SC.912.L.16.5Transcription/Translation

Explain the basic processes of transcription and translation, and how they result in the expression of genes.

•Remember, genes are made of DNA and are in the nucleus

DNA ? Protein

•Genes (DNA) contain the instruction for making  a protein

TranscriptionIn transcription, DNA is used to make mRNA

in the nucleusRemember the RNA base pairing rules

mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm

DNA base RNA match

A U

T A

C G

G C

DNA mRNA

Translation• Occurs in the cytoplasm• mRNA goes to the ribosome• 3 bases on mRNA is a codon – each codon

codes for one amino acid• Anticodon on tRNA base pairs with codon on

mRNA• In translation, tRNA then brings amino acids

in the proper order to make the protein on the ribosome. mRNA protein

Translation A- amino acidB- tRNAC- anticodonD- codonE- mRNAF- RibosomeG-polypeptide (protein)

What amino acids are coded for by the DNA strand below?

ATA GAGa) Stopb) Tyr Leuc) Tyr Glud) Tyr His

Changing one base in a gene could have the most direct effect on the

a) Function of the membrane of a cell

b) Type of carbohydrates synthesized by a cell

c) Number of mitochondria in a cell

d) Sequence of building blocks of a protein found in a cell