expert systems.ppt
TRANSCRIPT
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Expert Systems
An expert system is a computer
program that is designed to hold
the accumulated knowledge of
one or more domain experts
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KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM
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CONCEPT
USER
FACT
EXPERTISE
KNOWLEDGE
BASE
INFERENCE
ENGINE
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TUJUAN SISTEM PAKAR
Memasyarakatkan Pengetahuandan
Pengalamanseorang pakar
Dapat digunakan non-expert untukmeningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan
masalah oleh pakar sebagai
knowledgeable assistantMemecahkan masalah tanpa kehadiran
seorang pakar
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Components of an Expert System
The knowledge baseis the collection of factsand rules which describe all the knowledgeabout the problem domain
The inference engineis the part of thesystem that chooses which facts and rules toapply when trying to solve the users query
The user interfaceis the part of the systemwhich takes in the users query in a readableform and passes it to the inference engine. Itthen displays the results to the user.
DATABASE
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PARTISIPASI DALAM MEMBANGUN SISTEM
PAKAR DAN ATURAN-ATURANNYA
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Why use Expert Systems?
Experts are not alwaysavailable. An expertsystem can be used
anywhere, any time.Human experts are not100% reliable or consistent
Experts may not be good atexplaining decisions
Cost effective
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Problems with Expert Systems
Limited domain
Systems are not always
up to date, and dontlearn
No common sense
Experts needed to setupand maintain system
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KNOWLEDGE BASE
Rule Based Reasoning
Aturan :IF-THEN
Contoh Rule 1 : IF hewan
berambut dan menyusuiTHEN hewan mamalia
Rule 2 : IF hewan
bersayap dan bertelurTHEN hewan unggas
Rule 3 : IF hewan mamaliadan memakan dagingTHEN hewan karnivora
dll
Case Based Reasoning
Penalaran berbasis
kasus Berisi solusi-solusi,
solusi tersebut akanditurunkan untukkeadaan yang terjadi
sekarang (fakta yangada)
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INFERESI
FORWARD CHAINING
Dimulai dari IF kemudian THEN
Dimulai dari FAKTA kemudian mengujikebenaran HIPOTESIS
BACKWARD CHAINING
Dimulai dari THEN kemudian IF
Dimulai dari HIPOTESIS kemudian untukmenguji kebenaran dicari fakta-fakta yang ada.
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KNOWLEDGE BASE
A1Monitor
RusakA5
Sound
Card
Rusak
A9Prosesor
RusakA13
Kabel IDE
rusak
A2Memori
RusakA6
OS
bermasalahA10
Memori
Kurang
(Upgrade
Memori)
A14
Kurang
Daya pada
PSU
(Upgrade)
A3HDD
RusakA7
Aplikasi
RusakA11
Memori
VGA
Kurang
(Upgrade)
A15Perangkat
USB rusak
A4 VGA Rusak A8 PSU Rusak A12
Clock
Prosesor
Kurang
Tinggi
A16Keyboard
Rusak
A17Mouse
Rusak
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RULE BASE
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FORWARD CHAINING
Contoh :
IFB1 : Tidak ada Gambar
AND
B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal
ditengah monitor
THENA1 : Monitor Rusak
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BACKWARD CHAINING
Contoh
MONITOR RUSAK
Apakah :
B1 : Tidak ada Gambar
AND
B2 : Terdapat Garis Horisontal/Vertikal
ditengah monitor
HIPOTESA BENAR= 100%
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Teknik Pencarian
Depth First Search
Ruang Pencarian secara Vertical, (Kiri ke Kanan)Keuntungannya : Permasalahan dapat digali lebihmendalam (detail)
Kerugiannya : Waktu lama
Breadth First Search
Penelusuran ke setiap node dalam level yang samasebelum ke level dibawahnya
Keuntungannya : setiap node akan di check secarakeseluruhan pada tiap tingkatan
Kerugiannya : waktu lama ketika berada di node terakhir,tidak efektif karena bisa menyebabkan tidak ada relasi.
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Applications of Expert Systems
PROSPECTOR:
Used by geologists
to identify sites for
drilling or mining
PUFF:
Medical system
for diagnosis of
respiratory conditions
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Applications of Expert Systems
DESIGN ADVISOR:Gives advice to
designers of
processor chips
MYCIN:
Medical system for
diagnosing blood disorders.
First used in 1979
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Applications of Expert Systems
DENDRAL: Used to
identify the structure of
chemical compounds.
First used in 1965
LITHIAN: Gives advice
to archaeologists
examining stone tools
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Expert Systems on the Web
http://www.aiinc.ca/demos/whale.html
http://www.vanguardsw.com/
decisionscript/examples.htmhttp://www.exsys.com/demomain.html
http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/car
http://www.expertise2go.com/webesie/wine