Experimental Heat Transfer,Fluid Mechanics,

andThermodynamics1988

Proceedings of the First World Conference on

Experimental Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics, and Thermodynamicsheld September 4-9,1988, in Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia

Editors

R.K. Shah E.N. GanicHarrison Radiator Division Faculty of Mechanical EngineeringGeneral Motors Corporation University of Sarajevo

Lockport, New York, USA Sarajevo, Yugoslavia

K.T.YangDepartment of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering

University of Notre Dame

Notre Dame, Indiana, USA

ElsevierNew York • Amsterdam • London

Contents

Preface xvii

Conference Scientific Committee xix

Plenary andKeynote Lectures

The Role of Experimentation in Thermo-FIuid

Sciences 1

A.E. Bergles

Experimental Methods in Heat Transfer 13

RJ. Moffat

Optical Techniques for Fluid Flow and HeatTransfer 32

F. Durst

Microsensors for Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

Measurements 50

K.S. Udell, A.P. Pisano, R.T. Howe,R.M. White, and R.S. Muller

A Review of Recent Advances in Multiphase FlowMeasurements and Methods 59

C.W. Snoek

Towards Full Field Measurements of Instantaneous

Visualizations of Coherent Structures in Turbulent

Shear Flows 72

L. Economikos, C. Shoemaker, K. Russ,R.S. Brodkey, and D. Jones

Visualization of Thermal Behavior of Fluid by Laser

Holographic Interferometry 84

Y. Kurosaki and T. Kashiwagi

Measurement of Thermophysical Propertiesof Fluids 104

R. Tufeu

Thermophysical Property Measurements Near the

Critical Point 123

P. Jany

Acoustics and Experimental Methods: The Influence ofSound on Flow and Heat Transfer 141

M.C. Welsh, K. Hourigan, L.W. Welch,RJ. Downie, M.C. Thompson, and A.N. Stokes

External Natural Convection

Invited Lecture: Direct Measurement of GaseousNatural Convective Heat Fluxes 160K.G.T. Hollands

Velocity and Temperature Measurements in a Natural

Convection Boundary Layer Along a VerticalFlat Plate 169

T. Tsuji and Y. Nagano

An Experimental Study on Natural Convective HeatTransfer from a Vertical Wavy Surface Heated at

Convex/Concave Elements 177

K. Kishinami, H. Saito, and I. Tokura

An Experimental Study of Transient Transport Near a

Heated Horizontal Surface 185

D.J. Kukulka and J.C. Mollendorf

Free Convective Heat Transfer from Short Inclined

Cylinders 193

P.H. Oosthuizen and J.T. Paul

Mixed Convective Heat Transfer from InclinedCircular Cylinders 200

P.H. Oosthuizen and A.M. Birk

Laminar Natural Convective Heat Transfer OverTwo Vertically Spaced Isothermal Horizontal

Cylinders 208

E. Paykoc, H. Yiincu, and M. Bezzazoglu

v

Estimation ofMass Transfer Coefficients from Heat

Transfer Data for the Prediction of Leaf DryingRates 217

P.C. Lobo

Experimental Investigation of the Combined

Convection in an Isothermal Opened Cubic

Cavity 224

M.D. Pavlovic and F. Penot

Wake Flows

Invited Lecture: Governing Equations, Experiments,and the Experimentalist 230

W.K. George

Scalar Transport at High Schmidt Numbers in the Near

Wake of a Circular Cylinder 241

E.G. Kastrinakis and S.G. Nychas

Flow Visualization Studies in the Wakes of Single and

Binary Sphere Systems 249

K. Nandakumar, B.H.L. Gowda, and R. Natarajan

Boundary Layer Flow Around One or More SpheresPlaced on a Plane Surface 257

M.C.G. Silva and D.X. Viegas

Observations in the Laminar Wake of a Thin Flat Plate

with a Blunt Trailing Edge 264

H. Eisenlohr and H. Eckelmann

Some Results from the Calibration and Use of a Three-

Wire Probe in a Highly Stratified Wake 269

T.F. Tureaud, A.A. Szewczyk, V.W. Nee, and K.T. Yang

Experimental Investigation of Large TemperatureDifference Effects on a Turbulent Wake 274

T.F. Tureaud, A.A. Szewczyk, V.W. Nee, and K.T. Yang

Liquid Metal Systems

Temperature Compensated Miniature Permanent

Magnet Flowmeter for Liquid Metal 279

S. Horanyi and L. Krebs

Velocity Meter for Local Measurements in LiquidMetals 286

V. Casal, G. Arnold, R. Kirchner, H. Kussmaul, H. Miller,and W. Hame

Techniques for Determination of Temperature and

Flow Distribution in a Sodium-Cooled 37-Pin

Bundle 294

H. Fierz, T. von Weissenfluh, K. Behringer,B. Sigg, and T. Kondo

Experimental Investigations of TemperatureDistributions and Temperature Fluctuations in the

Subchannels of the Sodium Cooled Four-Rod Bundle

TEGENA2 302

R. Moeller

Experimental Studies of Liquid Metal Two-Phase

Flows in Vertical Pipes 312

A. El-Boher, S. Lesin, Y. Unger, and

H. Branover

Two-Phase Two-Component Flows

Invited Lecture: Experimental Activities for Nuclear

Safety and Plants Improvement in Italy 320

M. Cumo

Air-Water Flooding Experiments in Vertical Round

Channels with Obstructions 333

G.P. Celata, M. Cumo, G.E. Farello,and T. Setaro

Flow Pattern Identification for Gas-LiquidTwo-Phase Flow in a Pipe Using Differential Pressure

Fluctuations 340

G. Matsui

Measurements in Vertical Gas Liquid Two-Phase Flows

Using an Optical Fiber Probe 348

K. Spindler, M. Bierer, G. Lorenz, A. Erhard, and

E. Hahne

Bubble Rise in Tapered Tubes 358

T. Maxworthy

Heat Transfer During Drop Formation and Release in a

Liquid-Liquid Two-Phase System 363

J. Maddren and E. Marschall

Hot-Film Probe Studies of Kerosene/Water and

Gas/Liquid Flows 371

H.H. Bruun and B. Farrar

Thermal Radiation and Insulation Systems

Multilayer Thermal Insulation Tests 380M.B.H. Mantelli

vi

Effective Thermal Conductivity of Reflective

Multiplate Thermal Insulation 386B. Prahlad, R.D. Kale, K.V.C. Rao, and

V.M.K. Sastri

An Electrical Compensated Pyranometer with PlaneSensors 392

L.C. Lima and P.C. Lobo

Heat Transfer During Flow of Optically Active Medium

Inside Tube of Diffuse Grey Surface 397

J. Stasiek, J. Mikielewicz, and A. Jedruch

Radiation Heat Transfer in Open System Filled withIsothermal Optical Medium 405

J. Stasiek

Natural Convection in Channels

Experimental Investigation on Natural Convection in

Channel by Laser Speckle Photography 412

Z.Y. Guo, Y.Z. Song, and X.W. Zhao

Experimental Investigation on the Edge Effect of

Natural Convection Between Two Vertical

Plates 419

Z.X. Li, Y.W. Gui, and Z.Y. Guo

Holographic Interferometry Measurementsof the Three-Dimensional Temperature Field with

Thermally Developing Flow in the Measuring-BeamDirection 425

S. Kato and N. Maruyama

Developing Natural Convective Flow in Vertical and

Inclined Isothermal Ducts —An Interferometric

Study 433

M.L.C. Papple and J.D. Tarasuk

An Experimental Study ofFree Convection Heat

Transfer from Horizontal Elliptical Tubes in a Vertical

Array Between Parallel Walls 441

J.B. Yang, B.W. Wei, Y.X. Zhao, and G. Chen

Studies of Separation, Reattachment, and Local Mass

Transfer Over a Backward-Facing Step or a

Rectangular Cavity 461

S.Y. Ko, J. Zhong, Y.Q. Yao, J.Z. Xu, W. Aung,and F.K. Tsou

Flow Visualization ofthe Separated-Flow Upstream of

a Horizontal-Thin-Plate Weir 469

S.P. Psychoudaki and P. Sutton

The Determination of Ensemble Average Flow

Velocities of Perturbed, Separating Flow Around a

Bluff Body Using LDA 476

L.W.Welch

A Flying Hot-Wire Probe System for Measurements in

Separated Flow 482

H.H. Bruun, A.A.R. Jaju, H.H. Al-Kayiem,and M.A. Khan

Turbulence in Shallow Recirculating Flows 490

S. Babarutsi, J. Ganoulis, and V.H. Chu

Usage ofa Laser Anemometer for Measurements in

Compound Structure Flows 498

A.A. Khalatov and A.A. Dolinsky

Heat Transfer Augmentation

Effectiveness of Wire-Coil Inserts in Augmentation of

Convective Heat Transfer 502

R.C. Prasad and MJ. Brown

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Characteristics of

Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube Fitted with RegularlySpaced Twisted-Tape Elements 511

S.K. Saha, U.N. Gaitonde, and A.W. Date

Flow Visualization and Heat Transfer Experiment in a

Duct with an Insertion of a Staggered Array of

Cylinders 519

M. Yao, M. Nakatani, and K. Suzuki

Measurement of Swirling Flow in a Cluster of HelicallyRibbed Pins in an Air-Rig 527

J.C. Bell and M. Watson

On the Convective Heat Transfer in PulsatingTurbulent Pipe Flow 536

N.S. Liao and C.C. Wang

Experimental Investigation ofTurbulent HeatTransfer in Simultaneously Developing Flow in Finned

Annuli 543

RJ. Edwards, K. Jambunathan, and B.L. Button

Separated and Recirculating Flowswith Heat Transfer

Invited Lecture: The Naphthalene Sublimation

Technique 446

P.R. Souza Mendes

vii

Pool Boiling

Invited Lecture: Film Boiling Crisis on a SubmergedHeating Surface 551

V.V. Klimenko and S.Yu. Snytin

Boiling Heat Transfer from a Vertical Wall Subjectedto an Inclined Wall Attachment 564

M.C. Chyu and J. Fei

Unusual Transition Boiling Heat Transfer on a Silicon

Coated Surface 571

K. Torikai, K. Suzuki, T. Kaneko, and

M. Takeuchi

Internal Characteristics of the Process at Liquid Non-

Steady Boiling with Deep Subcooling 579

V.N. Serebryansky and S.G. Bondarenko

Effect of Wire Meshes on Boiling Heat Transfer from a

Plane Heating Surface 587

H. Yamaguchi and D.D. James

The Method of Investigating Vapour Film in

Boiling 595

M. Poniewski and B. Staniszewski

Fire Phenomena and Heat Transferin Reacting Systems

Invited Lecture: Applications of Digital ImageProcessing in Turbulent Motion 599

J.F. Keffer

Experimental Investigation of LPG Heat Transfer and

Pool Fire Characteristics 608

A. Khalil, H. Khater, and M.M. Kamel

Guidelines for Correlating the Rich FlammabilityLimits of Gaseous Fuel Mixtures Including Those

Containing Some Diluents in Air 614

I. Wierzba and G.A. Karim

Turbulent Diffusion of Fuel Gas Jet Without

Flames 619

A. Saima and M. Higaki

Fluid Dynamic Structures in Jet Diffusion Flames:Acoustic Effects 627

A. Cabelli, I.G. Pearson, I.C. Shepherd, and N.B. Hamilton

Pulsed Combustion Measurements 632

L.A. Kennedy and M.T.J. Yip

Chemical Reaction Heat Generating System:Performance Analysis of an Oil Pipeline Under FlowConditions 638

C.N. Khalil, J.E.V. Gerk, and A.F. Orlando

Heat Transfer and Flow in Porous Media

and Non-Newtonian Fluids

Invited Lecture: High Temperature Heat and Mass

Transfer in Porous Media 645

R. Echigo and H. Yoshida

Characteristics of Fissure Formation in CokingProcess 653

J. Fukai, K. Suzuki, T. Miura, and S. Ohtani

Enhancement of the Heat Transfer of Wide

Temperature Range in a Narrow Flow Passage (Effects

of Porous-Type Turbulence Promoters in Normal

Temperature Range) 659

K. Ichimiya and K. Mitsushiro

Heat and Mass Transfer to Agitated Power LawFluids 665

B.N. Rai, P. Lai, and S.N. Upadhyay

Augmentation of Heat Transfer to Laminar Flow of

Non-Newtonian Fluids in Uniformly Heated Tubes with

Twisted-Tape Inserts 676

R.M. Manglik, A.E. Bergles, and S.D. Joshi

Evaluation of the Rheological Behaviour, EquivalentDiameter, and Friction Loss Equations of DrillingFluids in Annular Flow Conditions 685

M.G.P. Silva and A.L. Martins

Drag Reduction on Fly Ash Slurries in a SpiralTube 693

K. Watanabe, T. Kamoshida, and H. Kato

Natural Convection in Enclosures

Successive Transitions in Thermal Convection Within a

Vertical Enclosure 701

A. Chikhaoui, J.F. Marcillat, and R.L. Sani

Natural Convection in an Externally Heated Vertical

Rectangular Enclosure Containing Internal EnergySources 709

H.S.WangandQJ.Wang

Boundary Layer Stability Along a Vertical Hot Wall

in an Enclosure at High Rayleigh Number (Ra > lO1^):An Experimental Study by HolographicInterferometry 715

S. Ayat, J.L. Breton, C. Durou, M. Fonquernie, and

J.Y. Grandpeix

Three Dimensional Structures in Laminar NaturalConvection in a Cube Shaped Enclosure 722

W.J. Hiller, S. Koch, and T.A. Kowalewski

viii

Full Field Flow Visualization and Analysis: Convectionin Partly Filled Horizontal Cylinders 730K.R Sollows, N.U. Aydemir,G.V. Hadjisophocleous, C. Dutcher,J.E.S. Venart, and A.C.M. Sousa

Magnetohydrodynamics

Invited Lecture: Experimental Studies in Liquid MetalMagnetohydrodynamics 737H. Branover

The Shape ofa Liquid Metal RivuletUnder a Nonuniform Transverse Magnetic Field 749S. Oshima and R. Yamane

Thermal and Fluid Dynamical Performances of ClosedCycle MHD Power Generation Experimental FacilityFUJI-1 757

K. Yoshikawa, H. Yamasaki, S. Kabashima,N. Harada, S. Shioda, H. Hasegawa, T. Yokota,M. Ishimura, K. Matsutani, and T. Sasaki

Heat Transfer Characteristics in the Film CoolingCeramic Wall of a CombustionMHD DrivenGenerator 765

T. Okuo and Y. Aoki

High Speed Measurement ofMHD Plasma:

Elucidating the MHD Turbulent Flow 773Y. Aoki, H. Kitagawa, S. Yatsu, S. Oikawa,N. Kayukawa, H. Yamazaki, and Y. Ozawa

Self-Excitation of Induction and Conduction LiquidMetal MHD Generators 779

Ph. Marty and A. Alemany

The Structure of the Up and Downstream Wakes of a

Cylinder at Low Magnetic Reynolds Number 785

J. Lahjomri, Ph. Caperan, and A. Alemany

Internal Turbulent Flows

Invited Lecture: Turbulence in Multiphase Flows 793

J. Bataille and M. Lance

Secondary-Flow of the Second Kind in RectangularDucts with One Rough Wall 800

H. Fujita, H. Yokosawa, and M. Hirota

Turbulent Forced Convection in a Pipe with an

Exponential Wall Heat Flux 808

B.P. Axcell, D.A. Tonge, and T. Jemsson

Methodical Problems of Studying Unsteady Convective

Heat Transfer and Turbulent Flow Structure inChannels and Closed Volumes and Development of theAppropriate Experimental Set-Upsand MeasuringSystems 816

G.A. Dreitser, A.S. Neverov, A.S. Myakochin,V.F. Chetyrin, V.V. Balashov, P.M. Markovsky, and

I.L. Maloletov

Static Pressure and Wall Shear Stress Distributions inAir Flow in a Seven Wire-Wrapped Rod Bundle 824

E.F. Fernandez and P. Carajilescov

Turbulent Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in an

Internally Finned Triangular Duct 831S.L. Braga and F.E.M. Saboya

Drop Size and Jet Expansion Measurements in

Two-Phase Flow Systems

Measurement of Droplet Size and Speed in DispersedFlow Film Boiling 838

K.W. McMinn, W.H. Tee, and M.K. Denham

Analysis of the Effect of Dispersed Phase Mixing on

Drop Size Distribution in a CFSTR 843

M. Stamatovic, M. Mitrovic, and Lj^ Pavlovic

Single- and Double-Pulsed Holography for theCharacterization of Sprays of Refrigerant R113Injected into its Own Saturated Vapor 848A. Chavez and F. Mayinger

An Improved Photochromic Flow Visualization

Technique 856

T. McWaid and E. Marschall

Experimental Investigation of the Fluid Dynamics of aGas Jet Expansion in a Liquid Pool 864L. Meyer and M. Kirstahler

IVA2 Verification: Expansion Phase Experiment in

SNR Geometry 872

NJ. Kolev

Forced Convection in

High-Temperature Systems

Invited Lecture: Thermophysical Principles of CooledLaser Optics Based on New-Type PenetrableStructures 882

V.V. Apollonov, N.N. Zubkov, V.N. Motorin,V.N.Kharchenko, A.M. Prokhorov, and S.A. Chetkin

ix

Diode Laser Temperature Measurements and

Calculations in Nonisothermal Channel Air

Flows 893

A. Soufiani, J. Taine, and P. Mignon

Effect of Graphite Deposition on Heat Transfer in

High-Temperature Helium

Flow 901

A.A. Ots and H.A. Kaar

Properties of a Rarefied High Temperature NitrogenGas Flow 907

P. Lasgorceix, C. Danton, M.A. Dudeck,

and J.P. Caressa

Heat Transfer in a Polarized Probe Placed in a HighTemperature Rarefied Gas Flow 911

N. Gastli and M.A. Dudeck

Dynamic Measurements of Steady Temperature of Gas

with the Use of Thermocouples with a Bare Hot

Junction and with Radiation Heat Transfer 916

S. Wisniewski

RecentDevelopmentsin Heat Transfer

Invited Lecture: Measurement of Temperature Fields

by Holographic Tomography 922

D. Mewes

A Microscopic Experiment on Energy Exchange of an

Incident Argon Stream with a Heated Ceramic Surface

Using the Molecular-Beam Mass-SpectrometerTechnique 935

S. Kato and T. Fujimoto

Heat Transfer Augmentation Induced by ElectricallyGenerated Convection in

Liquids 941

A.T. Perez, P. Atten, B. Malraison, L. Elouadie, and

F.M.J. McCluskey

Effect of Marangoni Convection on the TemperatureProfiles of Free Surface Subject to a NonuniformRadiation Heating 948

Y. Kurosaki, I. Satoh, T. Horiuchi, and T. Kashiwagi

An Optical Method of Measuring the Heat

Conductivity of Opaque Materials — Theoretical

Background 956

E.T. Brook-Levinson, A. Deloff, K. Jaworska, K. Mus,and Z. Plochocki

Heat Transfer with Fluid-Solid Phase Change

Frost Growth and Heat Transfer for a Row of Vertical

Cylindrical Tubes Located Outdoors — General

Trends 963

P.F. Monaghan, F. Grealish, and P.H. Oosthuizen

Frost Formation and Defrosting of Tube-ArrayEvaporators in a Fluidized Bed and an ImpingingJet 973

T. Aihara, H. Gakumasawa, S. Maruyama, and M. Hongoh

Ice-Accretion Characteristics Along a Circular

Cylinder Immersed in Cold Air Stream with

Seawater Spray 981

F. Fukusako, A. Horibe, and M. Tago

An Experimental Study of Ball Formation Processes

with Aluminum and Copper 989

LM. Cohen, K. Ramakrishna, and P.S. Ayyaswamy

Gas Turbine Flow andHeat Transfer

Invited Lecture: Advances in Gas Turbine Heat

Transfer 998

S.Y.KoandKK.Tsou

An Experimental Heat Transfer Study of a Gas Turbine

Nozzle Guide Vane Cascade 1011

V. Krishnamoorthy and B.R. Pai

Testing of Water-Cooled Nozzle for High TemperatureGas Turbine 1019

Y. Fukuyama and T. Araki

Heat Transfer Measurement on the Casing Wall

Surface Opposite to Turbine Blade Row 1027

M. Kumada, Y. Asao, M. Obata, and K. Funazaki

Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Return-Flow Steam-

Cooled Gas Turbine Blade 1033

M. Obata, J. Yamaga, and H. Taniguchi

Effect of Weak Swirling Flow on the Heat Transfer

Process Over a Film-Cooled Surface 1041

C. Gau and T.L. Kung

Condensation

Invited Lecture: Film Condensation Heat Transfer

Measurements on Horizontal Tubes: Problems and

Progress 1049

PJ. Marto

x

Condensation Heat Transfer in a Rotating Horizontal

Cylinder with a Scraper 1061

K. Futagami, J. Ikeda, K. Ohhira, Y. Aoyama, and

K. Mizukami

Condensation ofRefrigerants R-ll and R-113 inHorizontal Annuli with an Enhanced Inner

Tube 1069

H. Honda, S. Nozu, Y. Matsuoka, T. Aoyama, andH.Nakata

Condensation out of Steam-Air Mixtures in a

Horizontal Annular-Flow Channel 1077

G. Nolte and R Mayinger

Motion of a Condensing Bubble 1085

A. Ullmann and R. Letan

Calibration and Experimentation in a Controlled Wet

Steam Environment 1090

A. Motamed-Amini, J.K. Alkhafaji, and I. Owen

Experimental Results Concerning Liquid Velocity Fieldin Condenser Head and Gas-Liquid Separator in Two-

Phase Pump 1096

A. Calabro and S. Giammartini

Stability and Decompression in

Two-Phase Systems

Invited Lecture: Experiments and Modeling of

Choked Flow 1105

M. Giot

An Experimental Study on Hydrodynamic Stabilityof Low Quality Two-Phase Flow with Natural

Circulation 1120

S.R. Wu, M.S. Yao, D.Z. Wang, K. Hofer, and

E. Knoglinger

Dimensional Analysis of Integral Equations and

Experimental Data Correlation for Flow Instability in a

Vertical U-Tube Evaporator 1128

R.C. Yang, Z.Q. Lu, and J.K. Feng

The Experimental Thermolrydraulics of

Externally Heated Pressure-Liquefied Gas Tanks 1136

U.K. Sumathipala, JJE.S. Venart, F.R. Steward,

A.C.M. Sousa, and C Dutcher

The Visual Method of Investigating Droplet

Oscillations in Film Boiling 1143

M. Poniewski and B. Staniszewski

Using Orifices to Measure Mass Flows or Steam

Qualities of High Pressure Steam-Water

Mixtures 1150

Y.Q. Liu, T.K. Chen, and X.J. Chen

Internal Laminar Flows

Invited Lecture: Hydrodynamic Flow Visualization byan Electrochemical Method 1156

M.M. Jaksic and VP. Komnenic

Experimental Study ofUnsteady Laminar Forced

Convection in Ducts for Timewise Varying Inlet

Temperature 1177

S. Kaka9, Y. Ding, and W. Li

Measurements on Developing Laminar Flow in a

Curved Rectangular Duct by Means ofLDV 1185

S. Sugiyama, T. Aoi, M. Yamamoto, N. Narisawa, and Y.

Miyake

Numerical Experiment ofLaminar Flow in Curved

Ducts of Rectangular Cross-Section 1192

Y. Miyake, T. Kajishima, and T. Inaba

Oscillatory Viscous Flow in a Wavy-WalledChannel 1200

T. Nishimura, S. Arakawa, S. Murakami, and Y.

Kawamura

Flow Through Constrictions of Different

Geometries 1207

B.H. Lakshmana Gowda, B. Prakash, and M. Singh

External Turbulent Flows

The Recovery Length of the Turbulent Boundary LayerBehind an Isolated Spherical Roughness Element

Under Variable Pressure Gradient 1214

K. Albayrak and O.T. Goksel

Convective Heat Transfer from Surface Mounted Bluff

Bodies: A Model Study 1221

D.A. Quintela, A.R. Janeiro Borges, and F. Penot

An Experimental Study of Forced Cooling Over Heated

Rectangular Blocks 1228

H.T. Than and Y. Bayazitoglu

An Experimental Study of Coherent Structures in a

Wind Induced Turbulent Shear Flow Using a Beam-

Scanning-Type LDV 1235

T. Kobayashi, Y. Fukunishi, and M. Hino

xi

An Experimental and Theoretical Analysis of

Propeller-Wing-Body Interference for a Twin-EnginedLow Speed Pusher Aircraft Configuration 1242

M.G. Maunsell and G.M. Lilley

Azimuthal Velocity Distribution in the Wake of a

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Rotor 1252

A. Papaconstantinou and G. Bergeles

Measurements ofThermophysical Properties

Measurement of Effective Thermal Conductivity of

Solids in the Process of Chemical Reaction 1258

H. Matsuda and M. Hasatani

A Comparative Capillary Tube Viscometer to Measure

the Viscous Properties ofNewtonian and Power Law

Fluids 1266

T. Yamasaki and T.F. Irvine, Jr.

Excess Enthalpies of Mixing of SystemsIsopropylbenzene + Methanol and Isopropylbenzene +

n-Propanol 1273

V.K. Rattan and K.S.N. Raju

Simultaneous Estimation of Thermophysical Propertiesby Periodic Heating Method of Hot Wire 1279

J. Fukai, Y. Simizu, T. Miura, and S. Ohtani

Direct Concentration Measurement with Two

Conductivity Probes 1286

P.C. Yannopoulos and G. Noutsopoulos

Fluidized Beds

Invited Lecture: Heat Transfer, Pressure Loss, and

Defrosting Performance of Very Shallow Fluidized-Bed

Heat Exchangers 1291

T. Aihara

Characteristics of Dynamic Behavior and Local Heat

Transfer Around Single Row Tubes Immersed in

Floating Particles 1302

M. Kumada, I. Mabuchi, S. Kume, Y. Watanabe, and

M. Hirata

On the Fluctuation Motions Due to Surface Waves in

Gas Fluidized Beds 1310

J.G. Sun, M.M. Chen, and B.T. Chao

The Flow of Solid Particles in a Horizontal Fluidized

Bed Channel 1319

L. Przybylski

Heat Transfer Processes Enhancement and Control

with the Electrodynamic Fluidization 1324

M.K. Bologa, A.B. Berkov, and VL. Solomyanchuk

Gas-Solid and Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Flows

A Continuous Gas-Solid Two-Phase Horizontal PipeFlow Facility 1332

T.E. Base and Y. Liu

Gas-Solid Two-Phase Flow Patterns, Pressure Drop,and Void Distribution in an Inclined Flow Tube 1338

K. Brodowicz, J.S. Chang, B. Donevski, I. Sekovanic, andW.Tofluk

Measurements of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Gravity-Driven Particulate Solid Flows 1343

M.M. Al-Sharif and E.G. Keshock

Volumetric Fraction of Solid Phase and Particle

Velocity of Liquid-Solid Two-Phase Flow in Vertical

Pipes 1353

T. Sakaguchi, H. Minagawa, H. Shakutsui, K. Sahara,T. Saibe, K. Hashimoto, and L. Dang

Heat Exchangers

Experimental Validation of Numerical Studies for

Shell and Tubes Heat Exchangers with or without

Leakage 1361

J.L. Grange and G. Brugeille

Performance Testing and Trouble-Shooting on LargeProcess Heat Exchangers 1366

RJ. Berryman

Evaluating the Results of the Single-Blow Transient

Heat Exchanger Test 1375

R.I. Loehrke

Enhancement of Heat Transfer in Rotary HeatExchangers 1379

B. Sunden and I. Karlsson

An Experimental Study of the Local Heat Transfer

Coefficients in Automotive Louvered Fins 1386

H. Aoki, T. Shinagawa, and K. Suga

Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Measurements on

Tube and Fin Heat Exchangers 1393

M. Hudina and A. Sommer

xii

Variation of Surface Heat Transfer Coefficients Around

the Circle of a Helically Welded L-Type SegmentedFinned Tube 1401

N. Zhuo, J.Q. Sun, Q.L. Ma, and R.Y. Li

Two-Phase Film Boiling Flows

Invited Lecture: Heat Transfer and the Low Limit ofFilm Boiling 1404

I. Michiyoshi, O. Takahashi, and Y. Kikuchi

Invited Lecture: Low Quality Transition and Inverted

Annular Flow Film Boiling of Water: An UpdatedReview 1416

K.Johannsen

A Study of Flow Pattern, Heat Transfer, and Pressure

Drop in Region from Inverted Annular Flow to

Dispersed Flow in a Horizontal Tube 1430

K. Akagawa, N. Takenaka, T. Fujii, K. Nishida,Y. Kikuchi, and A. Shibata

Experimental and Analytical Study ofInverted

Annular Film Boiling with Forced Flow Water 1438

Y.Z. Chen, X.Y. Fu, and S.P. Chen

Turbulent Film Boiling of Saturated Liquid Flowingwith High Velocity in a Circular Tube 1444

B.X. Wang and X.F. Peng

The Use of Simultaneous Gamma Densitometry and

Surface Temperature Measurements for

Characterizing Quench Front Propagation During the

Refilling and Rewetting of Hot Horizontal Tubes 1451

A. Abdul-Razzak, M. Shoukri, and A.M.C. Chan

Two-Phase Dispersed Flows

Enhancement of Heat Transfer Due to Bubbles Passing

Through a Narrow Vertical RectangularChannel 1459

M. Monde and H. Kusuda

A New Method for Predicting the Pressure Drop in a

Subcooled Boiling Channel 1466

S.L. Lu and D.N. Jia

A Full-Core Test Method for ExperimentalDetermination of Convective-Boiling Heat Transfer

Coefficients in Tubes of Cross-Flow Compact

Evaporators 1473

TJ. Marseille, V.P. Carey, and S.L. Estergreen

Experimental and Analytical Investigation of DispersedFlow Heat Transfer in Tubes or Rod Bundles 1481

H. Kianjah and V.K. Dhir

The Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer

Intensification with the Nonuniform Megawatt Heat

Flux 1491

Y.A. Kuzma-Kichta, A.S. Komendantov, and L.T. Vasil'eva

Comparison of Rod-Bundle and Single-Tube Critical

Heat Flux Data 1496

A. Blumenkrantz

Jet Instability, Transition, and Turbulence Structure

Three-Dimensional Velocity Measurement in a

Turbulent Jet by Digital Image Processing 1502

N. Kasagi, N. Ninomiya, and M. Hirata

The Near-Field Behaviour of Rectangular Free Jets:

An Experimental and Numerical Study 1510

A. Pollard and R.R. Schwab

Visualized Mechanism of Laminar-Turbulent

Transition of a Two-Dimensional Parabolic Jet 1518

H. Sato

Coaxial Jets of Different Mean Velocity Ratios 1522

H. Au and N.W.M. Ko

Initial Region of Two Dimensional Parallel Jets with

Centerbody 1526

N.W.M. Ko and K.K. Lau

Heat Transfer in Engines, Burners, and Rockets

Experimental Study of a New Compound CoolingMethod for Internal Combustion Engines — Oil-

Cooled Engines with Internal Cooling 1531

Z.C. Lee, CJ. Feng, Y.C. Zhang, Z.Y. Wei, D.S. Zhou, and

CF.Ma

Calculations and Measurements in the Cylinder ofa

Two-Stroke Uniflow-Scavenge Engine Under SteadyFlow Conditions 1539

E. Sher, I. Hossain, Q. Zhang, and D.E. Winterbone

An Isothermal Study of the Aerodynamics of the Flow

Issuing from a Variable-Swirl Burner 1548

S.A. Beltagui, R.N. Fuggle, and T. Ralston

xiii

Effect of the Injection ofInert Gases into Solid Fueled

Rocket Motors: Thrust Level Control 1556

F. Fachini-Filho, W. Gill, and D. Bastos-Netto

Improvement Possibilities of Fuel Atomization by a

Diesel Injector at Low Flow Rate 1562

C.H. To, T. Krepec, and AJ. Saber

Axisymmetric and Rotating Flows

Invited Lecture: Experimental Investigation of

Acoustic Resonances in Turbomachinery 1570

R. Parker

Thin Liquid Film Flow on a Rotating Disk 1579

T. Azuma, M. Nunobe, and R. Fujino

Self-Sustained Flow Oscillations and Heat Transfer in

Radial Flow Through Co-Rotating Parallel

Disks 1587

S. Mochizuki and T. Inoue

Heat Transfer in a Vertical Rotating Annulus 1594

K.S. Ball, B. Farouk, and V.C. Dixit

Pressure Distribution Along Valve Reeds of Hermetic

Compressors 1604

R.T.S. Ferreira, CJ. Deschamps, and A.T. Prata

Measurements in Single-Component Two-Phase Flows

Experimental Investigation of Boiling FlowCharacteristics ofPure Refrigerants in a Horizontal

Tube 1611

M. El-Sallak, S.M. Morcos, and A. Mobarak

A Parametric Study of Saturated Flow Boiling HeatTransfer Inside Horizontal and Vertical Tubes 1618

S.G. Kandlikar

Measurement of Microlayer Thickness During Boilingin Vertical Slot Channels 1627

M.D. Diev, A.I. Leontiev, and B.M. Mironov

Correlation of Local Crossflow Boiling Heat Transfer

Coefficients in a Horizontal Tube Bundle 1634

J.T. Hsu, G. Kocamustafaogullari, and M.K. Jensen

Experimental Determination of Average Void Fraction

and Its Distribution by Means of a Three Beam

Gammadensitometer 1642

G. Cattadori, G. Franzoni, M. Pezzani, M. Annunziato, andS. Gianmartini

An Investigation of Gas-Liquid Two-Phase SecondaryFlow in Helical Coils 1649

XJ. Chen and F.D. Zhou

Heat Pipes and Thermosyphons

Invited Lecture: Use of Optical Methods for Study of

the Dynamic Behavior of Heat Pipes 1656

I. Catton, F. Issacci, and A. Heiss

Stratified Hot Water Storage Employing a Heat PipeHeat Exchanger 1662

S. Rosier, M. Groll, and H. de Beijer

Enhancement of Heat Transfer Inside Closed

Two-Phase Thermosyphons Employing Flow

Separators 1667

S. Rosier, M. Groll, and O. Brost

Swirl-Flow Internal Thermosyphon BoilingDevice 1674

H.T. Huang, G.W. Liu, and A. Sun

Turbulence Measurements

Invited Lecture: Turbulent Heat and Momentum

Transport in Boundary Layers Under Strong Pressure

Gradient Conditions: Analysis of Experimental Data

and Numerical Prediction 1682

E.V. Shishov

Unified Method of Data Processing ofArbitraryShaped Triple Hot-Wire Probe and Its Application to

Non-Orthogonal Probes 1691

H. Shimizu and S. Masuda

A Hot-Wire/Film Probe Method for the Measurement

of Turbulent Stresses and Heat Fluxes in Non-

Isothermal Highly Three-Dimensional Flows 1698S.A. SherifandR.H. Pleteher

Experimental Observations of Turbulent Flow ThroughWall Subchannels of Rod Bundles 1705

K. Rehme

The Structure of Turbulent Flow in Finite Rod

Bundles 1712

J. Hejna and F. Mantlik

Wall Shear Stress Measurement — A Comparison of

the Directional Response of the Preston, Stanton, andWall Block Probes 1720

J.D. Hooper and R. Irrgang

xiv

The Best Method ofDetermining Wall Stresses in Two-

Dimensional Turbulent Boundary Layer and ChannelFlows and the Significant Differences in These TwoFlow Species 1726

G. Zarbi

Measurements in Prototype Heat Transfer Systems

Experimental Analysis of a Low-Speed HeatEngine 1734

M.M. Burjaili and J.A.R. Parise

Experimental Studies on Heat Transfer in Non-

Adiabatic Flows 1741

T. Chmielniak, G. Kosman, and A. Rusin

Results of the 2nd IAEA—Standard Problem

Test 1748

C. Almeida and L. Szabados

Experimental Research of a Water-to-Water Heat

Pump Cycle Using Non-Azeotropic MixtureR22/R142 1754

Y.T. Ma, C.R. Lu, J.X. Cui, X.L. Hu, and G.L. Zhang

Energy Utilization in Supercritical Fluid Extraction of

Shale Oil 1760

M. Sokic, D. Skala, and D. Severin

Additional Papers

Turbulent Heat Transfer in a Flow Behind the Reverse

Step on a Permeable Surface 1765

A.I. Leontiev, E.V. Shishov, P.S. Roganov, and

V.P. Zabolotsky

Experimental Studies on Heat Transfer During Boilingof Cryogenic Liquids in a Wide Range of Gravitational

Accelerations 1770

Yu.A. Kirichenko

Heat and Mass Transfer in the Channel with Oriented

Injection 1777

V.P. Motulevich, E.D. Sergievsky, A.A. Fedyaev,and N.R Shitov

Author Index 1781

xv