics over Ethernet and IP

> Flash programming

Description file: CDD, ODX, etc.

Tester needs a description file for each ECU

Logical address:

For each ECU and Tester an own logical address has to be defined

UDP/IP or TCP/IP:

Layer 3: IP addresses (e.g. 192.168.1.10)

Layer 4: UDP/TCP ports (e.g. 13400)

GW Door

Roof Seat

CAN

Tester

Tester

Ethernet Activation

Line

23

XCP: Universal Measurement and Calibration Protocol


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ethernet PHY

Ethernet MAC +

VLAN

IPv4/IPv6

TCP/UDP

XCP

Measurement and

Calibration

Application areas:

> Measurement (asynchronous/synchronous)

> Calibration (adjusting/parameterizing)

> Flash programming

Description file: A2L

> Describes memory addresses and available objects of an ECU

24

AVB: Audio Video Bridging


1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Ethernet PHY

Ethernet MAC +

VLAN

AVB

Audio/Video

Time Sync

Application area:

> Time synchronous data transmission

> Assured worst case latency for data transmission

> Priority controlled data transmission

Needs Ethernet Frames or VLAN Frames:

> Various Ethernet Type: e.g. 0x88F7 (gPTP)


Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

26

It began with the IEEE standardization out of the

Audio/Video Bridging Task Group, specifying the basis for low latency transmission on Ethernet > IEEE 802.1BA "Audio Video Bridging (AVB) Systems"

> IEEE 802.1AS "Timing and Synchronization for Time-Sensitive Applications (gPTP)"

> IEEE 802.1Qav "Forwarding and Queuing for Time-Sensitive Streams (FQTSS)"

> IEEE 802.1Qat "Stream Reservation Protocol (SRP)"

and standards for time sensitive applications > IEEE 1722 "Layer 2 Transport Protocol (AVTP)"

> IEEE 1733 "Layer 3 Transport Protocol (RTP)"

What is TSN – It began with AVB …


T3 T2 T1 Presentation Time

Time Sensitive Data

Best Effort Data

T2 T1 T3

? T3 T2 T1 T1 TG <

TG TG

Tx Rx

Idle Slope

Send Slope

Credit Based Shaper

- +

27

The IEEE Time-Sensitive Networking Task Group as the successor of the AVB Task Group

specifies the basis for deterministic transmission on Ethernet > IEEE 802.1Qbv "Enhancements for Scheduled Traffic"

and standards for latency reduction > IEEE 802.1Qbu "Frame Preemption"

> IEEE 802.3br "Specification and Management Parameters for Interspersing Express Traffic"

and standards for Safety and Security > IEEE 802.1CB "Frame Replication and Elimination for Reliability"

> IEEE 802.1Qci "Per-Stream Filtering and Policing"

What is TSN – … and has been extended to TSN


Deterministic Data

Non Deterministic Data

S2 S1 S3

Time Aware Shaper

Time Slot

Tx Rx

TG

TG

Gate Gate Control List

Challenges

Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

29

The “Real” Challenges When Introducing Ethernet

Challenges

CAN Ethernet

LIN

FlexRay

pWLAN

MOST

30

Change in bus concept – point to point networking rather than bus topology

Topology ( Star , Daisy Chain or combination)

Ethernet Switches and configuration

ARL configuration – needs time at the start up if configured to work dynamically

VLAN concept usage

Domain based – will also affect switch configuration

Security

Will affect the VLAN concept ( tester only can see DoIP VLAN)

TLS – transport layer security ( TCP/UDP)

Variety of different protocols

Service oriented data transmission

Dynamic data serialisation in SOME/IP for complex data streams

Complexity – too much information

Challenges with the Ethernet implementation

Challenges


Introduction

Physical layers




Challenges


Summary

32

Many new protocols

Bigger challenge for test tool vendors

Interoperability testing (e.g. OPEN TC8)

Extracting the data out of Ethernet network

Mirroring monitoring port

Tap the link

Robustness testing

Fault Injection at the different layers

Availability of valid Database ( ARXML )

AUTOSAR Adaptive

Requirements for software integration testing

Many data sources for autonomous features in the car

Cameras, Radar, Lidar as well as V2x

Sensor fusion algorithm have to be developed and tested in this complex scenarios

Validation and Verification Challenges


33

Managing big data

Validation and Verification Challenges


25 GB/s AURORA

AURORA

DAP

NEXUS

JTAG

XCPonEth

CANape

2 x 100 MB/s

100 Mbs/s

CANoe 200 Mbs/s

Filtering of Parameters

Filtering of Frames

Calibration Testing/Monitoring

34

Selecting the BroadR-Reach for correct reasons

Careful assessment of your requirement before choosing TSN

Choosing the suitable application layer protocol

Keeping the validation challenges in mind while designing the network

Extracting the data out of Ethernet network

Data Safety and Security part of the Ethernet design

Summary

Summary

35 © 2016. Vector Informatik GmbH. All rights reserved. Any distribution or copying is subject to prior written approval by Vector. V1.2 | 2016-05-30

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exploring the challenges of automotive ethernet - … · exploring the challenges of automotive...

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