expert day –‘collective · mercedes-benz - daimler 2,5 kwh –lfp li-ion no prices available 25...

EXPERT DAY – ‘COLLECTIVE PV-INSTALLATIONS:

A SOLUTION FOR INCREASED SELF CONSUMPTION’

VAKGROEP < ELEKTRISCHE ENERGIE, SYSTEMEN EN AUTOMATISERING >

ONDERZOEKSGROEP < EELAB LEMCKO >

CONTACT :

Prof. Dr. ir. Jan Desmet

EELAB/Lemcko – Universiteit Gent

[email protected]

3

MAIN RESEARCH:IMPACT AND INTERACTION OF RES AND NLL ON LV & MV NETWORKS

OUTLINE

Introduction

Optimisation using storage

Basic approach

Battery Storage

Flywheel Storage

PVT-panels

How about PVT-technology

Combination PVT and PV

Economical aspects of storage

Conclusions

4

INTRODUCTION

5

Zonnepanelen en windmolens

kunnen voortaan overal

6

Increased implementation

of DER

Yield of sun and wind

unpredictable

Energy storage is a solution to the

unpredictability of renewable energy production

Insta

lled c

apacity [

MW

]

INTRODUCTION

7

Simulation week by modelling

Averaged data

Consumption profile real household

Yield profile Lemcko sun test field

Matching of profiles:

Lente Zomer HerfstWinter Winter

INTRODUCTION

8

Storage possibilities:• Nowadays most of all battery systems

• Maybe other technologies are relevant to implement for

optimising system reliability

• Storage is needed for further implementation of

decentralised energy production.

Case Germany:

• March 2015 – 111 000 kWh equivalent to

12.200 households with an averaged

yearly consumption of 2.5MWh

1000W

2000W

3000W

7000W

6000W

5000W

4000W

INTRODUCTION

9

Introduction


Basic approach

Battery Storage

Flywheel Storage

PVT-panels




Conclusions

OUTLINE

10

OPTIMISATION USING STORAGE

Production Green – Consumption Dashed

Consumption Light Blue – Self provided Dashed

Need for balancing

Self consumption Generated energy by PV

installation, instantaneous

consumed – Decreases by

increasing installed PV peak

power

Self providing Demand power instantaneous

provided by the PV installation

– Increases with increasing

installed PV peak power

11

Consumption and yield of PV installation of a household


12

Dimensioning – Battery StoragePrinciple

AC OUTAC IN

Battery bank

Invertor

PV

Disconnenction

relaisAutomatic

Disconnenction system


13


Optimisation – Using storage

Self consumption - Zc

Self providing - Zp

0 kWh/MWh

0.5 kWh/MWh

1 kWh/MWh

1,5 kWh/MWh

2 kWh/MWh3 kWh/MWh4 kWh/MWh5 kWh/MWh

Ratio S

elf-c

onsum

ption/S

elf-p

rovid

ing

[pu]

Ratio Year-yield/Year-consumption [pu]

Over dimensioningUnder-

dimensioning

14


Flywheel storage– “ With their high cycle life and ramping capabilities, flywheels can be used for

regulation. Batteries may be better for supplying load following, where cycle life requirements and the ratio of peak power to stored energy are lower”.

• Not an new technology – but optimized over years…

– Around 1970’s where applications for backup-power and electric vehicles proposed

– Around 1980’s magnetic bearing were introduced

– In essence an mechanical battery, that stores the energy in kinetic form.

– The energy is stored in a rotating mass and the amount of stored energy is a function of the moment of inertia and the angular velocity

– 𝐸 =1

2I * ω² [J]

15

Dimensioning flywheels:

Self consumption and self providing analogue as battery systems

Better under peak load conditions due to BMS of batteries

Major drawback: self discharge in terms of hours


• Case:• Consumption = 4135 kWh

• PV generation = 5030 kWh

• Results of a single day (5 september)– 13,5 h standstill

– Active charging/discharing : 5.5 h

– 5 h idling

16

Combination flywheel and batteryEvening peak can be provided by FESS

Since: High power in short terms

No influence on live expectation

Basic load used by batteries

Live expectation of batteries will increase

*Ex. The pilot plant in County Offaly

was built for Schwungrad EnergieTime [10-minute based]P

rodu

ction/c

onsum

ption

[kW

h P

U]


17

Introduction


Basic approach

Battery Storage

Flywheel Storage

PVT-panels




Conclusions

OUTLINE

18

PVT-panels:Specifications 500 kWht/m²

125 kWhe/m²

Great differences in yield as a function of brand and type.

As a rule: Thermal yield is four times higher than the electrical yield

Only feasible in cases of high thermal energy consumption (tap water)

Also to combine with standard PV panels to improve electric yield.

Demand profile (SHW and SLP) Standard PVT – Production

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

x 104

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9x 10

-5

Time [ 10-minute based]

Tota

l user

consum

ption [

kW

h P

U]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

x 104

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8x 10

-4

Time [10-minute based]

Yie

ld [

kW

h P

U]

Total Power

Solar Power

HOW ABOUT PVT TECHNOLOGY?

19

PVT-panels:

Optimized thermal production – Case 3 persons

2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.1 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16

x 104

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Therm

al yie

ld /

consum

ption p

rofile

[kW

h P

U]


Thermal Optimalisation - Thermal Part

Sanitair hot water

Thermal Power In

Thermal Power Used

2.06 2.07 2.08 2.09 2.1 2.11 2.12 2.13 2.14 2.15 2.16

x 104

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4

0.45

0.5

Therm

al yie

ld /

consum

ption p

rofile

[kW

h P

U]


Thermal Optimalisation - Thermal Part

Sanitair hot water

Thermal Power In

Thermal Power Used

0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 70

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Variation PVT-panels [m²]

Zc,

Zv [

%]

Optimization Sanitair Hot Water Production with solar boiler

Over dimensioningUnder dimensioning

Incre

ased b

oile

r volu

me

Thermal Optimization:

4,2m² surface needed• Zc = 79,91 % (20 % thermal energy lost in Summer/Spring)

• Zv = 56,97 %

HOW ABOUT PVT TECHNOLOGY?

20

Over dimensioningUnder dimensioning

Thermal Optimization:

4,2m² as needed surface for 3 persons• Zc = 97,87 %

• Zv = 15,48 %

0 0.7 1.4 2.1 2.8 3.5 4.2 4.9 5.6 6.3 70

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Variation PVT-panels [m²]

Zc,

Zv [

%]

Optimalisation Sanitair Hot Water Production - Electrical Part

2.22 2.24 2.26 2.28 2.3 2.32 2.34 2.36

x 104

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09


Ele

ctr

ical yie

ld /

Consum

ption p

rofile

[kW

h P

U]

Thermal Optimalisation - Electrical part

15.8% production versus

100% consumption

HOW ABOUT PVT TECHNOLOGY?PVT-panels:

Optimized electric production – Case 3 persons

21

COMBINATION OF PV & PVT-PANELS From the idea of optimized use of PV installation (electrical):

Highly pending op consumption profile:

Profile 1 Profile 2

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

x 104

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9


Ele

ctr

ical yie

ld [

kW

h 1

0 m

in]

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

x 104

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1


User

consum

ption [

kW

h 1

0 m

in]

Yield/Consumption

Electrical ratio

Zc without

battery0.5 kWh/MWh 1 kWh/MWh 5 kWh/MWh

Profile 1 21,72 % 39,84 % 50,62 % 71, 87 %

Profile 2 36,82 % 53,73 % 62,07 % 71,86%

Optimization by

DSM is needed to

increase efficiency

22

Introduction


Basic approach

Battery Storage

Flywheel Storage

PVT-panels



Economic aspects of storage

Conclusions

OUTLINE

23

Evolution of averaged kWh-

price of electricity in €c

Da = low load– 600 kWh one tarif

Dc – Averaged load– 1600 kWh/day and 1900 kWh/night

De – High load– 3600 kWh/day, 3900kWh/night and 12500kWh excl/night

Evolution of electricity

unit price in € per kWh

2015 Q1 - 2016

ECONOMIC ASPECTS

24

Price of batteriies [Euro/kWh]

2013

2020

2030

3000 kWh

2000 kWh2000 kWh

0 With PV-battery system of ± 1kWh/MWh Zc 60%

Cost with back counting energy meter:

2014: 0 €

2015: 222,5 € (0 + ((89x5)/2)

2016: 565 € (0 + (113 x 5 ))

Cost with bidirectional energy meter:

2000 kWh x 0,27 €c = 540 €

2000 kWh x injection tarif = 0 €

Total = 540 €

Nowadays gain too small with respect

to the investment cost of the system

Optimization needed

GSC tot taken into account

ECONOMIC ASPECTS

MyReserve battery – Solarwatt Li-ion battery 4.4 kWh, extendable to 11 kWh 5499 euro inclusive DC-DC invertor (1250 euro/kWh) Efficiency: 99.2% - total efficiency: 93%

Powerwall - Tesla Li-ion battery 6.4 kWh 2670 euro only battery!! (400 euro/kWh) Total price 5900 a 7700 euro (920 to 1200 euro/kWh) Total efficiency: 93%

Orison 2,2 kWh Tower 1762,31 euro complete system (800 euro/kWh)

Mercedes-Benz - Daimler 2,5 kWh – LFP Li-ion No prices available

25

BMW Second live battery (22kWh) from the i3

Price unknown

xStorage – Nissan 4000 euro (Second live battery cells van Nissan Leaf )

total price

4,2 kWh (950 euro/kWh)

Panasonic 8 kWh

7000 euro total Price (900 euro/kWh)

…

ECONOMIC ASPECTS -OVERVIEW

CONCLUSIONS

From household point of view: Optimal PV installation kWp=MWh consumption

Only 30% self consumption

Storage can improve self provision noticeable

From apartment point of view: Optimal PV installation kWp<>MWh total consumption

The higher the load spectrum, the better the self consumption

Less storage for same ride through capability

BIPV increases yield spread

Financial aspects: For households quite straight on: PB less than 7y

For apartments difficult to determinate cost/benefit

27

CONTACT:

Prof. Dr. ir. Jan Desmet [email protected]

Ghent University – Campus Kortrijk [email protected]

Research Group EELAB/Lemcko +32 56 24 12 35

Graaf Karel de Goedelaan 34

8500 Kortrijk

Belgium

expert day –‘collective · mercedes-benz - daimler 2,5 kwh –lfp li-ion no prices available 25...

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