SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering - (2'ICEIS – 2017) - Special Issue – April 2017

Abstract - In this modern age, Civil Engineering constructions have their own structural and durability requirements, every structure has its own intended purpose and hence to meet this purpose, modification in traditional cement concrete has become mandatory. It has been found that different type of fibers added in specific percentage to concrete improves the mechanical properties, durability and serviceability of the structure. It is now established that one of the important properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete (FRC) is its superior resistance to cracking and crack propagation The weak matrix in concrete, when reinforced with fibers, uniformly distributed across its entire mass, gets strengthened enormously. The objective of the paper is to experiment and compare the compressive, tensile and flexural strength of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) concrete in addition with basalt fibers with M40 grade concrete and to study the workability properties of basalt fibers. In this, the effect of inclusion of basalt fibers on compressive, tensile, flexural strength of FRC was studied. The experimental test results demonstrated at considerable increases in compression, tensile and flexural strength of specimen with replacement of BFRP rebar to steel at 7, 14 and 28 days with addition of basalt fibers. Keywords: BFRP, Basalt Fiber. 1. Introduction: Basalt (solidified volcanic lava) is known for its resistance to high temperatures, strength and durability. Basalt fiber is extruded from molten basalt rock at diameters generally between 13 to 20 μm. Basalt rock can be used to make not only basalt bars but also basalt fabrics, chopped basalt fiber strands, continuous basalt filament wires and basalt mesh. Basalt fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) bars are the newest type of FRP reinforcement used in civil engineering. In addition to good mechanical properties, basalt has a high chemical and thermal stability, good thermal, insulating, electrical and sound properties, Due to good insulating properties; basalt is successfully used for fire protection. They are non- corrosive, consist of 80% fibers and have a tensile strength three times that of the steel bar normally used in building construction. Basalt fibers are also significantly better chemically resistant than glass fibers, particularly in a strongly alkaline

environment (e.g., with pipes made of basalt composite corrosive liquids and gases can be transported. Basalt FRP bars are an excellent alternative as the reinforcement of bridge girders due to minimizing the weight of the slab having excellent resistance to corrosion effects, reducing repairs and a significant increase in usability. It was found from the investigation that the basalt bars had

Experim bar With Partial Replacement Of Coarse Aggregate With Basalt Fibre

Three times higher tensile strength compared to the steel bars. Basalt fiber rebar is tough, stronger and has a higher tensile strength. BASALT FIBERS: It is a material made from extremely fine fibers of basalt; which is composed of the minerals plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine. It is similar to carbon fiber and fiber glass, having better physic mechanical properties than fiberglass, but being significantly cheaper than carbon fiber. It is used as fire proof textile in the aerospace and automotive industries and can also be used as a composite to produce products such as camera tripods. They also have a high elastic modulus, resulting in excellent specific tenacity three times that of steel. Its color can vary between brown, gold or gravy formed from the molten lava after solidification. It is a cost effective and anti aging. The functions of the fibers are to carry the load and provide stiffness, strength, thermal stability, high pressure vessels, bridges and highways bullet proof vest and retrofitting and rehabilitation of structures

Fig -1 basalt fiber Basalt Rebar – the alternative to steel and fiberglass Made from volcanic rock basalt rebar is tough, stronger than steel and has a higher tensile strength. Much lighter than steel, 89% percent in fact. One man can easily lift a 500 foot coil of 10 mm basalt rebar. Basalt rebar is naturally resistant to alkali, rust and acids. Moisture penetration from concrete does not spall. Needs no special coating like fiberglass rods. Basalt rebar has the same thermal coefficient expansion as concrete. Allowing thinner, lighter panels and decks, basalt rebar reduces the thickness and spacing between the rods

ental Study Of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer Re

S. Pravin Kumar1, M.Santhanakrishnan2, S.Satish3

nkateswaraa College of technology, Tamilnadu, Inditeswaraa College of technology, Tamilnadu, India. teswaraa College of technology, Tamilnadu, India.

1 ssistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Ve a. A

2UG student Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venka3UG student Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Venka

.

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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering - (2'ICEIS – 2017) - Special Issue – April 2017

and the concrete and surface. Much more flexible design! Smaller rods allow for more critical spacing and designs. Basalt rebar is easily cut to length with regular tools. Basalt rebar does not conduct electricity or induce fields when exposed to RF energy, great for MRI or data buildings. Basalt rebar is perfect for Marine environments and Chemical plants where corrosion is a continuous concern. Basalt Rebar is available in the following diameters: 4mm. 6mm. 8mm. 10mm. 12mm. 25mm. 4mm to 12mm available in 100m coils or cut lengths. 14mm to 25mm packaged in 3 meter cut lengths. Literature Review: Hannibal Ólafsson.K, (nov 2009) Basalt fiber bar Reinforcement of concrete structures has concluded the beams reinforced with plain basalt fiber bars failed in flexure.

Flexure Test on Plain Basalt Bar Reinforced Concrete Beams A total of six beams reinforced with basalt bars were tested. The beams were tested in flexure after a 14- day curing period. The beams failed with a single crack instead of multiple cracking, which indicated slip of the reinforcing bars

Subhashini Neela, (Dec 2010) flexural behavior of basalt bar reinforced concrete members with polypropylene fiber

From the test results, it has been concluded that the load carrying capacity, concrete flexural strength increased with the addition of fiber. The deflections of the beam were decreased with the addition of fiber to the concrete Marek Urbanski, Andrzej Lapko, (Jan 2011) Investigation on Concrete Beams Reinforced with Basalt Rebar’s as an Effective Alternative of Conventional R/C Structures Has concluded Deflections of beams with BFRP reinforcement were significantly higher than the reference beam deflection, due to the much lower modulus of BFRP bars compared to steel bars. Due to the mechanical properties of BFRP bars, the beams behave almost linearly until failure, which takes place at relatively large deflections. Thilan Ovitigala, Flexural Behaviour of BFRP reinforced concrete beams and Shear behavior of BFRP reinforced concrete. The ultimate failure would be brittle in nature without prior warning due to lower deflection when the area of BFRP reinforcement increased. The failure was more brittle, when the area of reinforcement was higher. Bhat et al, (2015), the fire structural resistance of basalt fiber composite bars.

It has concluded that the basalt fiber composite

has low thermal conductivity, high oxidation resistance, higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength properties than that of it has better fire resisting property compared to glass fiber. 2. Methodology: Concept of using basalt fiber in concrete was conceived. Based on the concept, various journals where referred and an idea about the natural fiber known as the basalt fiber being used in concrete was obtained. The knowledge on fiber reinforced concrete was also obtained by referring various journals. Literature review was done and the concept was finalized various tests on Cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregates were carried out and the results were obtained. In order to do find the merit or demerit of any special concrete, it has to be compared with conventional concrete. Therefore, a set of conventional concrete specimen is required. In order to cast a set of conventional concrete, initially the mix design M40 grade of concrete has to be done. Tests on fresh concrete were carried out. Workability was checked by carrying out slump test. The same mix ratio which was used to cast conventional concrete specimen, was used to cast special concrete specimens. Special concrete specimens are fiber reinforced specimens. Two different aspect ratios are considered. Two different percentage of amount of fiber were added to concrete mix (i.e.) 4% and 6%. Special concrete specimens consist of cubes, cylinders and beams. OPC grade 53 cement was used in casting. The replacement of basalt fiber with BFRP bar is testing on 7th, 14th and 28th day testing were carried out to find the compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength for the special concrete. With the results obtained, the optimum result was found. With the optimum result, the aspect ratio and the percentage which gives us the optimum result is found only at 4% of replacement but 6% of replacement is failure. With this aspect ratio and percentage, the research to carryout flexural test. 3. MATERIAL PROPERTIES CEMENT

Cement is defined as the material with adhesive and cohesive properties which make it capable of bonding the constituents of concrete into a compact durable mass. Cement is obtained by grinding the raw materials. The resulting product called clinker is cooled and ground to fine powder called cement. In this project, Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 53 grade is used. The physical properties of cement used in the experimental work are given in Table

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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering - (2'ICEIS – 2017) - Special Issue – April 2017

FINE AGGREGATE Fine aggregate is added to concrete to

assist workability to the concrete mix and to prevent segregation of the cement paste and coarse aggregates during its transportation. The aggregate fraction from size 150 micron to 4.75mm is termed as fine aggregate. The fine aggregate is represented by its zone. The physical properties of fine aggregate used in the experimental work are given in Table

Physical properties of Fine aggregate

COARSE AGGREGATE The coarse aggregate is used primarily

for the purpose of providing bulkiness to concrete. The aggregate fraction from size 4.75 mm to 80 mm is termed as coarse aggregate. The coarse aggregate is described by its nominal size. In this project, crushed granular aggregate of 20mm size conforming to IS 383:1970 is used as coarse aggregate. The physical properties of coarse aggregate used in the experimental work are given in Table.

Physical properties of Coarse aggregate

TENSILE PROPERTIES Tensile properties for BFRP and steel bar

Length of the bar = 1000mm

Type Dia of bar

Area (mm2)

Tensile Strength (N/mm2)

Peak Load (KN)

Young’s modulus

BFRP 8mm 50.24 684 34.36 48857

STEEL 8mm 50.24 486 24.41 200000

Physical properties of Cement

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:

TENSILE STRENGTH:

S. No. Physical property Value obtained

1 Initial Setting Time 36 minutes

2 Final Setting Time 390 minutes

3 Specific Gravity 3.15

S. No. Physical property Value obtained 1 Fineness modulus 2.7 2 Grading zone I 3 Specific Gravity 2.56 4 Moisture Content 0.5% 5 Water Absorption 0.9%

S. No. Physical property Value obtained

1 Fineness modulus 7.0

2 Nominal size 20 mm

3 Specific Gravity 2.70

4 Moisture Content Nil

5 Water Absorption 0.5%

S.No Mix Average Compressive

Strength (N/mm2)

1 Conventional

7days 28.20 28days 49.50

2 Basalt fiber 4%

7days 30.40 28days 50.10

3 Basalt fiber 6%

7days 31.13 28days 42.36

S.No Mix Average Tensile

Strength (N/mm2)

1 Conventional

7days 2.16 28days 4.10

2 Basalt fiber 4%

7days 2.75 28days 4.25

3 Basalt fiber 6%

7days 2.71 28days 3.56

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SSRG International Journal of Civil Engineering - (2'ICEIS – 2017) - Special Issue – April 2017

By addition of 4% basalt fiber in BFRP reinforcement beam result shows deflection is reduced until 7days of curing period, but 6% basalt fiber in BFRP reinforcement beam not attained the desired strength and ultimate load where increased compared to BFRP reinforced beam.

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FLEXURE STRENGTH:

CONCLUSION: Based on our experimental values we can conclude that

BFRP reinforcement beam shows high deflection compared to steel reinforcement beam.

By experimental analysis of compressive and tensile strength of the specimens that desired result is attained at 4% of basalt fiber, but the desired result is not attained in 6% of basalt fiber.

Due to the relatively lower elasticity modulus of basalt rods, compared to steel ones, both the deflection and width of cracks can be a factor in the designing the BFRP reinforced concrete beams. REFERENCE:

[1] CRIGANT.T.VAD (2010) “Basalt fiber as a reinforcement of polymer composites” (Periodic Polytechnic, Mechanical Engineering PG 49).

S.No Mix Average Tensile

Strength (N/mm2)

1 Conventional

7days 3.40 28days 5.91

2

BFRP with

Basalt fiber 4%

7days 3.64

28days 5.22

3

BFRP with

Basalt fiber 6%

7days 3.73

28days 5.75

[2] Craig, R.J, “Structural Applications of Reinforced concrete”: principles, properties, developments and applications, Park Ridge, New Jersy, Noyes, 1990. [3] MACEIJ SZUMIGALA, “Flexural behavior of full scale basalt FRP beams experimentally and numerical studies scientific and technical conference material problem in civil engineering” PG 518-525.

[4] MILIND V MOHOD, “Performance of steel fiber reinforced concrete Indian journal of engineering and science Vol.1 PG 1-4.

[5] RAMAKRISHNAN V.PANCHALAN (2005) “A new constructional material non corrosive basalt reinforced concrete” special publications 229, 253-270. [6] SUBRAMANIAN. R.V, “Reinforcement of polymers by basalt bar international composites news” PG 1-10.

[7] WIBERG.A “Strengthening of concrete using cementious carbon fiber composites” (POYAL TECHNOLOGY, STOCKHOL.M, SWEDEN)