expert systems with examples
DESCRIPTION
ppt on expert system and their importance in ismTRANSCRIPT
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Expert Systems
An expert system is a computer program that is designed to hold the accumulated knowledge of one or more domain experts
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Overview of Expert Systems
Can… Explain their reasoning or suggested
decisions Display intelligent behavior Draw conclusions from complex relationships Provide portable knowledge
Expert system shell A collection of software packages and tools
used to develop expert systems
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Capabilities of Expert Systems
Strategic goal setting
Decision making
Planning
Design
Quality control and monitoring
Diagnosis
Explore impact of strategic goals
Impact of plans on resources
Integrate general design principles and manufacturing limitations
Provide advise on decisions
Monitor quality and assist in finding solutions
Look for causes and suggest solutions
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When to Use an Expert System (1)
Provide a high potential payoff or significantly reduced downside riskCapture and preserve irreplaceable human expertiseProvide expertise needed at a number of locations at the same time or in a hostile environment that is dangerous to human health
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When to Use an Expert System (2)
Provide expertise that is expensive or rare
Develop a solution faster than human experts can
Provide expertise needed for training and development to share the wisdom of human experts with a large number of people
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Components of anExpert System (1)
Knowledge base Stores all relevant information, data, rules, cases,
and relationships used by the expert system
Inference engine Seeks information and relationships from the
knowledge base and provides answers, predictions, and suggestions in the way a human expert would
Rule A conditional statement that links given conditions
to actions or outcomes
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Components of anExpert System (2)
Fuzzy logic A specialty research area in computer science that
allows shades of gray and does not require everything to be simply yes/no, or true/false
Backward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with conclusions
and works backward to the supporting facts
Forward chaining A method of reasoning that starts with the facts
and works forward to the conclusionsSchematic
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Inferenceengine
Knowledgebase
acquisitionfacility
Userinterface
Knowledgebase
Experts User
Explanation facility
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Rules for a Credit Application
Mortgage application for a loan for Rs100,000 to Rs200,000
If there are no previous credits problems, and
If month net income is greater than 4x monthly loan payment, and
If down payment is 15% of total value of property, and
If net income of borrower is > Rs25,000, and
If employment is > 3 years at same company
Then accept the applications
Else check other credit rules
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Explanation Facility
Explanation facility A part of the expert system that allows a
user or decision maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain conclusions or results
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Knowledge Acquisition Facility
Knowledge acquisition facility Provides a convenient and efficient means of
capturing and storing all components of the knowledge base
Knowledgebase
Knowledgeacquisition
facility
Joe Expert
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Determining requirements
Identifying experts
Construct expert system components
Implementing results
Maintaining and reviewing system
Expert Systems Development
Domain•The area of knowledgeaddressed by theexpert system.
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Participants in Expert Systems Development and Use
Domain expert The individual or group whose expertise and
knowledge is captured for use in an expert system
Knowledge user The individual or group who uses and benefits
from the expert system
Knowledge engineer Someone trained or experienced in the design,
development, implementation, and maintenance of an expert system
Schematic
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Expertsystem
Domain expert
Knowledge engineer Knowledge
user
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Evolution of Expert Systems Software
Expert system shell Collection of software packages & tools to design,
develop, implement, and maintain expert systems
Ease
of
use
low
high
Before 1980 1980s 1990s 2000s
Traditionalprogramminglanguages
Special and 4th
generationlanguages
Expert systemshells
Artificial Intelligence
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Advantages of Expert Systems
Easy to develop and modify
The use of satisficing
The use of heuristics
Development by knowledge engineers and users
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Applications of Expert Systems
Credit granting Information management and retrieval AI and expert systems embedded in products Plant layout Hospitals and medical facilities Help desks and assistance Employee performance evaluation Loan analysis Virus detection Repair and maintenance Shipping Marketing Warehouse optimization
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Limitations of Expert Systems
Not widely used or tested
Limited to relatively narrow problems
Cannot readily deal with “mixed” knowledge
Possibility of error
Cannot refine own knowledge base
Difficult to maintain
May have high development costs
Raise legal and ethical concerns
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Applications of Expert Systems
PROSPECTOR:Used by geologists to identify sites for drilling or mining
PUFF:Medical system for diagnosis of
respiratory conditions
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Applications of Expert Systems
DESIGN ADVISOR:Gives advice to
designers of processor chips
MYCIN:Medical system for
diagnosing blood disorders. First used in 1979
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Applications of Expert Systems
DENDRAL: Used to identify the structure of chemical compounds.
First used in 1965
LITHIAN: Gives advice to archaeologists
examining stone tools
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Why use Expert Systems?
Experts are not always available. An expert system can be used anywhere, any time.Human experts are not 100% reliable or consistentExperts may not be good at explaining decisionsCost effective
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Problems with Expert Systems
Limited domain
Systems are not always up to date, and don’t learn
No “common sense”
Experts needed to setup and maintain system
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Legal and Ethical Issues
Who is responsible if the advice is wrong? The user? The domain expert? The knowledge engineer? The programmer of the expert system shell? The company selling the software?
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Thanks