exploring pollination webs the hawaiian islands · exploring pollination webs in the hawaiian...
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![Page 1: Exploring Pollination Webs the Hawaiian Islands · Exploring Pollination Webs in the Hawaiian Islands Heather Sahli, Don Drake. 1, Andrew Taylor 2, 1 Department of Botany . 2. Department](https://reader034.vdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022042416/5f321c1ecbeecf7e74640a33/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Exploring Pollination Webs in the Hawaiian Islands
Heather Sahli, Don Drake1, Andrew Taylor2,
1Department of Botany 2Department of Zoology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
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Importance of Pollinators
• Essential for plant reproduction in 80‐90% of flowering plant species
• Facing global risk of decline– Habitat loss and introduction of non‐native competitors and predators
– Islands particularly susceptible to pollinator loss
– Little known about pollinators of Hawaiian plants
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Community Approach• Quantifying plant‐pollinator interactions for majority
of flowering plants in a community
– Interactions between alien and native species– Which plants share pollinators/ which pollinators share
plants?– Distribution of generalists and specialists
Data from Pat Aldrich, UH-Manoa Ph.D. candidatePollination web at Pu’u Wa’awa’a
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Projects
Sub‐alpine scrub
Haleakala, Maui
Dry Forest
Puu
Waawaa, HawaiiCoastal strand
Ka’ena
Point, Oahu
Early succession rainforest
Mauna Loa, HawaiiLater succession rainforest
Mauna Loa, HawaiiElevation Gradient
Mauna Loa, Hawaii
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Comparative Roles of Native and Alien Species
• Changes in pollination webs along an elevation gradient (Hawaii)
• Indirect effects of invasive ants on plant reproduction (Maui)
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Variation in Pollinator Webs Across an Elevation Gradient
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2440m
880m
http://commons.wikimedia.org/
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Methods
• Observed plants during 10‐min
intervals
*Approx. 400 person hrs total over one year
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Specific Questions
• How does elevation effect:
– 1) Visitation rates
– 2) Visitor composition• Proportion of native and non‐native pollinators
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Mean Visitation Rates Across SitesM
ean
vis
its/
flw
r/h
r
Elevation (m)
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Changes in Native Pollinator Importance
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Differences in Visitor Composition
Flower visitors
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Vaccinium calycinumVaccinium reticulatumArundina
Dubautia
Metrosideros
Leptecophylla
Apis*
Hylaeus
Toxomerus*
Allograpta*
Trupanea
Calliphorid*
Midge
Nysius
Metallic wasp
White eye*
Amakihi
Microlep
Moth
Mouse*
Red abdomen wasp*
Hylaeus pubescens
Vespula*
Ant*
Tachinid*
Bethylidae
Other diptera
Other hemiptera1150m WebC = 0.24
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Coprosma
Hypochoeris
Metrosideros
Vaccinium reticulatum
Leptecophylla
Dubautia
Hylaeus
Toxomerus*
NesodynerusAllograpta*
Nysius
Apis*
Ant*
Microlep
Other fly
Amakihi
ApapaneMidge
Other hemipteraTrupanea
Tiny wasp
Long winged fly
Other syrphid*
1830m WebC = 0.42
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Conclusions• Middle elevations communities more complex and plants receive more visits– What are the factors driving this pattern?
• Native pollinators increasingly more important at higher elevations
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Pollinator‐Mediated Indirect Effects
Upcountry Haleakala, Maui
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Expanding Ant Invasion
Paul Krushelnycky, USGS
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Study Sites
300 m inside invasion
150 m inside invasion
100 m outside invasion
Invasio
n Fron
t
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Geranium cuneatum
Santalum haleakalae
Leptecophylla tameiameiae
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Visitation Rate by Plant Species
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Visitor Composition
100m Outside Ant Invasion
150m Inside Ant Invasion
300m Inside Ant Invasion
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Hylaeus Abundance (Pan Traps)
300m inside invasion
150m inside invasion
100m outside invasion
Site Location
Avg
. #H
ylae
us/tr
ap/d
ay
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Haleakala Conclusions
-
-
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Conclusions• Native pollinators:
– Extremely important at mid and high elevations
– May not be easily replaced by non‐native pollinators
• Non‐native insect predators:– Reduce native bee populations– Indirectly effect plants by reducing flower
visits
Yellow‐faced bee (Hylaeus
spp.)
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Mahalo!
Funding:NSF EPSCoR
UH Hilo PIPES/NSF REU
Field work:Jonathan KochLan
Truong
Chandra LegdesogMahina
Patterson
Michelle ElmoreDoug PowlessMelody EuaparadornPat AldrichPaul Krushelnycky
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Elevation Gradient
Low elevation (880m)
High elevation (2440m)
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Leptecophylla
tameiameiae(Pūkiawe)
Metrosideros
polymorpha('Ōhi'a)
Vaccinium
calycinum(Ōhelo)
Dubautia
scabra
Vaccinium
reticulatum(Ōhelo)
*Arundina
graminifolia(Bamboo orchid)
*Hypochoeris
radicata(Hairy cat’s ear)
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Flower Visitors
*Syrphid
fly
Yellow‐faced bee (Hylaeus
spp.)
Seed bug
*Japanese white‐eyePhoto: K.W. Bridges
Amakihi*Honeybee
ApapanePhoto: Peter LaTourrette
©Arnold Gum 2005