experimental investigation of aqua · pdf file · 2017-04-17experimental...
TRANSCRIPT
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF
AQUA SILENCER M Naveen kumar#1, S Prabu#2, A Raj Kumar#3, P Boobala krishnan#4
Student
Department of mechanical engineering
KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology Arasur, Coimbatore, India.
Abstract: Diesel power inevitably finds a very
important role in the development of the plant’s
economy and technical growth. Inspite, of their high
thermal efficiency, one cannot ignore the fact about
their exhaust in the atmosphere. Due to high cost of
petrol, diesel engines are more in use and diesel
engine has more torque and pulling capacity than
petrol engine. Anticipating the use of diesel engines,
even more in the near future this system developed
can be used to control the toxic gases coming out of
the diesel engines. These toxic gases are harmful not
only to the atmosphere, but also to the human &
animal race. Objective of this project is to
experimentally investigate a simple system using
perforated tube, where the toxic levels are controlled
through chemical reaction to more agreeable level.
This system acts itself as a silencer; there is no need to
separate the silencer. The whole assembly is fitted in
the exhaust pipe; it does not give rise to any
complications in assembling it. This system is very
cost effective and more economical.
Keywords: Diesel engines, Thermal efficiency,
perforated tube, Toxic gases, Cost effective and more
economical
Introduction: Diesel engines are playing a vital role
in Road and sea transport, Agriculture, mining and
many other industries. Considering the available fuel
resources and the present technological development,
Diesel fuel is evidently indispensable. In general, the
consumption of fuel is an index for finding out the
economic strength of any country. In spite, we cannot
ignore the harmful effects of the large mass of the
burnt gases, which erodes the purity of our
environment every day. An aqua silencer is used to
control the noise and emission in IC engines. The
reason why we go for aqua silencer is, in today life the
air pollution causes physical ill effects to the human
beings and also the environment. The main
contribution of the air pollution is automobiles
releasing the gases like carbon dioxide, unburned
hydrocarbons etc. In order to avoid this type of gases
we can use aqua silencer. It is fitted to the exhaust
pipe of the engine; Sound produced under water is less
audible than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly
because of small sprockets in water molecules, which
lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. The
emission can be controlled by using the activated
charcoal layer and Lime water. Activated charcoal
layer is highly porous and posse’s extra free valences
so it has high absorption capacity along with this lime
water chemically reacts with the exhaust gases from
the engine and release much less pollution to the
environment. The noise and smoke level is
considerable less than the conventional silencer, no
need of catalytic converter and easy to install.
Design of Equipment:
Experimental investigation: As the exhaust gases
enter in to the aqua silencer, the perforated tube
converts high mass bubbles in to low mass bubbles
after that they come in to contact with lime water they
chemically react with it and pass through charcoal
layer which again purify the gases. It is highly porous
and posses extra free valences so it has high
absorption capacity. Since the charcoal layer is
covered with outer shell which is filled with water.
Sound produced under water is less audible than it
produced in atmosphere. This is mainly because of
small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its
amplitude thus, lowers the sound level hence aqua
silencer reduces noise and pollution.
Lime water wash method: The water is treated with
the calculated quantities of slaked lime. After mixing
the heavy precipitates settle down as sludge at the
bottom of the tank are removed from time to time.
Lime can neutralize any acid present in the water. SO2,
gases are removed from the flue gases forming
calcium sulphate. The precipitates dissolved carbon
dioxide as calcium carbonate and converts bicarbonate
ions into carbonates.
Precipitates bicarbonate as calcium carbonate
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + 2H2O
Precipitates bicarbonate as calcium carbonate
Ca(HCO3)2 + 2Ca(OH)2 → 2CaCO3 + 2H2O
Converts bicarbonate ions (Like NaHCO3, KHCO3
etc.) into carbonates.
NaHCO3 + Ca(OH)2 → CaCO3 + H20 + Na2 CO3
Absorption Process: Activated charcoal is available in
granular or powdered form. As it is highly porous and
possess free valences. So it posses high absorption
capacity. Activated carbon is more widely used for the
removal of taste and odorous from the public water
supplies Because it has excellent properties of
attracting gases, finely divided solid particles and
phenol type impurities, the activated carbon, usually in
the powdered form is added to the water either before
or after the coagulation with sedimentation.
Results and discussion: The emission test was taken
in four stroke diesel engine. Initially the experiment
setup was made and the experiment is done. First our
aqua silencer is connected to the engine exhaust and
engine is started with proper cooling. The readings are
taken in emission testing machine with engine exhaust
silencer and also with aqua silencer.
Conventional Silencer Readings
Aqua Silencer Readings
Conclusion: The aqua silencer is more effective in the
reduction of emission gases from the engine exhaust
gas using perforated tube. We can control the exhaust
emission to a greater level. The water contamination
is found to be negligible in aqua silencer, because the
amount of acidity level in aqua silencer is expected to
be below the dangerous acidity. i.e. 250mg/lit. It is
smokeless and pollution free emission and also very
cheap. The aqua silencer’s performance is better than
the conventional silencer.
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CO [% vol] 0.03
HC hexane [ppm vol] 38
CO2 [% vol] 1.10
O2 [% vol] 18.99
Lambda [-] 6.773
Lambda constant Hcv [-] 0.0000
Lambda constant Ocv [-] 0.0000
NO [ppm vol] 55
CO [% vol] 0.06
HC hexane [ppm vol] 41
CO2 [% vol] 2.40
O2 [% vol] 17.42
Lambda [-] 7.989
Lambda constant Hcv [-] 0.0000
Lambda constant Ocv [-] 0.0000
NO [ppm vol] 119
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