experimental study on glass fiber reinforced geopolymer ... · 1 experimental study on glass fiber...

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Experimental Study on Glass Fiber Reinforced

Geopolymer Concrete Madhava Perumal .R

1, J.Jasper Daniel

2, Suriya .S

3, Vignesh .R

4

1,2 Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College

3,4UG Students Department of Civil Engineering, Rajalakshmi Engineering College

[email protected]

Abstract - This paper examines that thus Geo-polymer based Concrete is highly environment friendly and

the same time it can be made a high-performance concrete. In the present study, 100% replacement of

conventional ordinary Portland cement is made by using class F fly ash, Ground granulated blast furnace

slag and catalytic liquids or AAS to prepare Geo-polymer concrete mixes. In our present study we

evaluated strength characteristics of Geo polymer concrete by varying the percentage of glass fiber for

M40 grade of concrete. The work has been done to structural specimen like cylinders, beams and cubes

and evaluated compressive, split tensile strength, flexural strength for different binding material

proportions and solution concentration. Glass fibers were added to the mix in the volume fractions of

0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04% volume of the concrete. Present study shall be a right step forward in

reducing consumption of natural sand and consuming higher volumes of fly ash available in Chennai

region together with fibers for sustainable and durable concrete.

Keywords: geo-polymer concrete, fly ash, glass fibre compressive strength, split tensile strength.

I. INTRODUCTION

Concrete is one of the most widely used construction material. Portland cement production is a major

contributor to carbon-di-oxide emissions .The global warming is caused by the emission of greenhouse gases,

such as carbon-di-oxide, to the atmosphere by human activities. Among the greenhouse gases, carbon-di-oxide

contributes about 65% of global warming. Many efforts are being made in order to reduce the use of Portland

cement in concrete. These efforts include the utilization of supplementary cementing materials such as fly ash,

silica fume, granulated blast furnace slag, rice-husk ash, Metakaolin and finding alternative binders to Portland

cement.

Geo-polymer is used as the binder, instead of cement paste, to produce concrete. The geo-polymer

paste binds the loose coarse aggregates, fine aggregates and other unreacted materials together to form the geo-

polymer concrete. The manufacture of geo-polymer concrete is carried out using the usual concrete technology

methods. As in the Portland cement concrete, the aggregates occupy the largest volume, that is, approximately

75 to 80% by mass, in geo-polymer concrete. The silicon and the aluminum in the fly ash are activated by a

combination of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions to form the geo-polymer paste that binds the

aggregates.

The production of one ton of cement emits approximately one ton carbon dioxide to the atmosphere, which

leads to global warming conditions. So, one of the ways to produce environmentally friendly concrete is to

reduce the use of Ordinary Portland Cement by replacing cement with by-product materials such as fly ash. One

of the efforts to produce more environmentally friendly concrete is to replace the Portland cement in concrete

with by-product materials such as fly ash. An effort to make environmentally friendly concrete is the

development of inorganic alumina-silicate polymer, such as fly ash that are rich in silicon and aluminium called

JASC: Journal of Applied Science and Computations

Volume VI, Issue V, May/2019

ISSN NO: 1076-5131

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Geo-polymer. Synthesized from materials of geological origin or by-product materials such as Fly ash that are

rich in Silicon and Aluminum. GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Slag) is a waste material Generated in iron or

Slag Industries have significant impact on Strength and Durability of Geo-polymer Concrete. Fiber reinforced

cement or concrete is a relatively new composite material in which fibers are introduced in the matrix as micro

reinforcement, so as to improve the tensile, cracking and other properties of concrete. Glass fiber is a material

consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass. GFRC has been used for the past 30 years to produce

many concrete products, especially thin architectural cladding panels, but also for ornamental concrete such as

domes, statues, planters, and fountains. Recently, decorative concrete artisans have discovered the benefits of

GFRC for decorative panels such as fireplace surrounds, concrete countertops, and artificial rock work.

II. MATERIALS

The material used in this project is fly ash, GGBS, glass fiber, geo polymer solution fine aggregate and

coarse aggregate. The properties of the material is notified below .The following flow chart will be used to

explain brief about this project.

A. Fly ash

Fly ash is one of the residues created during the combustion of coal in coal-fired power plants. Fine

particles rise with flue gasses and are collected with filter bags or electrostatic precipitator’s Fly ash is a waste

by-product material that must be disposed of or recycled.

B. Alkaline liquids

A combination of sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution was chosen as the alkaline

liquid.Sodium based solution were chosen because they were cheaper than potassium based solution.Sodium

hydroxide solution with the concentration of 8 M consisted of 8*40=320g of sodium hydroxide per litre of

solution.Alkaline liquids are used in ratio of 1:2 (NaOH:Na2SiO3)

C. Coarse aggregates

Coarse aggregate comprising of maximum size of 20 mm, having fineness modulus of 7.29,specific

gravity of 2.67,water absorption of 0.9% and impact value is 7.3%

D. Fine aggregates

Fine aggregates having fineness modulus of 2.76,specific gravity of 2.7,water absorption of 1%

E. Glass fibre

Glass fibres are made of silicon oxide with addition of small amounts of other oxides. Glass fibres are

characteristic for their high strength, good temperature and corrosion resistance, and low price. Alkali resistant

E-glass fibres of 12mm length, 0.014mm nominal diameter, specific gravity of 1.9 and density of 2650 kg/m3

were used.

F. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS)

Granulated Blast Furnace Slag is obtained by rapidly chilling (quenching) the molten ash from the furnace with

the help of water. During this process, the slag gets fragmented and transformed into amorphous granules

(glass), meeting the requirement of IS 12089:1987 (manufacturing specification for granulated slag used in

Portland Slag Cement). The granulated slag is ground to desired fineness for producing GGBS. The chemical

composition of JSW’s GGBS contributes to the production of superior cement. Over the period of time, its load-

bearing properties continue to increase as it absorbs surplus lime released during hydration to form more

calcium silicate hydrates. These hydrates add to the strength of the cement.



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III. MIX PROPORTION

By the Replacement of 40% of fly ash and 60% of GGBS instead of OPC,fine aggregate and coarse

aggregate were mixed together as a dry mix for 4minutes and the Glass fibers are reinforced with

0%,0.01%,0.02%, 0.03%,0.04% by volume of concrete alkaline activator are add by ratio of 1:2

(NaOH:Na2SIO3)

TABLE 1

MIX PROPORTION TABLE OF GFRGPC

Material Glass

fiber 0%

Glass fiber

0.01%

Glass fiber

0.02%

Glass fiber

0.03%

Glass fiber

0.04%

Coarse aggregate

(Kg / m3)

1053.63 1053.63 1053.63 1053.63 1053.63

Fine aggregate

(Kg / m3)

762.98 762.98 762.98 762.98 762.98

Fly ash (class F)

(Kg / m3)

160.932 160.932 160.932 160.932 160.932

GGBS (Kg / m3) 241.39 241.39 241.39 241.39 241.39

Na OH :Na2Sio3 1 : 2 1 : 2 1 : 2 1 : 2 1 : 2

Na OH (Kg / m3) 60.35 60.35 60.35 60.35 60.35

Na2Sio3 (Kg / m3) 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7 120.7

Alkaline solution / (FA +

GGBS)

0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45 0.45

GLASS FIBER

(gm / m3)

0 240 480 720 960

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

TABLE 2

SLUMP TEST

C.C GFGPC

0%

GFGPC

0.01%

GFGPC

0.02%

GFGPC

0.03%

GRGPC

0.04%

Slump value

(mm)

80 95 80 85 85 80

Degree of workability Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium Medium

TABLE 3



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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH TEST

Test average compressive strength of GPC and GFGPS at the 7 and 28 days for ambient curing

Sample ID for GFRGPC Age of concrete Compressive strength(n/mm²)

CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE 7 DAYS 34.1

0.00% 7 DAYS 32.7

0.01% 7 DAYS 34.1

0.02% 7 DAYS 35.0

0.03% 7 DAYS 35.4

0.04% 7 DAYS 33.6

CONVENTIONAL CONCRETE 28 DAYS 44.3

0.00% 28 DAYS 47.9

0.01% 28 DAYS 50.1

0.02% 28 DAYS 51.2

0.03% 28 DAYS 52.1

0.04% 28 DAYS 48.8

Fig 1 Comparison of Compressive Strength for Conventional Concrete with different proportion

In concrete testing, compressive strength is considered to be of paramount importance. Compressive

strength of Geo polymer concrete is dependent on the alkaline activator solution used, glass fiber, mix

proportion of fly ash and GGBS in the place of cement. The test was performed under ambient curing

conditions. Results indicate that fly ash and GGBS based geo polymer concrete achieves very good compressive

strength then conventional concrete. A maximum strength was achieved at 0.04% of glass fiber and ratio of

40:60 of fly ash and GGBS proportion at 7th

day is 35.4 KN/mm² and 28th

day is 52.1 KN/mm².

34,1 32,7 34,1 35 35,4 33,6

44,3 47,91 50,1 51,2 52,1

48,8

C.C 0% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04%

N /

mm

2

% GLASS FIBER

COMPRESSION SRENGTH TEST

7 DAYS 28 DAYS



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TABLE 4

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH TEST

Test average Split tensile strength of GPC and GFGPS at the age of 28 days for ambient curing

Sample ID for GFRGPC Age of concrete SplitTensile strength(N/mm²)

CONVENTIONL CONCRETE 28 DAYS 4.43

0.00% 28 DAYS 4.3

0.01% 28 DAYS 4.59

0.02% 28 DAYS 4.88

0.03% 28 DAYS 5.09

0.04% 28 DAYS 4.48

Fig 2 Split Tensile Strength Comparison of Conventional Concrete with different proportion

In concrete testing, compressive strength is considered to be of paramount importance. Split tensile



conditions. Results indicate that fly ash and GGBS based geo polymer concrete achieves very good split tensile


40:60 of fly ash and GGBS proportion at and 28th

day is 5.09 KN/mm²

TABLE 5

FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST

Test average Flexural strength of GPC and GFGPS at the age of 28 days for ambient curing

Sample ID for

GFRGPC

Age of concrete Flexural strength(N/mm²)

CONVENTIONL

CONCRETE

28 DAYS 6.24

0.00% 28 DAYS 6.66

0.01% 28 DAYS 6.98

0.02% 28 DAYS 7.14

0.03% 28 DAYS 7.26

0.04% 28 DAYS 7.42

4,43 4,3

4,59

4,88 5,09

4,48

C.C 0% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04%

N /

mm

2

% GLASS FIBER

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

28 DAYS



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Fig 3 Flexural Strength Comparison of Conventional Concrete with different proportion

In concrete testing, compressive strength is considered to be of paramount importance. Flexural



conditions. Results indicate that fly ash and GGBS based geo polymer concrete achieves very good flexural


40:60 of fly ash and GGBS proportion at and 28th

day 7.42 KN/mm²

V. CONCLUSION

In this project, we have geo polymer concrete in which the cement is fully replaced by 40% of Fly

ash, 60% of GGBS and the Glass fiber is added to increase the strength of the concrete in proportion of

0%,0.01%, 0.02%,0.03%,0.04%. It is found that the compressive strength of the conventional concrete at the

end of 28th day is 44.3 N/mm2. Initially the compressive strength of the geo polymer concrete at 0% of glass

fiber is 47.9 N/mm2 which is higher than the conventional concrete and this maximum strength attained at

0.03% addition of glass fiber (i.e.) 52.1 N/mm2 and it decreases for further replacement of 0.04%. The Split

tensile strength of the conventional concrete at the end of 28th day is 4.43 N/mm2. Initially the Split tensile

strength of the geo polymer concrete at 0% of glass fiber is 4.3 N/mm2 which is higher than the conventional

concrete and the maximum strength attained at 0.03% addition of glass fiber (i.e.) 5.09N/mm2 and it decreases

for further replacement of 0.04%. For flexural strength the maximum strength is attained at 0.04% addition of

glass fiber (i.e.) 7.42N/mm2. It is higher then conventional concrete. Hence 0.03% addition of glass fiber is

recommended to increase the strength of the concrete.

6,24

6,66 6,98

7,14 7,26 7,42

C.C 0% 0.01% 0.02% 0.03% 0.04%

N /

mm

2

% GLASS FIBER

FLEXURAL STRENGTH

28 DAYS



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