experimental psychology arlo clark foosacfoos/courses/465/03... · yprinciple a: in planning a...
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Experimental PsychologyExperimental PsychologyArlo Clark‐Foos
There were none!
If you wanted to experiment on someone, go ahead
Ordinary laws still apply(Y t kill i t f h )(You cannot kill an innocent person for your research.)
CelsusCelsus1st century Egyptian physician
Research on criminal l i i kpopulations is ok.
Lessons?
Edward Jenner (1749‐1823)Small pox vaccine
Johann Jorg (1779‐1856)gSelf‐administration of 17 different drugs
Louis Pasteur (1822‐1895)Rabies Vaccine & Meister
Dr. Osler
Testimony before R l C i iRoyal Commission
Is morality absolute?
Josef Mengele Eduard Pernkopf
Participants had no choice to experiment or not
Question of Legality?
Need guidelines
Consent
Informed Participation
Avoid Risks
Protect Against Risks
Q lifi d P lQualified Personnel
Discontinuationsco t uat o
Laid groundwork for medical studies on humans
Not a law!
Social science research?
Ethics continue to be violated
Problems with this research?
Vulnerable Populations
Coercion
Risk
399 African American males
Problems with this research?
Informed ParticipationV l bl P l iVulnerable PopulationsCoercionRiskRiskDiscontinuation
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=‐8 6 8 8 8 & i jO S L6b L WGD & i2836209818734920853&ei=jOqwSqyyL6b0qgLssvWGDg&q=experience+de+milgram&hl=en#
Problems with this research?
Informed ParticipationRi kRisk
Live Cancer Cells
Senile Patients
Problems with this research?
Vulnerable PopulationsI f d P i i iInformed ParticipationConsentAvoid RisksAvoid Risks
Declaration of Helsinki (1964)
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects
The Belmont Report (1979)1 Respect for Persons (Autonomy)1. Respect for Persons (Autonomy)2. Beneficence3. Justice
1. Respect for Persons (Autonomy)
Immanuel KantIndividual Mental CapacityVoluntariness
ImplicationsInformed ConsentInformed ConsentPrivacyDiscontinuation
2. Beneficence
Risk : Benefit ratio
ImplicationsImplicationsMinimize RiskQualified Personnel
3. Justice
Treat People Fairly
ImplicationsImplicationsParticipant Selection
Principle A: In planning a study, the investigator has the responsibility to make a careful evaluation of its ethical acceptabilityto make a careful evaluation of its ethical acceptability.
Principle B: Considering whether a participant in a planned study will be a "subject at risk" or a "subject at minimal risk" according to
d d d f h l hj j g
recognized standards is of primary ethical concern to the investigator.
Principle C: The investigator always retains the responsibility for insuring ethical practice in researchinsuring ethical practice in research.
Principle D: Except in minimal risk research, the investigator establishes a clear and fair agreement with research participants, prior g p p , pto their participation, that clarifies the obligations and responsibilities of each.
Principle E: Methodological requirements of a study may make the use of concealment or deception necessary Before conducting such a study of concealment or deception necessary. Before conducting such a study the investigator has a special responsibility to:
Determine if deception is justified by the study's possible scientific, educational or applied valueDetermine whether alternative procedures are available that do not use Determine whether alternative procedures are available that do not use concealment or deceptionInsure that the participants are provided with sufficient explanation as soon as possible
Principle F: The experimenter respects the individual's freedom to decline to participate in or withdraw from the research at any time.
Principle G: Subjects should be informed of any risks posed by the experiment.
Principle H: After the data are collected the investigator provides participants with information about the nature of provides participants with information about the nature of the study and attempts to remove any misconceptions that may have arisen.
Principle I: Where research procedures result in undesirable consequences for the individual participant the investigator has the responsibility to detect and remove or investigator has the responsibility to detect and remove or correct these consequences.
Principle J: Information obtained about the research Principle J: Information obtained about the research participant during the course of an investigation is confidential unless otherwise agreed upon in advance.
Committee of Researchers to Evaluate Your Project
R i d!Required!
IRB ConcernsIRB ConcernsRisk : BenefitDeception?Consent FormsData & ConfidentialityQualified PersonnelQ
What is this project Any costs or jabout? payments?
Why are we doing this project?
Benefits and Risks?
How will subjects be involved?
Discontinuation
F ll U involved?
Confidentiality
Follow‐Up (Debriefing)
Confidentiality