Exploration

Age of Exploration

3 countries sponsored early explorers.

Portugal

Italy

Spain

Factors That Encouraged Exploration…

What is the easiest way to remember it all?

The Three G’s:

–Gold

–God

–Glory

Gold

Gold was a hot item that explorers were looking for– really wealth, not just literal gold.

The search for spices and profits– What country dominated trade in Europe?

Italy – Other countries paid higher prices for limited

products So, What did they do??

– They found new routes to the places where products were made

– Da Gama’s voyage to India made him a 3000% profit! Other natural resources would come to be sold for

profit as well – timber, sugar, tobacco, ivory, etc.

God

Europeans see spreading Christianity as a good thing– Many Christians felt it was their sacred duty to

convert non Christians

Especially after the Reformation, competition will spring up– Colonization will become a race to convert native peoples to a

particular brand of Christianity– Jesuits (Catholics) are some of the most active

Just like Gold, Glory was a relatively new idea in Europe– Renaissance focus of individual

achievement– Printing press = fame for one’s actions was

more possible– Individual kings wanted glory for their

kingdoms competition spreads

Questions

How did the Renaissance influence exploration?

What are the 3 main factors G? – Hint: GoGoGlo

Besides gold, what other natural resources were the explorers searching for?

How did the Reformation lead to the Age of Exploration?

Technological Advances…

Ability to use new technologyPeople were inspired by new

inventions and ideas.

The Caravel– The caravel was a new, faster, more

maneuverable ship– This ship had a newly designed hull– triangular sails that helped it maintain

it’s course in storms (easier to change direction)

The Compass

– This invention would help people determine what direction they were traveling

The Astrolabe

– This invention helped people tell how far north or south of the equator they were

Explorations

Prince Henry “The Navigator”– Not a navigator…a patron– Henry paid for many sea

voyages– He also opened a school of

navigation in Portugal– What did he expect to get

out of all this?

Explorations…

Effects of Exploration

Good:

Doors to the Americas were opened

A ‘New World’ was discovered

Bad:

Natives got diseases that killed them

Natives lost their freedom, customs and pride

Voyages of Exploration

Extension

Voyages of DiscoveryYear Explorer Sponsor Area Explored1418-1460 Various Portugal Madeira, Azores, west-

African coast to cape Verde1487-1488 Dias Portugal African coast to Cape of Good Hope1492 Columbus Spain Bahamas, Santo Domingo1493 Columbus Spain West Indian Islands1497-1498 Cabot England Newfoundland, Nova Scotia1497-1499 da Gama Portugal Cape of Good Hope, Indian Ocean1498 Columbus Spain Trinidad, Venezuela1499 Vespucci Spain Northeastern coast of S. America1500 Cabral Portugal Brazil, Indian Ocean to W. India1502-1504 Columbus Spain Central American Coast1519-1522 Magellan Spain First circumnavigation of globe,

Cape Horn, Pacific Ocean1524 Verrazano FranceAmerican coast from Virginia to

Newfoundland1533, 1534 Cartier FranceQuebec, St. Lawrence River1577-1580 Drake England Circumnavigation of globe, W. coast-

of N. and S. America

Voyages of Exploration

Extension

Explorer Country/year

Bart Dias Portugal 1488

VascoDa Gama Portugal 1497

Columbus Spain 1492 (1st of 4)

Amerigo Vespucci Italy 1499 & 1501

Vasco Balboa Spain 1513

Pedro Cabral Portugal 1500

Ferdinand Magellan

Spain 1519-1522

Cape of Good Hope

water route around Africa to India and back

thought Asia actually the Americas

The Americas

Panama

Brazil / Amazon River

All water route around the world

What is the significance of these explorations?

Treaty of Tordesillas

• Portugal & Spain were arguing over new land

• Pope drew a line to divide the “Indies”– To keep peace– Line through the Atlantic

Ocean

• East = Portugal• West = Spain

Effects of Exploration

Good:

• Doors to the Americas were opened

• A ‘New World’ was discovered

Bad:

• Natives got diseases that killed them

• Natives lost freedom, customs & pride

Positive Effects of Exploration

• A “New World” was discovered• Columbian Exchange: exchange of

goods b/w Europe & Americas– America never knew of horses, cows,

chickens, pigs, sheep, goats, donkeys or oxen

– New plants such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, oranges, apples, bananas, coffee

– Europe never knew of corn, tomatoes, squash, tobacco, cacao, potatoes

Negative Effects of Exploration

• Natives got diseases from explorers– Epidemics: smallpox, measles, influenza

• were foreign to native Americans– 75 years after Columbus—population on

Hispaniola went from 250,000 to 500– Helped destroy entire empires—ie: Aztec Empire

• Natives lost their freedom, customs & pride• Slave Trade

– Discovery of areas in Africa led to importation of African slaves

– Europeans started plantations in America for cultivation...forced natives to be slaves

Negative Effects of Exploration

• African nations had no stable governments after colonization.– Warlords came in and took over.