exploring the americasyourhistorysite.com/the american journey/chap02.pdfthroughout europe main idea...

36

Exploring the Americas

1400ndash1625Why It Matters

Although the English have been the major influence on United States history they areonly part of the story Beginning with Native Americans and continuing through time

people from many cultures came to the Americas

The Impact TodayThe Americas today consist of people from cultures around the globe Native Americans

Spanish Africans and others discussed in Chapter 2 have all played key roles in shapingthe culture we now call American

The American Journey Video The chapter 2 video ldquoExploring the Americasrdquopresents the challenges faced by European explorers and discusses the reasons they cameto the Americas

1497bull John Cabot sails to

Newfoundland

1429bull Joan of Arc defeats

the English at Frenchtown of Orleacuteans

c 1456bull Johannes Gutenberg

uses movable metaltype in printing

c 1500bull Songhai Empire rises in Africa

bull Rome becomes a major centerof Renaissance culture

1513bull Balboa crosses the

Isthmus of Panama

CHAPTER 2 Exploring the Americas

1400 1450 1500

1492bull Christopher Columbus

reaches America

AJ-36

null

43572304

37

c 1570bull Iroquois form

League of Five Nations

1607bull Jamestown

settled

1517bull Martin Luther

promotes Church reform

1522bull Magellanrsquos crew

completes first world voyage

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 2mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Founding of Maryland by Emanuel Leutze Native Americans lived in NorthAmerica long before the Europeans arrived


1550 1600

1534bull Cartier claims

Canada forFrance

1620bull Pilgrims found

Plymouth

1588 bull England defeats

Spanish Armada

Fran

ce

France

England

Spain

Spain

Step 1 Fold the paper from the top right cornerdown so the edges line up Cut off the leftover piece

Evaluating Information Study FoldableMake this foldable to help you learn aboutEuropean exploration of the Americas

Reading and Writing As you read ask yourselfwhy England France and Spain were exploringthe Americas Write your questions under eachappropriate pyramid wall

Step 2 Fold the triangle in half Unfold

Step 3 Cut up one fold line and stop at themiddle Draw an X on one tab and label theother three

Step 4 Fold the X flap under the other flap andglue together

Fold a triangleCut off the extra

edge

This makes a three-sidedpyramid

The foldswill form an Xdividing four

equal sections

1271Marco Polo travels toChina from Italy

1324Mansa Musa makes a pilgrimage to Makkah

c 1400Renaissance spreadsthroughout Europe

Main IdeaNew knowledge and ideas led Euro-peans to explore overseas

Key Termsclassical Renaissance technologyastrolabe caravel pilgrimagemosque

Reading StrategyDetermining Cause and Effect Asyou read the section re-create thediagram below and identify three reasons Europeans increased over-seas exploration

Read to Learnbull how technology made long sea

voyages possiblebull how great civilizations flourished

in Africa

Section ThemeCulture and Traditions The spirit of the Renaissance changed the wayEuropeans thought about the world

A ChangingWorld

In 1271 Marco Polo set off from the city of Venice on a great trek across Asia toChina Only 17 years old at the time Polo journeyed with his father and uncle bothVenetian merchants Traveling on camels for more than three years the merchantscrossed almost 7000 miles (11265 km) of mountains and deserts Finally theyreached the palace of Kublai Khan (KOObullbluh KAHN) the Mongol emperor ofChina There Marco Polo spent 17 years working for the Khan and learning muchabout Chinarsquos advanced culture

Expanding HorizonsFor centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire the people of western

Europe were isolated from the rest of the world Their world dominated by theCatholic Church was divided into many small kingdoms and city-states

Meanwhile the religion known as Islam swept across the Middle East andAfrica The followers of Islam are known as Muslims As Muslim power grew

Marco Polo

38 CHAPTER 2 Exploring the Americas

Causes of Europeanexploration

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1200 1300 1400

AJ-38

null

81397285

39CHAPTER 2 Exploring the Americas

European Christians became fearful of losingaccess to the Holy Land the birthplace of Chris-tianity in what is now Israel

Beginning in 1095 the Europeans launchedthe first of nine expeditions known as the Cru-sades to regain control of their holy sites TheCrusades brought west Europeans into contactwith the Middle East Arab merchants sold spicessugar silk and other goods from China and Indiato the Europeans As European interest in Asiagrew Marco Polo returned from China In 1296he began writing an account of his trip describingthe marvels of Asia Polorsquos Travels was widelyread in Europe Little did he realize that 200years later his book about the East would inspireChristopher Columbus and others to sail in theopposite direction to reach the same destination

EconomicsThe Growth of Trade

Merchants could make a fortune sellinggoods from the Orient Wealthy Europeansclamored for cinnamon pepper cloves andother spices They also wanted perfumes silksand precious stones

Buying the goods from Arab traders in theMiddle East the merchants sent them overlandby caravan to the Mediterranean Sea and thenby ship to Italian ports The cities of VeniceGenoa and Pisa prospered and became centersof the growing East-West trade The Arab mer-chants however charged very high prices Asdemand for Asian goods increased Europeansbegan looking for a route to the East thatbypassed the Arab merchants

The Growth of IdeasIn the 1300s a powerful new spirit emerged in

the Italian city-states and spread throughoutEurope The development of banking and theexpansion of trade with Asia made Italian mer-chants wealthy These citizens were able to pur-sue an interest in the regionrsquos past and learnmore about the glorious civilizations of ancientRome and Greece

Because they wanted to improve their knowl-edge of people and of the world Italians studiedthe classicalmdashancient Greek and Romanmdash

$

works with new interest Scholars translatedGreek manuscripts on philosophy poetry andscience Many thinkers of this period began totake a more experimental approach to sciencethey tested new and old theories and evaluatedthe results

Influenced by the classical texts a great manyauthors began to write about the individual andthe universe Artists studied the sculpture andarchitecture of the classical world They particu-larly admired the harmony and balance in Greekart with its realistic way of portraying people

The RenaissanceThis period of intellectual and artistic cre-

ativity became known as the Renaissance (REH

bullnuhbullSAHNTS) A French word meaningldquorebirthrdquo it refers to the renewed interest inclassical Greek and Roman learning Over thenext two centuries the Renaissance spreadnorth south and west reaching Spain andnorthern Europe in the 1400s

The spirit of the Renaissance dramaticallychanged the way Europeans thought aboutthemselves and the world It encouraged themto pursue new ideas and set new goals it pavedthe way for an age of exploration and discovery

Describing What cultures influencedthe Renaissance

Powerful Nations EmergeDuring the 1400s the population of western

Europe began to increase Merchants andbankers in the growing cities wanted to expandtheir businesses through foreign trade If theycould buy spices and silks from the East directlywithout going through the Arab and Italiancities they could earn huge profits They lookedfor alternatives to the overland route throughthe Middle East

The development of large nation-states inwestern Europe helped expand trade and inter-est in overseas exploration For many yearsEurope had been a patchwork of small statesPolitical power was divided among local lordsand few people traveled outside their region

AJ-39

null

2638991

ldquoLand hordquo The tools that early explorers used tosail the uncharted seas were much different fromthe instruments used today One early navigationtool was the astrolabe A sailor held the astrolabevertically located a star through its sights andmeasured the starrsquos elevation above thehorizon A shiprsquos approximate latitudecould be identified this way

Today navigation satellites do the work of anastrolabemdashand more The NAVSTAR GlobalPositioning System (GPS) satellites werelaunched by the United States in 1993 Fromspace the GPS can track the location of avehicle on the earth to within a few metersof its actual position

Astrolabe to Satellite

Satellites transmitscientific data

Sailors used the astro-labe for navigation

By the 1400s however a new type of central-ized state was emerging in western EuropeStrong monarchs came to power in Spain Por-tugal England and France They began toestablish national laws courts taxes andarmies to replace those of local lords Theseambitious kings and queens sought ways toincrease trade and make their countriesstronger and wealthier

Explaining What resulted from theemergence of large nation-states

Technologyrsquos ImpactAdvances in technologymdashthe use of scientific

knowledge for practical purposesmdashpaved theway for European voyages of exploration In the1450s the introduction of movable type and theprinting press made it much easier to printbooks Now more people could have access tobooks and to new information After its publica-tion in print form in 1477 many Europeans readMarco Polorsquos Travels

GeographyBetter Maps

Maps were a problem for early navigatorsMost maps were inaccurate because they weredrawn from the often-mistaken impressions oftraders and travelers Little by little cartogra-phers or mapmakers gradually improvedtheir skills

Using the reports of explorers and informa-tion from Arab geographers mapmakers mademore accurate land and sea maps These mapsshowed the direction of ocean currents Theyalso showed lines of latitude which measuredthe distance north and south of the Equator

Better instruments were developed for navi-gating the seas Sailors could determine theirlatitude while at sea with an astrolabe aninstrument that measured the position of starsEuropeans also acquired the magnetic compassa Chinese invention that began to be widelyused in Europe and the Middle East in the 1200sThe compass allowed sailors to determine theirdirection when they were far from land

Better ShipsAdvances in ship design allowed ship-

builders to build sailing vessels capable of longocean voyages The stern rudder and the trian-gular sail made it possible for ships to sail intothe wind Both of these new features came fromthe Arabs In the late 1400s the Portuguesedeveloped the three-masted caravel The caravelsailed faster than earlier ships and carried morecargo and food supplies It also could float inshallow water which allowed sailors to exploreinlets and to sail their ships up to the beach to


AJ-40

null

16650511


make repairs A Venetian sailor calledthe caravels ldquothe best ships thatsailed the seasrdquo

By the mid-1400s the Italian portsfaced increased competition for for-eign trade Powerful countries likePortugal and Spain began searchingfor sea routes to Asia launching a newera of exploration Portugal began itsexploration by sending ships downthe west coast of Africa which Euro-peans had never visited before

Explaining How didthe caravel affect overseas exploration in thefifteenth and sixteenth centuries

African KingdomsPowerful kingdoms flourished in

Africa south of the Sahara between400 and 1600 The region was richwith natural resources Africansmined gold copper and iron oreTrade with Islamic societies in NorthAfrica brought both wealth andIslamic ideas and customs to theWest African kingdoms

City-states on the east coast of Africa also ben-efited from trade There Arab traders from theMiddle East brought cotton silk and porcelainfrom India and China to exchange for ivory andmetals from the African interior

As the Portuguese sailed south along theAfrican coastline in the mid-1400s they set uptrading posts From these they traded for goldand for slaves

GhanamdashA Trading EmpireBetween 400 and 1100 a vast trading empire

called Ghana emerged in West Africa Welllocated between the salt mines of the Sahara andthe gold mines to the south Ghana prosperedfrom the taxes the leaders of the empire imposedon trade

Caravans with gold ivory and slaves fromGhana crossed the Sahara to North Africa Mus-lim traders from North Africa loaded caravans

N

S

EW

1000 kilometers0Lambert Equal-Area projection

1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene

Wealthy African trading kingdoms existed before Europeanssailed west to find riches1 Location What direction is Ghat from Timbuktu2 Comparing What African kingdom covered the smallest

area

with salt cloth and brass and headed back toGhana As a result of their trading contactsmany West Africans became Muslims

In 1076 people from North Africa calledAlmoravids attacked Ghana and disrupted itstrade routes While Ghana fought the Almoravidsnew trade routes and gold mines opened up to theeast bypassing Ghana Ghana then began todecline and new states emerged in the region

MalimdashA Powerful KingdomMali one of the new states grew into a pow-

erful kingdom The people of Mali developedtheir own trade routes across the desert to NorthAfrica By the late 1200s Malirsquos expanded terri-

Ghana (c 400ndash1200)

Mali (c 1250ndash1500)

Songhai (c 1500ndash1600)

Trade route

African Trading Kingdoms

AJ-41

null

1751786

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write sentences in which

you use the following groups ofterms classical and Renaissancetechnology astrolabe and caravelpilgrimage and mosque

2 Reviewing Facts Name three tech-nological advances that furtheredEuropean exploration Describe howthese advances helped explorers

Reviewing Themes3 Culture and Traditions How did the

Islamic religion spread to the earlykingdoms of Africa What is thename of the holy book of Islam

Critical Thinking4 Drawing Conclusions Why do you

think the Renaissance began in Italyand not in another part of Europe

5 Comparing Re-create the diagrambelow and compare three Africankingdoms In the outer spacesdescribe each kingdom In theshared space identify similaritiesbetween them

Analyzing Visuals6 Geography Skills Review the map

of the African trading kingdoms onpage 41 Which of the trading king-doms was established earliest In which region of Africa did thethree trading kingdoms develop

tory included the former kingdom of Ghana Thecountry was mainly agricultural but gold minesenriched the kingdom

Malirsquos greatest king Mansa Musa ruled from1312 to 1337 He was described at the time asldquothe most powerful the richest the most fortu-nate the most feared by his enemies and themost able to do good to those around himrdquo

In 1324 Musa a Muslim made a grand pilgrimage to the Muslim holy city of Makkah(also spelled Mecca) in western Saudi Arabia Apilgrimage is a journey to a holy place Arabwriters reported that Musa traveled with a hugemilitary escort Ahead of him marched 500 royalservants who carried gold to distribute alongthe way Musa returned to Mali with an Arabarchitect who built great mosques Muslimhouses of worship in the capital of TimbuktuUnder Mansa Musa Timbuktu became animportant center of Islamic art and learning

The Songhai EmpireSome years later the Songhai (SAWNGbullhy)

people who lived along the Niger River rose upagainst Mali rule They built a navy to control theNiger and in 1468 captured Timbuktu In the late1400s Askigraveya Muhammad brought the Songhai


Science Select a technologicaladvance that has occurred duringyour lifetime Compare its effectsto the effects of one of the techno-logical advances described in Sec-tion 1 Which has had the greaterimpact on society Explain

empire to the height of itspower Askigraveya strength-ened his country andmade it the largest in thehistory of West AfricaHe built many schoolsand encouraged tradewith Europe and Asia

Plan of GovernmentDevoted to Islam Askigraveya introduced laws

based on the teachings of the holy book of Islamthe Quran He appointed Muslim judges touphold Islamic laws Askigraveya also developed asophisticated plan for his countryrsquos governmentHe divided Songhai into five provinces Foreach province he appointed a governor a taxcollector a court of judges and a trade inspectorEveryone in Songhai used the same weights andmeasures and followed the same legal system

In the late 1500s the North African kingdomof Morocco sent an army across the Sahara toattack Songhai gold-trading centers Armedwith guns and cannons the Moroccans easilydefeated the Songhai

Identifying Which African kingdomthrived between AD 400 and AD 1100

MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY

Student Web ActivityVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 2mdashStudent Web Activitiesfor an activity on Africankingdoms

AJ-42

null

1694311

More than 150 years after the death of Marco Polo a young Italian sea captainmdashChristopher Columbusmdashsat down to read Polorsquos Travels with interest Columbus readwhat Polo had to say about the islands of Cipangu or present-day Japan According toPolo Cipangu lay some 1500 miles (2414 km) off the eastern shore of Asia Becausethe earth is round Columbus reasoned a person sailing west from Europe shouldquickly reach Cipangu It could be much closer than anyone thought

Unfortunately Marco Polomdashand therefore Columbusmdashwas wrong

Seeking New Trade RoutesThe maps that Columbus and the first European explorers used did not

include America They showed three continentsmdashEurope Asia and Africamdashmerged together in a gigantic landmass or large area of land This landmasswas bordered by oceans Some explorers thought that the Western (Atlantic)and Eastern (Pacific) Oceans ran together to form what they called the OceanSea At the time no one realized that another huge landmass was missing fromthe maps They also did not realize that the oceans were as large as they are

Main IdeaIn search of trade routes Portugueseexplorers ushered in an era of over-seas exploration

Key Termsline of demarcation strait circumnavigate

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As you readthe section re-create the diagrambelow and identify explorers whenthey traveled and where they went

Read to Learnbull how Portugal led the way in over-

seas explorationbull about Columbusrsquos plan for sailing

to Asia

Section ThemeGeography and History In 1400Europeans had a limited knowledgeof the geography of the world

Early Exploration

c 1000Leif Eriksson lands in present-day Newfoundland

1488Bartholomeu Diasreaches the Indian Ocean

1492Columbus landsin the Americas

1498Vasco da Gamareaches India

1519Magellan beginscircumnavigationof the world

Compass

Explorer Date(s) Region

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

Portugal took the lead in exploring theboundaries of the known world Because Portu-gal lacked a Mediterranean port it could not bepart of the profitable trade between Asia andEurope The countryrsquos ambitious rulers wantedto find a new route to China and India

The Portuguese also hoped to find a moredirect way to get West African gold The goldtraveled by caravan across the desert to NorthAfrica then by ship across the MediterraneanPortuguese traders needed a better route

Early Portuguese VoyagesPrince Henry of Portugal laid the ground-

work for a new era of exploration He was fasci-nated by what lay beyond the knownboundaries of the world In about 1420 he set upa center for exploration on the southwestern tipof Portugal ldquowhere endeth land and where

beginneth seardquo Known as Henry the Navigatorthe prince brought astronomers geographersand mathematicians to share their knowledgewith Portuguese sailors and shipbuilders

As Portuguese ships moved south along thecoast of West Africa they traded for gold andivory and established trading posts Because ofits abundance of gold the area came to beknown as the Gold Coast In the mid-1400s thePortuguese began buying slaves there as well

King John II of Portugal launched new efforts to realize the Portuguese dream of atrading empire in Asia If the Portuguese couldfind a sea route around Africa they could tradedirectly with India and China In the 1480s theking urged Portuguese sea captains to explorefarther south along the African coast

Bartholomeu DiasIn 1487 the king sent Bartholomeu Dias to

explore the southernmost part of Africa As Diasapproached the area he ran into a terrible stormthat carried him off course and around the south-ern tip of Africa Dias wrote that he had beenaround the ldquoCape of Stormsrdquo On learning ofDiasrsquos discovery King John II renamed thissouthern tip of land the Cape of Good Hopemdashhehoped that the passage around Africa might leadto a new route to India

Vasco da GamaThe first Portuguese voyages to India were

made years later In July 1497 after much prepa-ration Vasco da Gama set out from Portugalwith four ships Da Gama sailed down the coastof West Africa rounded the Cape of Good Hopeand visited cities along the coast of East AfricaHe engaged an Arab pilot who knew the IndianOcean well With the pilotrsquos help Da Gamasailed on to India He reached the port of Calicutin 1498 completing the long-awaited eastern searoute to Asia

The Portuguese EmpireEvents moved quickly after that Pedro

Alvares Cabral following Da Gamarsquos routeswung so wide around Africa that he touchedBrazil By claiming the land for his king he gave


The mid-1400s in Europe were a time of adventure greatlearning and curiosity about the world

Analyzing Information What did European missionar-ies try to accomplish

bull European desire for new traderoutes

bull Growing power and wealth of European nations

bull Competition for trade

bull Missionariesrsquo desire to convert others to Christianity

bull Knowledge grows about otherregions

bull Europeans and Native Americansclash

bull Enslavement of Africans

bull Rivalry in the Americas grows

AJ-44

null

19179411

Portugal a stake in the Americas MeanwhilePortuguese fleets began to make annual voyagesto India returning with cargoes that made Lis-bon the marketplace of Europe

Analyzing Why was Portugal interested in exploration

Columbus Crosses the AtlanticChristopher Columbus had a different plan

for reaching Asia He thought he could get thereby sailing west Born in Genoa Italy in 1451Columbus became a sailor for Portugal He hadtraveled as far north as the Arctic Circle and asfar south as the Gold Coast

In the 1400s most educated people believedthe world was round A more difficult matterwas determining its size Columbus was amongthose who based their estimates of the earthrsquossize on the work of Ptolemy an ancient Greekastronomer Columbus believed Asia was about2760 miles (4441 km) from Europemdasha voyageof about two months by ship Ptolemy howeverhad underestimated the size of the world

The Viking VoyagesSeveral centuries before Columbus northern

Europeans called Vikings had sailed west andreached North America In the 800s and 900sViking ships visited Iceland and Greenland andestablished settlements According to Norse

Two or three sails on the foremastand mainmast allowed the ship toldquocatch the windrdquo

Strong hands wereneeded to climbthe rigging into thecrowrsquos nest orlookout platform

1

2

3 Stones and bricks pro-vided ballast to keep theship from tipping overThese stones would bereplaced with cargo inthe Americas Many colonial streets and sidewalks were pavedwith ballast stones

4

Food and water werestored in the hold

Spanish galleonswere about 140 feet(43 meters) long

5

crowrsquos nestcrowrsquos nest

foremast

The crowrsquos nest servedas a lookout

Elaborate living quarters for the captain were placed within the high sterncastle The rest of the crew slept on deck

1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5

SpanishGalleonIn the late 1500s and early1600s Spanish galleons car-ried gold and silver fromthe West Indies to SpainThatrsquos not all these shipscarried however The threatof pirates prompted theSpanish galleons to carryweapons as part of theircargo What powered theSpanish galleons

45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

sagas or traditional stories a Viking sailor namedLeif Eriksson explored a land west of Greenlandknown as Vinland about the year 1000 OtherNorse sagas describe failed attempts by theVikings to settle in Vinland Historians think thatVinland was North America Archaeologists havefound the remains of a Viking settlement in New-foundland No one is sure what other parts ofNorth America the Vikings explored

The Viking voyages to other lands were notwell known Europeans did not ldquodiscoverrdquo theAmericas until Columbus made his great voyage

Spain Backs ColumbusFor most of the 1400s Spanish monarchs

devoted their energy to driving the Muslims outof their country With the fall of the last Muslimkingdom in southern Spain in 1492 King Ferdi-nand and Queen Isabella of Spain could focuson other goals The Spanish had been watchingthe seafaring and trading successes of neighbor-

ing Portugal with envy They too wanted toshare in the riches of Asian trade Columbusneeded a sponsor to finance his ambitious proj-ect of a westward voyage to Asia He visitedmany European courts looking for supportAfter years of frustration he finally found asponsor in Spain

Queen Isabella a devout Christian wasfinally persuaded by her husbandrsquos minister offinance to support the expedition for two rea-sons First Columbus had promised to bringChristianity to any lands he found Second if hefound a way to Asia Spain would become verywealthy She promised Columbus a share of anyriches gained from lands he discovered on hisway to Asia

Columbusrsquos First VoyageOn August 3 1492 Columbus set out from

Palos Spain He had two small ships the Nintildeaand the Pinta and a larger one the Santa Mariacuteacarrying a total of about 90 sailors The smallfleet stopped at the Canary Islands for repairs and to stock up on supplies then sailed west-ward into the unknown

The ships had good winds but after a monthat sea the sailors began to worry Columbuswrote that he was

ldquohaving trouble with the crew I am toldthat if I persist in going onward the best courseof action will be to throw me into the seardquo

Columbus however was determined He toldthe men ldquoI made this voyage to go to the Indiesand [I] shall continue until I find them withGodrsquos helprdquo To convince the crew that they hadnot traveled too far from home Columbus alteredthe distances in his shiprsquos log (See page 959 of the

Primary Sources Library for another log entry by Columbus)

ldquoTierra TierrardquoOn October 12 1492 at 200 in the morning a

lookout shouted ldquoTierra TierrardquomdashldquoLandLandrdquo He had spotted a small island part ofthe group now called the Bahamas Columbuswent ashore claimed the island for Spain andnamed it San Salvador Although he did notknow it Columbus had reached the Americas


Financed by Spainrsquos Queen Isabella the voyages of Columbus led to an exchange of goods betweenEurope and the Americas On what islands ofthe Americas did Columbus first set ashore

History

AJ-46

null

19707137


Who Had the Right to Claim the Americas

Who owned the land of the Americas before the Europeans arrivedDid it belong to the people who already lived there or was it there tobe taken by the Europeans While reading the excerpts below noticethe difference in opinions about who owned the rights to the land of the Americas

Letter from Christopher Columbus to the

King and Queen of Spain March 4 1493

I come from the Indies with the armada

Your Highnesses gave me I found innumer-

able [many] people and very many islands of

which I took possession in Your Highnessesrsquo

name by royal crier and with Your Highnessesrsquo

royal banner unfurled and it was not

contradicted

And I continued to enter very many

harbors in each of which I placed a very

large cross in the most appropriate spot as

I had done in all the other [harbors] of the

other islands

Speech by Chief Red Jacket leader of the SenecaNation to a white missionary 1805There was a time when our forefathers owned this great

island Their seats extended from the rising to the setting ofthe sun The Great Spirit had made it for the use of IndiansHe had created buffalo the deer and other animals forfood He had made the bear and beaver and their skinsserved us for clothing The white people brother had now found our country

Tidings were carried back and more came amongst us Yetwe did not fear them We took them to be friends Brother our seats were once large and yours were verysmall You have now become a great people and we havescarcely a place left tospread our blanketsYou have got our coun-try but you are not

satisfied You want toforce your religionupon us

ChristopherColumbus

47

Learning From History1 According to Christopher Columbus

who owned the land that heexplored in the Americas

2 How did the relationship betweenEuropeans and Native Americansseem to change as more and moreEuropeans came to America

Columbus explored the area forseveral months convinced he hadreached the East Indies the islands offthe coast of Asia Today the Carib-bean Islands are often referred to asthe West Indies Columbus called thelocal people Indians He noted thatthey regarded the Europeans withwonder and often touched them tofind out ldquoif they were flesh and boneslike themselvesrdquo

When Columbus returned toSpain in triumph Queen Isabellaand King Ferdinand received himwith great honor and agreed tofinance his future voyages Colum-bus had earned the title of Admiralof the Ocean Sea

Columbusrsquos Later VoyagesColumbus made three more voy-

ages from Spain in 1493 1498 and1502 He explored the Caribbeanislands of Hispaniola (present-dayHaiti and the Dominican Republic)Cuba and Jamaica and he sailedalong the coasts of Central Americaand northern South America Heclaimed the new lands for Spain andestablished settlements

Columbus originally thought thelands he had found were in AsiaLater explorations made it clear thatColumbus had not reached Asia atall He had found a part of the globeunknown to Europeans Asians andAfricans In the following years theSpanish explored most of theCaribbean region In time their voy-ages led to the establishment of theSpanish Empire in the Americas

Dividing the WorldBoth Spain and Portugal wanted to

protect their claims and they turnedto Pope Alexander VI for help In 1493the pope drew a line of demarcationan imaginary line running down the

AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW

1000 kilometers0Lambert AzimuthalEqual-Area projection

1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS

SCANDINAVIAGREENLAND

ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL

Into the Unknown 1492September 6 Columbuss three ships set sail from the Canary IslandsSeptember 20ndash24 Variable winds force Columbus to change courseOctober 10 Columbus promises to turn back if they do not sight land soonOctober 12 Land is sighted Columbus names the land San Salvador

Verrazano explored the Atlanticcoast from present-day Cape FearNorth Carolina to perhaps as farnorth as Newfoundland

John Cabot suggested that a voyageacross the Atlantic could be quickenedby sailing at a more northerly latitudethan Columbuss route

GeographyExploring America

In 1499 explorer Amerigo Vespucci beganmapping South Americarsquos coastline Vespucciconcluded that South America was a continentnot part of Asia By the early 1500s Europeangeographers had begun to call the continentAmerica in honor of Amerigo Vespucci WhileEuropean geographers discussed Vespuccirsquosfindings others continued to explore America

middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to theSouth Pole Spain was to control all the lands tothe west of the line Portugal was to have controlof all lands to the east of the line Portugal how-ever protested that the division favored SpainAs a result in 1494 the two countries signed theTreaty of Tordesillas (TOHRbulldaybullSEEbullyuhs) anagreement to move the line farther west Thetreaty divided the entire unexplored worldbetween Spain and Portugal

48

European sea captains explored North America South Americaand the islands of the Caribbean Sea1 Movement Who was the first English explorer to sail to

the Americas2 Evaluating Information John Cabotrsquos suggestion was

true Explain why

European Voyages of Exploration

SPANISH

Christopher Columbus (1492ndash1504) Amerigo Vespucci (1499ndash1500)

PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH

John Cabot (1497ndash98) Martin Frobisher (1576ndash78)

FRENCH

Giovanni da Verrazano (1524) Jacques Cartier (1535)

DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481


Vasco Nuacutentildeez de Balboa (balbullBOHbulluh) gov-ernor of a Spanish town in present-day Panamahad heard stories of the ldquogreat watersrdquo beyondthe mountains In 1513 he formed an exploringparty and hiked through the steaming junglesAfter many days of difficult travel the Spaniardclimbed a hill and saw a vast body of waterWhen he reached the waterrsquos edge Balboawaded in and claimed it and the adjoininglands for Spain Balboa was the first Europeanto see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas

Sailing Around the WorldThe Spanish wanted to find a sea route

through or around South America to Asia In1519 they hired Ferdinand Magellan a Por-tuguese mariner to lead an expedition of fiveships Sailing from Spain Magellan headed westacross the Atlantic Ocean and then south alongthe eastern coast of South America

By late November 1520 Magellan had foundand sailed through the narrow twisting seapassage to the Pacific This strait still bears his name At the end of the strait Magellanexclaimed ldquoWe are about to stand [go] into anocean where no ship has ever sailed beforerdquoHe named the ocean the Pacific which meansldquopeacefulrdquo

Checking for Understanding

1 Key Terms Write a short paragraphin which you use the following termsline of demarcation strait circum-navigate

2 Reviewing Facts Who were the firstEuropeans to reach the Americas andwhen did they arrive

Reviewing Themes

3 Geography and History Whatnations signed the Treaty of Torde-sillas What was the purpose of theline of demarcation How did thetreaty affect European exploration of the Americas

Critical Thinking

4 Making Inferences For years manyhistory books claimed that ldquoColum-bus discovered Americardquo Why doyou think Native Americans mightdisagree with the word ldquodiscoveredrdquoin this statement What might be abetter word

5 Organizing Information Re-createthe diagram below and identify theregions Columbus explored

Analyzing Visuals

6 Geography Skills Review the mapof European voyages of explorationon page 48 then answer the ques-tions that follow When did Verra-zano make his voyage For whatcountry did he sail How did Cabotrsquosroute to the Americas differ from thatof Columbus

Regions Columbusexplored

Spanish banner 1492 ChristopherColumbus proudly carried the Spanishbanner of Castile and Leoacuten to theshores of the Bahamas The flagrsquos castle represented Queen IsabellaThe lion symbolized her husbandKing Ferdinand

Americarsquos Flags

Magellan expected to reach Asia in just a fewweeks after rounding South America but thevoyage across the Pacific lasted four months Thecrew ran out of food and ate sawdust rats andleather to stay alive Magellan was killed in askirmish in the Philippines but some of his crewcontinued Their trip had taken almost threeyears Only one of the five original ships and 18of the more than 200 crew members completedthe difficult journey These men were the first tocircumnavigate or sail around the world

Describing Why did Spain financeColumbusrsquos voyage

Geography Draw a map of theworld as you think Columbus mighthave seen it in 1492 Rememberhis error in calculating distance









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50

Iswam closer to get a betterlook and had to stop myselffrom laughing The strangers

had wrapped every part of theirbodies with colorful leaves andcotton Some had decorated theirfaces with fur and wore shinyrocks on their heads Compared tous they were very round Theircanoe was short and square andin spite of all their dipping andpulling it moved so slowly Whata backward distant island theymust have come from But reallyto laugh at guests no matter howodd would be impolite espe-cially since I was the first to meetthem If I was foolish they wouldthink they had arrived at a foolishplace

I kicked toward the canoe andcalled out the simplest thing

ldquoHellordquo The man stared at me as though

hersquod never seen a girl before thenshouted something to his rela-tives They all stopped paddlingand looked in my direction

ldquoHellordquo I tried again ldquoWel-come to home My name is

Morning Girl rdquo

All the fat people in the canoebegan pointing at me and talkingat once In their excitement theyalmost turned themselves overand I allowed my body to sinkbeneath the waves for a momentin order to hide my smile

When I came up they were stillwatching the way babies dowide eyed and with their mouthsuncovered They had much tolearn about how to behave Itwas clear that they hadnrsquot trav-eled much before

From Morning Girl by Michael DorrisText copy 1992 by Michael Dorris Reprintedwith permission from Hyperion Books forChildren

ANALYZING LITERATURE

Chief rsquos chair Taino people

1 Recall and Interpret How does Morning Girl describe thestrangers

2 Evaluate and Connect AreMorning Girlrsquos impressions of thevisitors positive or negativeExplain

Interdisciplinary Activity

Descriptive Writing Imagine thatyou are an explorer who arrived inAmerica with Columbus Describethe people and climate youencounter in America Compare theway people live in America to yourway of life in Europe

Michael Dorris (1945ndash1997)

A Modoc NativeAmericanMichael Dorriswas an edu-cator a socialactivist and anaward-winning

author Morning Girl portraysthe lives of the Taino people ofthe Bahamas

READ TO DISCOVER

Morning Girl is the fictionalstory of a young Native Ameri-can woman who meets Colum-bus and his crew as they arrivein the Bahamas in 1492 Whilereading this passage pay partic-ular attention to plot the char-actersrsquo actions and points ofview and the tone of the story

READERrsquoS DICTIONARY

backward undevelopedMorning Girl a young Taino

woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248


1519Hernaacuten Corteacuteslands in Mexico

1532Francisco Pizarrocaptures Atahualpa

1541De Soto crosses the Mississippi River

1565Spain establishes fort atSt Augustine Florida

Would you like to visit a place described in the following way ldquoA river [stretched] two leagues wide in which there were fishes as big as horses The lordof the country took his afternoon nap under a great tree on which were hung a greatnumber of little gold bells The jugs and bowls were [made] of goldrdquo

ldquo[It was] a land rich in gold silver and other wealth great cities and civilizedpeople wearing woolen clothesrdquo

Spanish ConquistadorsStories of gold silver and kingdoms wealthy beyond belief greeted the early

Spanish explorers in the Americas The reports led them far and wide in searchof fabulous riches

Known as conquistadors (kahnbullKEESbulltuhbulldawrs) these explorers receivedgrants from the Spanish rulers They had the right to explore and establish set-tlements in the Americas In exchange they agreed to give the Spanish crownone-fifth of any gold or treasure discovered This arrangement allowed Spanishrulers to launch expeditions with little risk If a conquistador failed he lost hisown fortune If he succeeded both he and Spain gained wealth and glory

Main IdeaIn the sixteenth century Spain estab-lished and governed a vast empire inthe Americas

Key Termsconquistador tribute pueblo mission presidio encomiendaplantation

Reading StrategyOrganizing Information As youread the section re-create the diagram below and identify Spanishconquistadors along with theregions they explored

Read to Learnbull how the great Aztec and Inca

Empires came to an endbull how Spain governed its empire in

the Americas

Section ThemeCulture and Traditions The conquis-tadors conquered mighty empires inthe Americas

Spain in America

Conquistadorrsquos armor

Conquistador Region Explored

Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W

500 kilometers0Azimuthal Equidistant projection

500 miles0

140degW 40degN

120degW 100degW 80degW

60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN

CUBAHISPANIOLA PUERTO

RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe

Spanish explorers claimed Florida the Caribbean islands andthe southwestern region of North America1 Movement Which conquistador explored areas along

the southern half of the Mississippi River2 Analyzing Information Who was the first explorer to

cross the Rio GrandeCorteacutes Conquers the AztecWhen Hernaacuten Corteacutes landed on the east coast

of what we now know as Mexico in 1519 he waslooking for gold and glory He came with about500 soldiers some horses and a few cannonsCorteacutes soon learned about the great AztecEmpire and its capital of Tenochtitlaacuten

In building their empire the Aztec had con-quered many cities in Mexico These cities wereforced to give crops clothing gold and preciousstones to the Aztec as tribute Corteacutes formedalliances with nearby cities against the Aztec

Corteacutes marched into Tenochtitlaacuten in Novem-ber with his small army and his Native Americanallies The Aztec emperor Montezuma (MAHN

bulltuhbullZOObullmuh)mdashalso spelled Moctezumamdash

welcomed Corteacutes and his soldiers and providedthem with food and a fine palace HoweverCorteacutes took advantage of the Aztecrsquos hospitalityand made Montezuma his prisoner

In the spring of 1520 the Aztec rebelledagainst the Spanish During the fighting Mon-tezuma was hit by stones and later died Thebattle lasted for days Eventually the Spanishwere forced to leave Tenochtitlaacuten Corteacutes how-ever was determined to retake the city Hewaited until more Spanish troops arrived thenattacked and destroyed the Aztec capital in1521 An Aztec poem describes the awful scene


0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58

American Wealth Sent to SpainPonce de Leon 1513

Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598

Modern-day boundaries

Spanish Explorers 1513ndash1598

AJ-52

null

102921074


ldquoWithout roofs are the houses And red are their walls with blood Weep my friendsKnow that with these disasters We have lost our Mexican nationrdquo

The Aztec Empire disintegrated and Spainseized control of the region

Pizarro Conquers PeruThe conquistador Francisco Pizarro sailed

down the Pacific coast of South America withabout 180 Spanish soldiers Pizarro had heardtales of the incredibly wealthy Inca Empire inwhat is now Peru In 1532 Pizarro captured theInca ruler Atahualpa (ahbulltahbullWAHLbullpah)and destroyed much of the Incan army

The following year the Spanish falsely accusedAtahualpa of crimes and executed him The Incawere used to obeying commands from theirrulers Without leadership they were not able tofight effectively Within a few years Pizarro hadgained control of most of the vast Inca Empire

Why Spain SucceededThe conquistadorsrsquo victories in Mexico and

Peru were quick and lasting How could Corteacutesand Pizarro with only a few hundred Spanishsoldiers conquer such mighty empires

First the Spanish arrived with strangeweaponsmdashguns and cannonsmdashand fearsomeanimals They rode horses and had huge fero-cious dogs To the Native Americans the Spanishseemed almost like gods Second many NativeAmericans hated their Aztec overlords andassisted the conquistadors in overthrowing them

Finally disease played an extremely large rolein the Spanish conquest Native Americans hadno immunity to the diseases the Europeans hadunknowingly brought with them Epidemics ofsmallpox and other diseases wiped out entirecommunities in the Americas and did much to weaken the resistance of the Aztec and Inca

Analyzing How were the Spanishable to defeat mighty Native American empires

Who celebrated the first Thanksgiving We all knowthat the Pilgrims celebrated the first Thanksgiving Or didthey On April 30 1598 long before the Pilgrims came toNorth America Spanish colonists held a thanksgivingfeast near present-day El Paso Texas Juan de Ontildeate hadled 400 men and their families across the desert fromMexico After they reached the Rio Grande Ontildeate toldthem to feast and give thanks for the abundance of thenew land

The First Thanksgiving

Spain in North AmericaMexico and Peru were rich in silver and gold

Hoping to find similar wealth to the north con-quistadors explored the southeastern and south-western parts of North America

Juan Ponce de Leoacuten made the first Spanishlanding on the mainland of North Americaarriving on the east coast of present-day Floridain 1513 According to legend Ponce de Leoacutenhoped to find not only gold but the legendaryfountain of youth ldquoa spring of running water ofsuch marvelous virtuerdquo that drinking it ldquomakesold men young againrdquo Ponce de Leoacutenrsquos explo-ration led to the first Spanish settlement in whatis now the United States In 1565 the Spanishestablished a fort at St Augustine Florida

The Seven Cities of CibolaMany other conquistadors searched for quick

riches None ever achieved this goal and severallost their lives trying Aacutelvar Nuacutentildeez Cabeza deVaca (cahbullBAYbullsah day VAHbullcah) was part ofa Spanish expedition to Florida in 1528

After encountering troubles in Florida theexpedition led by Paacutenfilo de Narvaacuteez sailedalong the coast toward Mexico However inNovember 1528 three of the five boats were lostin a storm The two boats that survived wentaground on an island near present-day TexasWithin a few months only a handful of the ship-wrecked explorers were still alive

AJ-53

null

2186506

A Mexican nun JuanaIneacutes de la Cruz mayhave been the firstwoman in the Americasto write about womenrsquosrights What is remark-able about Sor Juana(ldquoSisterrdquo Juana) is thatshe was a famous writerat a time when mostwomen were not taughtto read Her poems and

stories were well knownin Mexico her playswere performed in theroyal palace of Mexicoand her books were pop-ular in Spain

An archbishop of theChurch however did notapprove of women freelyexpressing their opin-ions He threatened toput her on trial for violat-

ing Church rules unlessshe followed a strict vowof poverty and sold herbooks and belongings

Although she gave theappearance of obediencean unfinished poemfound in her belongingsafter her death showedthat she continued toexercise her talent

To survive Cabeza de Vaca and an enslavedAfrican named Estevanico became medicinemen Cabeza de Vaca later wrote that theirmethod of healing was ldquoto bless the sick breath-ing on themrdquo and to recite Latin prayers

In 1533 the Spaniards set off on foot on a great1000-mile journey across the Southwest Arriv-ing in Mexico in 1536 Cabeza de Vaca relatedtales he had heard of seven cities with walls ofemerald and streets of gold

The stories inspired Hernando de Soto wholed an expedition to explore Florida and lands tothe west For three years De Soto and his troopswandered around the southeastern area of thepresent-day United States following stories ofgold As the Spaniards traveled they tookadvantage of the native peoples Their usualmethod was to enter a village take the chiefhostage and demand food and supplies

De Soto crossed the Mississippi River in1541 describing it as ldquoswift and very deeprdquoAfter traveling as far west as present-day Okla-homa De Soto died of fever His men buriedhim in the waters of the Mississippi

Francisco Vaacutesquez de Coronado also wantedto find the legendary ldquoSeven Cities of CibolardquoAfter traveling through areas of northern Mex-

ico and present-day Arizona and New Mexicothe expedition reached a town belonging to theZuni people in early summer 1540 They real-ized at once that there was no gold Members ofthe expedition traveled west to the ColoradoRiver and east into what is now Kansas Theyfound nothing but ldquowindswept plainsrdquo andstrange ldquoshaggy cowsrdquo (buffalo) DisappointedCoronado returned to Mexico

Explaining How did stories of theldquoSeven Cities of Cibolardquo affect Spanish exploration

Spanish RuleSpanish law called for three kinds of settle-

ments in the Americasmdashpueblos missions andpresidios Pueblos or towns were established ascenters of trade Missions were religious com-munities that usually included a small town sur-rounding farmland and a church A presidio orfort was usually built near a mission

Juan de Ontildeate (day ohn bull YAH bull tay) was sentfrom Mexico to gain control over lands to thenorth and to convert the inhabitants In 1598Ontildeate founded the province of New Mexico andintroduced cattle and horses to the Pueblo people


AJ-54

null

15757036

Social ClassesA class system developed in Spainrsquos empire

The upper class consisted of people who hadbeen born in Spain called peninsulares Thepeninsulares owned the land served in theCatholic Church and ran the local governmentBelow them were the creoles people born in theAmericas to Spanish parents Lower in the classstructure were the mestizos (mehbullSTEEbullzohs)people with Spanish and Native American par-ents Still lower were the Native Americansmost of whom lived in great poverty At the verybottom were enslaved Africans

In the 1500s the Spanish government grantedeach conquistador who settled in the Americas anencomienda the right to demand taxes or laborfrom Native Americans living on the land Thissystem turned the Native Americans into slavesGrueling labor in the fields and in the gold andsilver mines took its toll Many Native Americansdied from malnutrition and disease

A Spanish priest Bartolomeacute de Las Casascondemned the cruel treatment of the NativeAmericans He pleaded for laws to protect themLas Casas claimed that millions had diedbecause the Spanish ldquomade gold their ultimateaim seeking to load themselves with riches inthe shortest possible timerdquo

Because of Las Casasrsquos reports in 1542 theSpanish government passed the New Lawswhich forbade making slaves of Native Ameri-cans Although not always enforced the lawsdid correct the worst abuses

The Plantation SystemSome Spanish settlers made large profits by

exporting crops and raw materials back to SpainIn the West Indies the main exports were tobaccoand sugarcane To raise these crops the Spanishdeveloped the plantation system A plantationwas a large estate The Spanish used NativeAmericans to work their plantations

Las Casas suggested replacing them withenslaved Africansmdasha suggestion he bitterly regret-ted later He thought the Africans could endure thelabor better than the Native Americans

By the mid-1500s the Spanish were bringingthousands from West Africa to the AmericasThe Portuguese did the same in Brazil TheAfricans who survived the brutal ocean voyagewere sold to plantation owners By the late1500s plantation slave labor was an essentialpart of the economy of the colonies

Describing Whom did Las Casas tryto protect

Checking for Understanding1 Key Terms Write three true and

three false statements using each ofthe following terms once conquis-tador tribute pueblo missionpresidio plantation Indicate whichstatements are false

2 Reviewing Facts What three kindsof settlements did Spain establish inthe Americas How did they differ

Reviewing Themes3 Culture and Traditions What

groups made up the class system inSpanish America

Critical Thinking4 Analyzing Primary Sources One

conquistador explained ldquoWe came toserve God and the king and also toget richrdquo In what way do you thinkconquistadors planned to serve ldquoGodand the kingrdquo

5 Determining Cause and EffectRe-create the diagram below and list causes of Spainrsquos success in con-quering Native American empires


of Spanish exploration on page 52What expedition traveled fromFlorida to the Mississippi RiverThrough what regions did the Coronado expedition travel

CHAPTER 2 Exploring the Americas 55

Geography Using cookbooks asreferences create an all-Americandinner menu that features onlyfoods introduced to Europeans byNative Americans

Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River

Nuestra Sentildeorade los Dolores

Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE

ampGEOGRAPHY HISTORY

Using an astrolabe likethis one to establish lati-tude Father Kino care-fully mapped the region

A typical Spanish mission sur-rounded a large open courtyard

Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618

1 Where did Father Kino establish his missions Why

2 How did the introduction of food crops and domesticanimals affect the development of the Southwest

L E A R N I N G f r o m G E O G R A P H Y

PADRE ONHORSEBACKMISSIONARY AND EXPLORER Eusebio Kino(yoobullSAYbullbebulloh KEEbullno) was an Italian who studiedastronomy mapmaking and mathematics beforebecoming a Jesuit priest In 1681 he went to Mexicowith the Spaniards to map the area and convertNative Americans to Catholicism

MISSIONARY IN THE PIMERIacuteA ALTA

After several years in Mexico City and Baja California Father Kino was sent to establish missions in the ldquoPimeriacutea Altardquomdashthe Upper Pima Countrymdashpartof present-day Sonora Mexico and southern Arizona

In March 1687 Father Kino established his first mission Nuestra Sentildeora de los Dolores at Cosari Hehelped start more than 20 missions along the SanMiguel Magdalena and Altar rivers

Father Kino and other missionaries changed the faceof Pimeriacutea Alta forever The priests converted thousandsof Native Americans to Christianity By introducing live-stock wheat European fruit and other new crops themissionaries altered the economy of the region

EXPLORER AND MAPMAKER

Kino traveled so much he wasknown as the ldquopadre on horse-backrdquo He covered thousands ofmiles tending to the needs of hisconverts and exploring andmapping the Sonoran Desertand California

To Mexico City

Statue of Father Kino

San Xavier del Bac a mis-sion started by FatherKino in 1700 still standstoday outside of Tucson

Father Kinos Missions

Presentndashday boundary

Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers

Spaniards introducedwheat and other crops

57

AJ-57

null

9017397

1497John Cabot lands inNewfoundland

1517Martin Luther starts theProtestant Reformation

1535Jacques Cartier sails up the St Lawrence River to Montreal

1609Henry Hudson sailsthe Hudson River

Main IdeaRivalries between countries the searchfor a Northwest Passage to Asia andearly trading activities led to increasedexploration of North America

Key Termsmercantilism Columbian ExchangeNorthwest Passage coureur de bois

Reading StrategyDetermining Cause and Effect Asyou read the section re-create thediagram below and provide an effectfor each cause

Read to Learnbull how the Protestant Reformation

affected North Americabull why the activities of early traders

encouraged exploration

Section ThemeGlobal Connections Europeannations competed for overseas landand resources

Exploring North America

In 1517 Martin Luther a German priest nailed a list of complaints about theCatholic Church on the door of a local church Luther declared that the Bible was theonly true guide for Christians He rejected many Church practicesmdasheven the authorityof the popemdashbecause they were not mentioned in the Bible Luther also believed thatfaith rather than good deeds was the way to salvation

Church officials tried to get Luther to take back his statements ldquoI cannot go againstmy consciencerdquo he replied ldquoHere I stand I cannot do otherwise God help merdquo

A Divided ChurchMartin Lutherrsquos actions led to incredible changes in Europe Before he voiced

his beliefs the countries of Europe had their differences but they were boundtogether by a common church For centuries Catholicism had been the mainreligion of western Europe In the 1500s however Lutherrsquos opposition to thepolicies of the Roman Catholic Church emerged


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600

Exploration of North America

Causes Effects

Protestant Reformation

Search for NW passage

Early trading activities

Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771


Within a few years Luther had many follow-ers They broke away from Catholicism to begintheir own Christian churches Martin Lutherrsquosprotests were the start of a great religious andhistorical movement known as the ProtestantReformation

Protestantism Spreads in EuropeFrom Germany Lutherrsquos ideas spread rapidly

John Calvin a French religious thinker alsobroke away from the Catholic Church LikeLuther Calvin rejected the idea that good workswould ensure a personrsquos salvation He believedthat God had already chosen those who wouldbe saved

In England King Henry VIII also left theCatholic Church but not for religious reasonsPope Clement VII had refused Henryrsquos requestto declare his first marriage invalid In 1534 the English Parliament working with the king

denied the authority of the pope and recognizedthe king as the head of the Church of EnglandDuring the rule of Henryrsquos daughter QueenElizabeth I further reforms firmly establishedEngland as a Protestant nation

Religious Rivalries in the AmericasThroughout western Europe people and

nations divided into Catholics and ProtestantsWhen these Europeans crossed the Atlanticthey took along their religious differences

Spanish and French Catholics worked tospread their faith to the Native Americans TheSpanish settled in the southwestern and south-eastern regions of North America and theFrench settled in the northeast Dutch andEnglish Protestants established colonies in landsalong the Atlantic coast between the French andthe Spanish settlements Some of the Englishsettlements were founded by Protestants whowanted to practice their beliefs in peace

Explaining What role did religionplay in the exploration of North America

Economics

Economic RivalryReligion was only one of the factors that

pushed European nations across the AtlanticOcean The promise of great wealth was equallystrong especially as other Europeans watchedSpain gain riches from its colonies

According to the economic theory of mercantilism a nationrsquos power was based on itswealth Rulers tried to increase their nationrsquostotal wealth by acquiring gold and silver andby developing trade Mercantilism providedgreat opportunities for individual merchantsto make money It also increased rivalrybetween nations

Several countries in Europe competed foroverseas territory that could produce wealthThey wanted to acquire colonies in the Ameri-cas that could provide valuable resources suchas gold and silver or raw materials Thecolonies would also serve as a place to sellEuropean products

$

In 1676 Kateri Tekakwitha a 20-year-old Mohawkwoman accepted Christianity from French Catholicmissionaries What region of North Americawas settled by the French

History

AJ-59

null

16671411

The Columbian ExchangeTrade between the continents known as the Columbian Exchange

changed life on both sides of the Atlantic

Europeans establishedlarge plantations workedby Native Americans andby Africans

Europeans brought wheat grapesand livestock to the AmericasEuropeans also introduced diseasesto which the Native Americanswere not immune

From Native Americans Euro-peans acquired foods such ascorn potatoes tomatoes beansand chocolate

Easy-to-grow food crops suchas the potato fed Europersquosgrowing population Somefoods such as corn also spread to Asia and Africa

The Columbian Exchange


The Columbian ExchangeThe voyages of Columbus and other explor-

ers brought together two parts of the globe thatpreviously had had no contact the continents ofEurope Asia and Africa in one hemisphere andthe Americas in the other The contact led to anexchange of plants animals and diseases thataltered life on both sides of the Atlantic Scholarsrefer to this as the Columbian Exchange

A Northwest PassageThe Treaty of Tordesillas had divided the

Americas between Spain and Portugal It did notallow for claims by other nationsmdashso EnglandFrance and the Netherlands ignored the treatyDuring the 1500s and early 1600s these countriessent explorers to chart the coast of North Amer-ica They wanted to profit from trade and colo-nization as well The voyage to Asiamdasheitheraround the southern tip of Africa or aroundSouth Americamdashwas long and difficult For thisreason the three countries hoped to discover aNorthwest Passage to Asiamdasha more direct waterroute through the Americas

In 1497 England sent John Cabot an Italianto look for a northern route to Asia Cabot prob-

ably landed on the coast of present-day New-foundland England used Cabotrsquos voyage as thebasis for its claims to North America

In 1524 France hired an Italian Giovanni daVerrazano to look for the northern sea route Ver-razano explored the coast of North America frompresent-day Nova Scotia down to the Carolinas

In 1535 French explorer Jacques Cartier(KARbulltyay) sailed up the St Lawrence Riverhoping it would lead to the Pacific He got as faras the Huron village of Hochelaga Cartier wrotethat from the mountain next to the village ldquoonesees a very great distancerdquo He named the peakMont-Royal which means ldquoroyal mountainrdquoThis is the site of the city now called MontrealCartier had heard stories about gold but hefound neither gold nor a sea route to Asia

Hudsonrsquos DiscoveriesThe Netherlands too wanted to find a passage

through the Americas They hired Henry Hudson an English sailor to explore In 1609 hediscovered the river that now bears his name Inhis ship the Half Moon Hudson sailed north onthe Hudson River as far as the site of present-dayAlbany Deciding that he had not found a passage

AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22

80degW90degW120degW 110degW 100degW 70degW 60degW 50degW

50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec

Three RiversMontreal

FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace

French Explorers 1535ndash1682

Cartier searched for a northwest passage to AsiaHe explored the St Lawrence waterways to MontrealHe discovered that Newfoundland was a singlelarge island

La Salle became the first European to trace theMississippi River to its mouth the Gulf of MexicoLa Salle claimed the Mississippi River valley for France

11

22

Cartier 1535ndash1536

Champlain 1609ndash1615

La Salle 1669ndash1671 1679ndash1682

Marquette and Joliet 1673

French territory Settlement

English territory Fort

Spanish territory

to India he turned backThe following year Hud-son tried again this time sent by England

Sailing almost due west from northern Eng-land Henry Hudson and his crew discovered ahuge bay now called Hudson Bay Hudsonthought he had reached the Pacific Ocean Aftermonths of searching for an outlet from the bayhowever the crew rebelled Hudson his sonJohn and a few sailors were set adrift in a smallboatmdashand never seen again

French Open Trading PostsFrance had shown little interest in building an

empire in the Americas Its rulers were preoccu-pied by political and religious conflicts at homeThe French viewed North America as an oppor-tunity for profits from fishing and fur tradingrather than as a place to settle

Furs were popular in Europe and traderscould make large profits from beaver peltsacquired in North America A group of French

Explorers from France followed rivers and lakes into the interiorof North America1 Movement Which early French explorer traveled up the

St Lawrence River2 Making Inferences Why didnrsquot the French explore

east of the Appalachian Mountains

AJ-61

null

59298378


1 Key Terms Write a sentence inwhich you correctly use each of the following terms mercantilismColumbian Exchange Northwest Passage coureur de bois

2 Reviewing Facts What were EnglishFrench and Dutch explorers search-ing for while charting the coast ofNorth America

Reviewing Themes

3 Global Connections How did Frenchgoals in the Americas differ from thegoals of other European nations

Critical Thinking

4 Identifying Central Issues How didthe economic theory of mercantilisminfluence the exploration and settle-ment of North America by Europeans

5 Determining Cause and EffectRe-create the diagram below andexplain how the Columbian Exchangeaffected both sides of the AtlanticOcean

Analyzing Visuals

6 Geography Skills Review the mapFrench Explorers 1535ndash1682 onpage 61 Which of the Frenchexplorers traveled farthest southAlong what river did Marquette andJoliet travel

traders made an agreement with the NativeAmericans to trade fur In 1608 the group sentSamuel de Champlain to establish a settlementin Quebec in what is now Canada Champlainmade several trips to the region and discoveredLake Champlain He described the beautifulscenery and abundant wildlife and the NativeAmericans he met there

From Quebec the French moved into otherparts of Canada where they built trading poststo collect furs gathered by Native Americansand French trappers The trappers were calledcoureurs de bois (kubullRUHR duh BWAH) mean-ing ldquorunners of the woodsrdquo

Dutch SettlementsLike other European countries the Nether-

lands was also eager to claim its share of worldtrade Until Hudsonrsquos voyage there had been noDutch exploration in North America Hudsonrsquosvoyage became the start for Dutch claims on the continent

Although the Netherlands was a small coun-try its large fleet of trading ships sailed all overthe world In 1621 the Dutch West India Company set up a trading colonymdashNewNetherlandmdashin the area Hudson had exploredIn 1624 the company sent 30 families to settlethe area They settled at Fort Orange (later

Albany) on the Hudson River and on Burling-ton Island in New Jersey Shortly after that FortNassau was established just opposite wherePhiladelphia stands today

The center of the new colony was NewAmsterdam located on the tip of ManhattanIsland where the Hudson River enters New YorkHarbor In 1626 Peter Minuit the governor of thecolony paid the Manhates people 60 Dutchguilders in goods for the island The goods proba-bly included cloth and valuable tools such as axeshoes and awls Like Portugal Spain and Francethe Netherlands started colonies in the Americas

Analyzing Why was the idea of aNorthwest Passage important


Flag of New France Settlers inNew France often flew this flag ofthe French Royal Navy They alsoflew the French Royal Bannerwhich was blue instead of white

Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange

Effects on Effects the Americas on Europe

Persuasive Writing Write a letterto an explorer who searched for aNorthwest Passage Explain whythis discovery is important for yournation Keep your letter focusedand concise




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line

Social StudiesSocial Studies

C02-10Ctimeline tk

Why Learn this SkillKnowing the relationship of time to events is

important in studying history A time line is a visualway to show chronological order within a timeperiod Most time lines are divided into sections representing equal time intervals For example a time line showing 1000 years might be dividedinto ten 100-year sections Each event on a time lineappears beside the date when the event took place

Learning the SkillTo read a time line follow these stepsbull Find the dates on the opposite

ends of the time line to know the time span Also note theintervals between dates on thetime line

bull Study the order of eventsbull Analyze relationships among

events or look for trends

Practicing the SkillAnalyze the time line of Magellanrsquos voyage belowUse it to answer the questions that follow

1 What time span is represented

2 How many years do each of the sections represent

3 Did Magellanrsquos voyage to the Spice Islands occurbefore or after his voyage to the Philippines

4 How long did Magellanrsquos voyage around theworld take

c 1480Magellan is bornin Sabrosa Portugal

c 1490Spends early years as apage at Portuguese court

c 1506Travels to Spice Islands on exploratory expeditions

1510Promoted to captain

1517Offers services to king of Spain

Sept 20 1519Sails from Spain with five ships

April 7 1521Lands in the Philippines

April 27 1521Magellan is killed duringan inter-island dispute

Sept 6 1522One ship reaches Spain with valuable cargo

1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan

Applying the SkillMaking a Time Line List 10 key events thathave occurred in your life and the dates on whichthese events occurred Write the events in chrono-logical order on a time line

Glencoersquos Skillbuilder InteractiveWorkbook CD-ROM Level 1 providesinstruction and practice in key social studies skills

AJ-63

null

8578563

64

Reviewing Key TermsExamine the groups of words below Then write sentencesexplaining what each group has in common1 Renaissance astrolabe caravel2 conquistador mission presidio3 mercantilism Northwest Passage

Reviewing Key Facts4 Why were Europeans interested in Asia5 What three large African kingdoms south of the

Sahara flourished between 300 and 16006 What European leader set up a center for exploration

in Portugal7 Where did the earliest Portuguese explorers sail8 Which country supported Columbus on his quest to

find a water route to Asia9 List the major accomplishments of Vasco da Gama

Juan Ponce de Leoacuten and John Cabot10 What was the main reason the Spanish wanted to con-

quer the Aztec and the Inca11 How did the Spanish colonial system of encomiendas

affect Native Americans12 What movement created religious rivalries in Europe

that carried over into exploration of the Americas13 What were explorers searching for during their explo-

rations of the North American coast

Critical Thinking14 Analyzing Primary Sources Read the Two View-

points on page 47 What does Red Jacket mean byldquothis great islandrdquo

15 Drawing Conclusions Why do you think the Carib-bean Islands are often referred to as the West Indies

16 Analyzing Information Study the feature on theColumbian Exchange on page 60 What foods wereshipped to Europe

17 Determining Cause and Effect Re-create the diagrambelow and identify three reasons for voyages of exploration and three effects that resulted from the exploration

Voyages ofexploration


c 1000bull Leif Eriksson lands in

present-day Newfoundland

1488bull Bartholomeu Dias reaches Indian Ocean

1492bull Columbus lands in the Americas

1498bull Vasco da Gama

reaches India

1519bull Magellan begins circum-

navigation of the world

bull Hernaacuten Corteacutes lands in Mexico

1532bull Francisco Pizarro

captures Atahualpa

1535bull Jacques Cartier sails up the

St Lawrence River to Montreal

1541bull De Soto crosses the

Mississippi River

1565bull Spain establishes fort at

St Augustine Florida

1609bull Henry Hudson sails the

Hudson River

Geography and History ActivityStudy the map above and answer the questions that follow18 Place In what present-day states were the Spanish

missions located19 Location Near what city was the northernmost Spanish

mission located20 Location In which direction would a traveler leaving

Mexico City journey to reach San Diego

Practicing SkillsReading a Time Line Study the time line on pages 36ndash37then answer the following questions21 What is the time span covered on this time line22 In which century does the greatest number of events take

place on this time line23 What event occurred in 1522

Technology Activity24 Using Word Processing Software Search the library for

information on boats and sailing Using word processingsoftware prepare a report about a navigational instru-ment that is in use today Describe how it would havebeen helpful to an explorer such as Magellan


Self-Check QuizVisit tajglencoecom and click on Chapter 2mdashSelf-Check Quizzes to prepare for the chapter test

HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N

pacificOcean Gulf of

Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio

Missions in New Spain by the 1800s

CityMissionPresent-day boundary

Directions Choose the bestanswer to the following question

Juana Ineacutes de la Cruz was an unusual womanbecause she was famous as a

A writerB princeC farmerD warrior

Test-Taking TipEliminate answers that donrsquot make sense For instance a woman could not be a prince so B could not be the

correct answer

Standardized Test Practice

Citizenship Cooperative Activity25 Interviewing In a group of three find out if any people

in your community have come from other countriesInterview these people and ask them about the politicalsystem of the country they came from Prepare an oralreport for the class

Economics Activity26 Ask family members and other adults about prices paid

for common products in years past Ask about groceryitems haircuts cars and so on Compare these priceswith current prices Ask adults if they notice any otherchanges in products from past to present such asincreased or decreased reliability or performance

Alternative Assessment27 Portfolio Writing Activity Choose an explorer discussed

in this chapter Use library resources to research theexplorerrsquos life and achievements Prepare an interviewwith that explorer Plan the questions to ask and theanswers you would expect the explorer to give Write the interview as a magazine article











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer








The American JourneymdashIllinois Edition

Illinois Learning Standards for Social Science

How Does The American Journey Help Me Learn the Standards

How Does The American Journey Help Me Test My Knowledge of Social Science

The Illinois Constitution A Summary

Table of Contents

Previewing Your Textbook

Scavenger Hunt

How Do I Study History

The Structure of Illinois Government

Constitution Test Practice

Reading Skills Handbook

Identifying Words and Building Vocabulary

Reading for a Reason

Understanding What You Read

Thinking About Your Reading

Understanding Text Structure

Reading for Research

National Geographic Reference Atlas

United States Political

United States Physical

United States Territorial Growth

North America Physical

North America Political

Middle East PhysicalPolitical

World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography

How Do I Study Geography

How Do I Use Maps

How Does Geography Influence History

Geographic Dictionary

Be an Active Reader

Unit 1 Different Worlds Meet Beginnings to 1625

Chapter 1 The First Americans Prehistory to 1492

Section 1 Early Peoples

Section 2 Cities and Empires

Section 3 North American Peoples

Chapter 1 Assessment and Activities

Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400ndash1625

Section 1 A Changing World

Section 2 Early Exploration

Section 3 Spain in America

Section 4 Exploring North America


Unit 2 Colonial Settlement 1587ndash1770

Chapter 3 Colonial America 1587ndash1770

Section 1 Early English Settlements

Section 2 New England Colonies

Section 3 Middle Colonies

Section 4 Southern Colonies


Chapter 4 The Colonies Grow 1607ndash1770

Section 1 Life in the Colonies

Section 2 Government Religion and Culture

Section 3 France and Britain Clash

Section 4 The French and Indian War


Unit 3 Creating a Nation 1763ndash1791

Chapter 5 Road to Independence 1763ndash1776

Section 1 Taxation Without Representation

Section 2 Building Colonial Unity

Section 3 A Call to Arms

Section 4 Moving Toward Independence

The Declaration of Independence


Chapter 6 The American Revolution 1776ndash1783

Section 1 The Early Years

Section 2 The War Continues

Section 3 The War Moves West and South

Section 4 The War Is Won


Chapter 7 A More Perfect Union 1777ndash1790

Section 1 The Articles of Confederation

Section 2 Convention and Compromise

Section 3 A New Plan of Government


Civics in Action A Citizenship Handbook

Section 1 The Constitution

Section 2 The Federal Government

Section 3 Citizens Rights and Responsibilities

Handbook Assessment

The Constitution of the United States

Unit 4 The New Republic 1789ndash1825

Chapter 8 A New Nation 1789ndash1800

Section 1 The First President

Section 2 Early Challenges

Section 3 The First Political Parties


Chapter 9 The Jefferson Era 1800ndash1816

Section 1 The Republicans Take Power

Section 2 The Louisiana Purchase

Section 3 A Time of Conflict

Section 4 The War of 1812


Chapter 10 Growth and Expansion 1790ndash1825

Section 1 Economic Growth

Section 2 Westward Bound

Section 3 Unity and Sectionalism


Unit 5 The Growing Nation 1820ndash1860

Chapter 11 The Jackson Era 1824ndash1845

Section 1 Jacksonian Democracy

Section 2 Conflicts Over Land

Section 3 Jackson and the Bank


Chapter 12 Manifest Destiny 1818ndash1853

Section 1 The Oregon Country

Section 2 Independence for Texas

Section 3 War with Mexico

Section 4 New Settlers in California and Utah


Chapter 13 North and South 1820ndash1860

Section 1 The Norths Economy

Section 2 The Norths People

Section 3 Southern Cotton Kingdom

Section 4 The Souths People


Chapter 14 The Age of Reform 1820ndash1860

Section 1 Social Reform

Section 2 The Abolitionists

Section 3 The Womens Movement


Unit 6 Civil War and Reconstruction 1846ndash1896

Chapter 15 Road to Civil War 1820ndash1861

Section 1 Slavery and the West

Section 2 A Nation Dividing

Section 3 Challenges to Slavery

Section 4 Secession and War


Chapter 16 The Civil War 1861ndash1865

Section 1 The Two Sides

Section 2 Early Years of the War

Section 3 A Call for Freedom

Section 4 Life During the Civil War

Section 5 The Way to Victory


Chapter 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath 1865ndash1896

Section 1 Reconstruction Plans

Section 2 Radicals in Control

Section 3 The South During Reconstruction

Section 4 Change in the South


Unit 7 Reshaping the Nation 1858ndash1914

Chapter 18 The Western Frontier 1858ndash1896

Section 1 The Mining Booms

Section 2 Ranchers and Farmers

Section 3 Native American Struggles

Section 4 Farmers in Protest


Chapter 19 The Growth of Industry 1865ndash1914

Section 1 Railroads Lead the Way

Section 2 Inventions

Section 3 An Age of Big Business

Section 4 Industrial Workers


Chapter 20 Toward an Urban America 1865ndash1914

Section 1 The New Immigrants

Section 2 Moving to the City

Section 3 A Changing Culture


Unit 8 Reform Expansion and War 1865ndash1920

Chapter 21 Progressive Reforms 1877ndash1920

Section 1 The Progressive Movement

Section 2 Women and Progressives

Section 3 Progressive Presidents

Section 4 Excluded from Reform


Chapter 22 Overseas Expansion 1865ndash1917

Section 1 Expanding Horizons

Section 2 Imperialism in the Pacific

Section 3 Spanish-American War

Section 4 Latin American Policies


Chapter 23 World War I 1914ndash1919

Section 1 War in Europe

Section 2 Americas Road to War

Section 3 Americans Join the Allies

Section 4 The War at Home

Section 5 Searching for Peace


Unit 9 Turbulent Decades 1919ndash1945

Chapter 24 The Jazz Age 1919ndash1929

Section 1 Time of Turmoil

Section 2 Desire for Normalcy

Section 3 A Booming Economy

Section 4 The Roaring Twenties


Chapter 25 The Depression and FDR 1929ndash1941

Section 1 The Great Depression

Section 2 Roosevelts New Deal

Section 3 Life During the Depression

Section 4 Effects of the New Deal


Chapter 26 World War II 1939ndash1945

Section 1 Road to War

Section 2 War Begins

Section 3 On the Home Front

Section 4 War in Europe and Africa

Section 5 War in the Pacific


Unit 10 Turning Points 1945ndash1975

Chapter 27 The Cold War Era 1945ndash1954

Section 1 Cold War Origins

Section 2 Postwar Politics

Section 3 The Korean War

Section 4 The Red Scare


Chapter 28 America in the 1950s 1953ndash1960

Section 1 Eisenhower in the White House

Section 2 1950s Prosperity

Section 3 Problems in a Time of Plenty


Chapter 29 The Civil Rights Era 1954ndash1973

Section 1 The Civil Rights Movement

Section 2 Kennedy and Johnson

Section 3 The Struggle Continues

Section 4 Other Groups Seek Rights


Chapter 30 The Vietnam Era 1960ndash1975

Section 1 Kennedys Foreign Policy

Section 2 War in Vietnam

Section 3 The Vietnam Years at Home

Section 4 Nixon and Vietnam


Unit 11 Modern America 1968ndashPresent

Chapter 31 Search for Stability 1968ndash1981

Section 1 Nixons Foreign Policy

Section 2 Nixon and Watergate

Section 3 The Carter Presidency


Chapter 32 New Challenges 1981ndashPresent

Section 1 The Reagan Presidency

Section 2 The Bush Presidency

Section 3 A New Century

Section 4 The War on Terrorism


Appendix

What Is an Appendix and How Do I Use One

Primary Sources Library

Presidents of the United States

Documents of American History

Supreme Court Case Summaries

Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index

Acknowledgements and Photo Credits

Feature Contents


Documents of Americas Heritage

More Abouthellip

What Life Was Likehellip

National Geographic Geography amp History

Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints

Technology and History

Linking Past amp Present

What Ifhellip

Hands-On History Lab Activity

TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History

Fact Fiction Folklore

Primary Source Quotes

Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks

Active Reading Note-Taking Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Activity Workbook - Student Edition

Local history activities

Activity 1 The First Americans

Activity 2 Exploring the Americas

Activity 3 Colonial America

Activity 4 The Colonies Grow

Activity 5 Road to Independence

Activity 6 The American Revolution

Activity 7 A More Perfect Union

Activity 8 A New Nation

Activity 9 The Jefferson Era

Activity 10 Growth and Expansion

Activity 11 The Jackson Era

Activity 12 Manifest Destiny

Activity 13 North and South

Activity 14 The Age of Reform

Activity 15 Road to Civil War

Activity 16 The Civil War

Activity 17 Reconstruction and Its Aftermath

Activity 18 The Western Frontier

Activity 19 The Growth of Industry

Activity 20 Toward an Urban America

Activity 21 Progressive Reforms

Activity 22 Overseas Expansion

Activity 23 World War I

Activity 24 The Jazz Age

Activity 25 The Depression and FDR

Activity 26 World War II

Activity 27 The Cold War Era

Activity 28 America in the 1950s

Activity 29 The Civil Rights Era

Activity 30 The Vietnam Era

Activity 31 Search for Stability

Activity 32 New Challenges

Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition



























































































































































Spanish Reading Essentials and Study Guide - Student Edition

Capiacutetulo 1 Los primeros habitantes de las Ameacutericas Prehistoria a 1492

Guiacutea de estudio 1-1 Los primeros pueblos

Guiacutea de estudio 1-2 Ciudades e imperios

Guiacutea de estudio 1-3 Pueblos norteamericanos

Capiacutetulo 2 La exploracioacuten de las Ameacutericas 1400ndash1625

Guiacutea de estudio 2-1 Un mundo cambiante

Guiacutea de estudio 2-2 Primeras exploraciones

Guiacutea de estudio 2-3 Espantildea en Ameacuterica

Guiacutea de estudio 2-4 Exploracioacuten de Norteameacuterica

Capiacutetulo 3 La Ameacuterica colonial 1587ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 3-1 Primeros asentamientos ingleses

Guiacutea de estudio 3-2 Colonias de Nueva Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 3-3 Colonias del Centro

Guiacutea de estudio 3-4 Colonias del Sur

Capiacutetulo 4 El desarollo de las colonias 1607ndash1770

Guiacutea de estudio 4-1 La vida en las colonias

Guiacutea de estudio 4-2 Gobierno religioacuten y cultura

Guiacutea de estudio 4-3 Choque entre Francia e Inglaterra

Guiacutea de estudio 4-4 La guerra francesa e india

Capiacutetulo 5 El camino de la Independencia 1763ndash1776

Guiacutea de estudio 5-1 Impuestos sin representacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 5-2 Formacioacuten de la unidad colonial

Guiacutea de estudio 5-3 Un llamado a las armas

Guiacutea de estudio 5-4 Avanzar hacia la independencia

Capiacutetulo 6 La Guerra de Independencia 1776ndash1783

Guiacutea de estudio 6-1 Los primeros antildeos

Guiacutea de estudio 6-2 La guerra continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 6-3 La guerra se mueve hacia el Oeste y el Sur

Guiacutea de estudio 6-4 La guerra se gana

Capiacutetulo 7 Una unioacuten maacutes perfecta 1777ndash1790

Guiacutea de estudio 7-1 Los artiacuteculos de la Confederacioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 7-2 Convencioacuten y compromiso

Guiacutea de estudio 7-3 Un nuevo plan de gobierno

Capiacutetulo 8 Una nueva Nacioacuten 1879ndash1800

Guiacutea de estudio 8-1 El primer presidente

Guiacutea de estudio 8-2 Primeros retos

Guiacutea de estudio 8-3 Los primeros partidos poliacuteticos

Capiacutetulo 9 La era de Jefferson 1800ndash1816

Guiacutea de estudio 9-1 Los republicanos toman el poder

Guiacutea de estudio 9-2 La compra de Louisiana

Guiacutea de estudio 9-3 Una eacutepoca de conflicto

Guiacutea de estudio 9-4 La guerra de 1812

Capiacutetulo 10 Crecimiento y expansioacuten 1790ndash1825

Guiacutea de estudio 10-1 Crecimiento econoacutemico

Guiacutea de estudio 10-2 Rumbo al Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 10-3 Unidad y seccionalismo

Capiacutetulo 11 La era Jackson 1824ndash1845

Guiacutea de estudio 11-1 Democracia jacksoniana

Guiacutea de estudio 11-2 Conflictos por la tierra

Guiacutea de estudio 11-3 Jackson y el banco

Capiacutetulo 12 Destino manifiesto 1818ndash1853

Guiacutea de estudio 12-1 El paiacutes de Oregoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 12-2 Independencia para Texas

Guiacutea de estudio 12-3 Guerra con Meacutexico

Guiacutea de estudio 12-4 Nuevos colonos en California y Utah

Capiacutetulo 13 El Norte y el Sur 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 13-1 La economiacutea del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-2 La gente del Norte

Guiacutea de estudio 13-3 El reino surentildeo del algodoacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 13-4 La gente del Sur

Capiacutetulo 14 La era de la reforma 1820ndash1860

Guiacutea de estudio 14-1 Reforma social

Guiacutea de estudio 14-2 Los abolicionistas

Guiacutea de estudio 14-3 El movimiento femenino

Capiacutetulo 15 Caminono a la Guerra Civil 1820ndash1861

Guiacutea de estudio 15-1 La esclavitud y el Oeste

Guiacutea de estudio 15-2 Una nacioacuten dividida

Guiacutea de estudio 15-3 Retos para la esclavitud

Guiacutea de estudio 15-4 Secesioacuten y guerra


Guiacutea de estudio 16-1 Los dos bandos

Guiacutea de estudio 16-2 Los primeros antildeos de la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 16-3 Un llamado a la libertad

Guiacutea de estudio 16-4 La vida durante la guerra civil

Guiacutea de estudio 16-5 El camino a la victoria

Capiacutetulo 17 La reconstruccioacuten y sus consecuencias 1865ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 17-1 Planes de reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-2 Los radicales toman el control

Guiacutea de estudio 17-3 El Sur durante la reconstruccioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 17-4 Cambio en el Sur

Capiacutetulo 18 La frontera occidental 1858ndash1896

Guiacutea de estudio 18-1 El auge de la mineriacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 18-2 Rancheros y agricultores

Guiacutea de estudio 18-3 Luchas de los nativos americanos

Guiacutea de estudio 18-4 Protesta de los agricultores

Capiacutetulo 19 El crecimiento de la industria 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 19-1 Los ferrocarriles ensentildean el camino

Guiacutea de estudio 19-2 Inventos

Guiacutea de estudio 19-3 Una era de grandes negocios

Guiacutea de estudio 19-4 Trabajadores industriales

Capiacutetulo 20 Hacia una Ameacuterica urbana 1865ndash1914

Guiacutea de estudio 20-1 Los nuevos inmigrantes

Guiacutea de estudio 20-2 Mudarse a la ciudad

Guiacutea de estudio 20-3 Una cultura cambiante

Capiacutetulo 21 Reformas progresistas 1877ndash1920

Guiacutea de estudio 21-1 El movimiento progresista

Guiacutea de estudio 21-2 Las mujeres y los progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-3 Los presidentes progresistas

Guiacutea de estudio 21-4 Los excluidos de la reforma

Capiacutetulo 22 Expansioacuten extranjera 1865ndash1917

Guiacutea de estudio 22-1 Expansioacuten de horizontes

Guiacutea de estudio 22-2 Imperialismo en el Paciacutefico

Guiacutea de estudio 22-3 Guerra hispana-estadounidense

Guiacutea de estudio 22-4 Poliacuteticas latinoamericanas

Capiacutetulo 23 La Primera Guerra Mundial 1914ndash1919

Guiacutea de estudio 23-1 Guerra en Europa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-2 El camino de Estados Unidos hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 23-3 Los estadounidenses se unen a los aliados

Guiacutea de estudio 23-4 La guerra en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 23-5 En busca de la paz

Capiacutetulo 24 La eacutepoca del jazz 1919ndash1929

Guiacutea de estudio 24-1 Tiempo de caos

Guiacutea de estudio 24-2 Deseo de normalidad

Guiacutea de estudio 24-3 Un auge de la economiacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 24-4 Los clamorosos antildeos veinte

Capiacutetulo 25 La Depresioacuten y FDR 1929ndash1941

Guiacutea de estudio 25-1 La Gran Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-2 El Nuevo Trato de Roosevelt

Guiacutea de estudio 25-3 La vida durante la Depresioacuten

Guiacutea de estudio 25-4 Efectos del Nuevo Trato

Capiacutetulo 26 La Segunda Guerra Mundial 1939ndash1945

Guiacutea de estudio 26-1 El camino hacia la guerra

Guiacutea de estudio 26-2 La guerra empieza

Guiacutea de estudio 26-3 En el frente nacional

Guiacutea de estudio 26-4 Guerra en Europa y Aacutefrica

Guiacutea de estudio 26-5 Guerra en el Paciacutefico

Capiacutetulo 27 La Guerra Friacutea 1945ndash1954

Guiacutea de estudio 27-1 Oriacutegenes de la Guerra Friacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-2 Poliacutetica de posguerra

Guiacutea de estudio 27-3 La Guerra de Corea

Guiacutea de estudio 27-4 La amenaza roja

Capiacutetulo 28 Estados Unidos en la deacutecada de 1950 1953ndash1960

Guiacutea de estudio 28-1 Eisenhower en la Casa Blanca

Guiacutea de estudio 28-2 Prosperidad en los antildeos cincuenta

Guiacutea de estudio 28-3 Problemas en tiempos de abundancia

Capiacutetulo 29 La era de los derechos civiles 1954ndash1973

Guiacutea de estudio 29-1 El movimiento de los derechos civiles

Guiacutea de estudio 29-2 Kennedy y Johnson

Guiacutea de estudio 29-3 La lucha continuacutea

Guiacutea de estudio 29-4 Otros grupos buscan derechos

Capiacutetulo 30 La era de Vietnam 1960ndash1975

Guiacutea de estudio 30-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Kennedy

Guiacutea de estudio 30-2 Guerra en Vietnam

Guiacutea de estudio 30-3 Los antildeos de Vietnam en casa

Guiacutea de estudio 30-4 Nixon y Vietnam

Capiacutetulo 31 En busca de estabilidad 1968ndash1981

UnGuiacutea de estudio 31-1 Poliacutetica extranjera de Nixontitled

Guiacutea de estudio 31-2 Nixon y Watergate

Guiacutea de estudio 31-3 La presidencia de Carter

Capiacutetulo 32 Nuevos retos 1981ndashPresente

Guiacutea de estudio 32-1 La presidencia de Reagan

Guiacutea de estudio 32-2 La presidencia de Bush

Guiacutea de estudio 32-3 Un nuevo siglo

Guiacutea de estudio 32-4 La guerra contra el terrorismo

Standardized Test Skills Practice Workbook - Student Edition

Objectives Addressed in the Activities

Workbook Overview

Preparing for a Standardized Test

Activity 1 Arranging Events in Sequential Order

Activity 2 Interpreting Charts and Tables

Activity 3 Using Bar Graphs to Interpret Data

Activity 4 Using the Scale of Distance on a Map

Activity 5 Distinguishing Between Fact and Nonfact

Activity 6 Descriptive Writing About a Visual

Activity 7 Comparing and Contrasting

Activity 8 Making Inferences

Activity 9 Drawing Conclusions

Activity 10 Interpreting Diagrams

Activity 11 Perceiving Cause-and-Effect Relationships

Activity 12 Outlining Information for Writing

Activity 13 Classifying Facts and Details

Activity 14 Recognizing Point of View

Activity 15 Detecting Bias

Activity 16 Evaluating the Consequences of Decisions

Activity 17 Identifying the Main Idea

Activity 18 Predicting Outcomes

Activity 19 Analyzing a Political Cartoon

Activity 20 Analyzing Statistics

Activity 21 Persuasive Writing About an Issue

Activity 22 Interpreting Primary Sources

Activity 23 Recognizing Forms of Propaganda

Activity 24 Forming Hypotheses

Activity 25 Identifying and Evaluating Evidence

Activity 26 Making Decisions

Activity 27 Writing a News Story

Activity 28 Interpreting Graphs

Activity 29 Making Generalizations

Activity 30 Writing to Inform an Audience

Activity 31 Developing a Process to Solve a Problem

Activity 32 Interpreting and Evaluating Editorials

Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document

Search - Full available on OS X and Windows in Reader 601

Page Navigator

Exit

37

c 1570bull Iroquois form

League of Five Nations

1607bull Jamestown

settled

1517bull Martin Luther

promotes Church reform

1522bull Magellanrsquos crew

completes first world voyage

HISTORY

Chapter OverviewVisit tajglencoecom andclick on Chapter 2mdashChapter Overviews to pre-view chapter information

Founding of Maryland by Emanuel Leutze Native Americans lived in NorthAmerica long before the Europeans arrived


1550 1600

1534bull Cartier claims

Canada forFrance

1620bull Pilgrims found

Plymouth

1588 bull England defeats

Spanish Armada

Fran

ce

France

England

Spain

Spain

Step 1 Fold the paper from the top right cornerdown so the edges line up Cut off the leftover piece

Evaluating Information Study FoldableMake this foldable to help you learn aboutEuropean exploration of the Americas

Reading and Writing As you read ask yourselfwhy England France and Spain were exploringthe Americas Write your questions under eachappropriate pyramid wall

Step 2 Fold the triangle in half Unfold

Step 3 Cut up one fold line and stop at themiddle Draw an X on one tab and label theother three

Step 4 Fold the X flap under the other flap andglue together

Fold a triangleCut off the extra

edge

This makes a three-sidedpyramid

The foldswill form an Xdividing four

equal sections









in Africa


A ChangingWorld





Marco Polo



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1200 1300 1400

AJ-38

null

81397285










$











AJ-39

null

2638991

















AJ-40

null

16650511












N

S

EW


1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene


area








Trade route


AJ-41

null

1751786























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit









in Africa


A ChangingWorld





Marco Polo



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1200 1300 1400

AJ-38

null

81397285










$











AJ-39

null

2638991

















AJ-40

null

16650511












N

S

EW


1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene


area








Trade route


AJ-41

null

1751786























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit










$











AJ-39

null

2638991

















AJ-40

null

16650511












N

S

EW


1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene


area








Trade route


AJ-41

null

1751786























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

















AJ-40

null

16650511












N

S

EW


1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene


area








Trade route


AJ-41

null

1751786























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












N

S

EW


1000 miles0

10degE0deg10degW

0deg

10degS

10degN

20degN

30degN

Nil

eRi

ver

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Mediterranean Sea

Ghat

Tripoli

Taghaza

TunisAlgiers

FezMarrakechAgadir

Timbuktu

NianiKano

El Fasher Sennar

Cairo

Cyrene


area








Trade route


AJ-41

null

1751786























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit























MaliGhana

Songhai

HISTORY


AJ-42

null

1694311










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit










to Asia


Early Exploration






Compass


Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1000 1200 1400 1600


AJ-43

null

923159

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

























AJ-44

null

19179411










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit










1

2


4



5


foremast



1

mainmast1

2

3

4

sterncastle

ballast

hold5


45

ballast

hold

sterncastle

AJ-45

null

10004775

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

















History

AJ-46

null

19707137












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit












contradicted





other islands





ChristopherColumbus

47











AJ-47

null

10830202

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

N

S

EW


1000 miles0

30degN

45degN

15degN0deg

15degS

30degS

15˚W30˚W45˚W60˚W75˚W90˚W 0˚

Gulf ofMexico

pacific

Ocean Caribbean Sea

Atlantic

Ocean

SOUTHAMERICA

NORTHAMERICA

EUROPE

AFRICA

ENGLAND

FRANCE

SPAINPORTUGAL

NETHERLANDS


ICELAND

LABRADOR

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRAZIL







48



true Explain why


SPANISH


PORTUGUESE

Pedro Cabral (1500)

ENGLISH


FRENCH


DUTCH

Henry Hudson (1609)


AJ-48

null

6619481









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit









Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags












Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals




Americarsquos Flags




AJ-49

null

124862785

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

Morning Girl

50







Morning Girl rdquo













READ TO DISCOVER




woman

AJ-50

null

12695248
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit
















the Americas


Spain in America



Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1500 1530 1560

AJ-51

null

81188324

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

N

SE

W


500 miles0

140degW 40degN


60degW

20degN

0deg

TR

OPIC

OF

CA

NC

ER

EQU

AT

OR

Colorado R

Caribbean Sea

Gulf ofMexico

Atlantic

Ocean

pacific

Ocean

Rio G

randeA

r kans as R

Missis

s ippiR

FROM SPAIN


RICO

FLORIDA

NORTH AMERICA

St Augustine

Havana

MexicoCity

El Paso

Santa Fe











0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

1620158015401500

Valu

e of

gol

d an

d sil

ver

in m

illio

ns o

f pes

os

8

42

58


Cabeza de Vaca 1528

De Soto 1539

Coronado 1540

Onate 1598



AJ-52

null

102921074




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit




















AJ-53

null

2186506

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

















AJ-54

null

15757036























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit























Spainrsquos success

AJ-55

null

15056886

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

San Pedro River

Altar R

iver

Gila River

Santa Cruz River

Magdalena River

So

no

raR

iver

SanM

iguel River


Gu

l fo

fC

al i f o

rn

i a

Baja California

United StatesMexico

N

S

WE




Workshop

Church

Crops

Granary

Living quarters

56

AJ-56

null

34481618











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit











To Mexico City





Mission

0 50 miles

0 50 kilometers


57

AJ-57

null

9017397


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


















Preview of Events

Guide to Reading

1450 1500 1550 1600


Causes Effects




Martin Luther

AJ-58

null

692771











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit











Economics





$


History

AJ-59

null

16671411



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit



















AJ-60

null

1496806


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit


500 miles0N

S

EW

11

22


50degN

40degN

30degN

20degN

Ohio R

Miss i ssippi R

LakeMichigan

Lake Erie

LakeOntario

LakeChamplain

Lake SuperiorLake

Huron

StL

awre

nceR

Gulf of Mexico

ATLaNTIC

OCEaN

Hudson Bay

1678

ndash82

166 9 ndash71

NEWFOUNDLAND

AP

PAL A

CH

I AN

MO

UN

TA

I NS

Quebec


FortFrontenac

FortDetroit

St Ignace




11

22







Spanish territory









AJ-61

null

59298378




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit




Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange






Reviewing Themes


Critical Thinking



Analyzing Visuals












Americarsquos Flags

Columbian Exchange



AJ-62

null

12047444

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

63

Reading a Time Line


C02-10Ctimeline tk





















1480 1490 1500 1510 1520

Magellan



AJ-63

null

8578563

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit

64























reaches India





captures Atahualpa




Mississippi River




Hudson River











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit











HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer


















HISTORY

CityMissionPresent-


300 miles0

N

S

EW

110˚W 100˚W 90˚W

30˚N

40˚N


Mexico

COLO

TEXAS

MEXICO

N MEX

UTAH

ARIZ

NEV

CALIF

Mexico City

Santa Fe

El Paso

San DiegoLosAngeles

San Francisco

San Antonio







correct answer













Table of Contents


Scavenger Hunt


















World Political

United States Facts

Geography Handbook

What Is Geography


How Do I Use Maps



Be an Active Reader

















































Handbook Assessment




























































































































































Appendix






Gazetteer

Glossary

Spanish Glossary

Index


Feature Contents



More Abouthellip



Americas Literature

Two Viewpoints



What Ifhellip


TIME Notebook

Why It Matters

Causes and Effects

SkillBuilder

Critical Thinking

Social Studies

Study amp Writing

Technology

People In History



Charts amp Graphs

Maps

Student Workbooks






















































































































































































































































































































































































































































































































Workbook Overview


































Help

Internet Link

Previous Document

Search - Document


Page Navigator

Exit