experiences on the urine diverting latrine (udl) and ecosan toilet in emergency, mohammad ali,...
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Seminar of experience sharing onSeminar of experience sharing on
EcoSanEcoSan toilet in Bangladeshtoilet in Bangladesh2727 September 2011, JICA Bangladesh officeSeptember 2011, JICA Bangladesh office
Experiences on the UrineExperiences on the Urine
Diverting Latrine (UDL) andDiverting Latrine (UDL) andEcoSanEcoSan toilet in emergencytoilet in emergency
Mohammad AliMohammad AliPublic Health EngineerPublic Health Engineer
OxfamOxfam
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EcosanEcosan toiletstoilets is the toilet that collect faeces and
What isWhat is EcoSanEcoSan Toilet and UDL?Toilet and UDL?
UrineUrine DivertingDiverting LatrineLatrine (UDL)(UDL) is a toilet that
urine separately and starting to recycle them asorganic fertilizer in a systematic way.
operates with/without water and has a divider so thatthe user, with little effort can divert the urine and anal
cleansing water away from the faeces.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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WhyWhy EcoSanEcoSan Toilet or UDL?Toilet or UDL?
Problem with conventional sanitation system
Pit latrine is the most common and low-cost option
Not environment friendly
Pit latrine is not Appropriate sanitation technology in different
hydro-geological areas in case of :
The high water tableflood prone areas
water scarce Barind area and hill districts
low land and haor areas
Pit latrine is not disaster resilient as:
every year Bangladesh inundates over 20% to 70% areassedimentation of a river leads to water logging 3-9 months a year
cyclone occurred every after 1.5 years 4 cyclones since 2007Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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WhyWhy EcoSanEcoSan Toilet or UDL?Toilet or UDL?Merits of EcoSan Toilet or UDL
Separation of urine and anal cleansing water from fecesreduces potential odors
Increases pit life
Urine is diverted and collected in a container, so user coulduse the urine as fertilizer and when necessary
Ensure sustainability. Farmers who have experienced highyields with fertilizer are more likely to buy the latrines
themselves and encourage others as well.
Toilets offer minimal hygienic risk with proper management.
Users have to apply ash/sand over the feces and perform analcleansing in the designated separated pan to ensure that fecescontainer remains dry and kills pathogens.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Top WatSan 2008-09
&
WASH Innovation Fund project 2009 -11
In search of latrine solution for
Flood prone areaEmergency sanitation option
Oxfam initiative so farOxfam initiative so far
Project area Information
Total District 04
(Sirajgonj, Gaibandha , Kurigram, Jessore )
Total Sub-district 04
(Chouhali, Sundargonj , Kurigram sadar, Monirampur & Satkhira)
Total Union 05
(Ghorjan, Belka, Panch gachi , Moghalbasa, Mashim Nagar & Paddmapukur)
Optional information
EcoSan Latrine 65
Low cost UDL (single pit) 45
Low cost UDL (double pit) 9
Emergency UDL- 80Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Experiences onExperiences on EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Special Features Two separate chambers for
accumulation of feces
Chamber allowing feces to convert
to compost
EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet
Separate pan for urine and analcleaning water
In-built system ensuring separate
storage of faeces, urine and anal
cleaning water
Functional all the time (before,during and after flood)
Long term use
Limited damage during and after
Urine for plant nutrients and fecesfor compost fertilizer and excellent
soil conditioner
Desludging is not required
Cost BDT 18,000Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public HealthEngineer, Oxfam
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Advantages
Prevent ground water pollution
even in high water table area and
minimize infectious diseasesUrine and faeces can be used to
produce fertilizer to be used in
agricultural purpose
Feces play soil conditioning role
EcoSanEcoSan toilettoilet
and improve soil healthUseful in places where water is
inadequate
Cost effective considering
durability, pay back and easy
operation and maintenance
Disadvantages
Need more space than traditional
a r nes
Need to be careful about notletting water into feces chamber
Poor families are unable to invest
such an amount of initial cost for
the latrine
Construction is more complicatedthan pit latrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Experiences onExperiences on
Urine Diversion LatrineUrine Diversion Latrine(UDL)(UDL)
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Low Cost Single Pit UDLLow Cost Single Pit UDL
Special Features
Single and twin, both pit can be used
In-built system which ensures separate storage of
feces, urine and anal cleaning water
Appropriate for flood (before, during and after flood)
Urine is used as plant nutrient and feces as soil
conditioner
Easy maintenance
Desludging required for single pit but frequency is
reduced Cost BDT 7,000Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public HealthEngineer, Oxfam
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Low Cost Single Pit UDLLow Cost Single Pit UDL
AdvantagesCan be installed using precast ring and slab, with which the
community is used to.
Prevent ground water contamination and reduce infectious
diseases
Cost is lower than that of other technologiesUrine can be used as plant nutrient
Increase pit life
Disadvantages
Construction is more complicated than that of the pit latrines
Need attention about not letting water into feces chamberIn some cases, the user feels uneasy using this latrine rather
than ring slab latrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Low Cost Double Pit UDLLow Cost Double Pit UDL
Special Features
Double Pit
Pre-cast Slab with pan
Bottom and all joints are sealed
Cost BDT 7,500Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Urine use as
crop nutrient
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Engineer, Oxfam
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UrineUrine
DiversionDiversion
LatrineLatrine
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
easily mountable and
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- easily mountable and
dismountable frame
- frame and squat pan &
slab can be manufacturedbefore emergency and can
be kept as contingency
Dismountable Structure
- whole set can be stored
and transported just after
emergency
- In-built system whichensures separate storage
of faeces, urine and
Cost BDT 25,000
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Engineer, Oxfam
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Bio degradable bag has beenintroduced to collect faeces.
Each bio bag is able to carry 10kg.
Excreta caring van
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Each dumpingchamber is for
40HH@5latrines.
It has the aerationmechanism inside it
which helps faeces
It is designed to
decompose the
human excreta
within 60 days.
to decompose.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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It has twotwo unitsunits
- Collected Human
slud e has been dum ed
in refuse chute intochamber.
- A soak pit is also
constructed to dumpdump
collectedcollected urineurine from UDtoilets. Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
Faeces Collection and Dispose System of
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Faeces Collection and Dispose System of
Emergency Urine Diversion Latrine
Collection of Faeces and Urine Disposal
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Community people accepted the system and using encouragingly.
Lac of ventilation system created strong foul smell inside bio bag.
Findings:Findings:
Lac of strong grip with the ground wiped out UD toilets at high wind.
Bad smell from dumping station bothered near community people.
Uncountable flies borne inside the dumping site if water penetrates the
chamber or ash is not used appositely.
Lac of bio bag production in country delayed the implementation of the
project.
Plastic injecting mould could not be managed within the country.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Challenges:Challenges:
.
Not user friendly for disable & old people unless future modification.
Salty ground (rust) cause damage to any iron made structure.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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UDLUDL
FloatingFloating
EmergencyEmergency
LatrineLatrine3 in Muschim
1 in KalaroaEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Front View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Side View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Side View of UDL Floating Emergency LatrineEngr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Special Features:Special Features:-It is UDL latrine (separate container for solid, urine and cleansing
water)- A replaceable container to accumulate excreta
- Two containers with filter media to treat cleansing water
- Separate jerrycane to store urine- empty containers act as buoyant
- In-built system ensuring separate storage of feces, urine and anal
cleaning water
- Functional all the time on the water (before, during and after flood)
- Appropriate for water logged, flood prone areas
- Long-term use
- Urine for plant nutrients- Excreta disposal is required Cost BDT 24,000
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Field findings:Field findings: All latrines functioning smoothly
New technology for users Moving for anal cleaning after defecation is a bit hassle
Relevant stakeholders at national level so excited to replicate even in
urban slum Accepted by community
Recommendation:Recommendation: Recommended only for emergency situation in water body area. The
promotion of the concept is demanded. Community highly accepted.
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam
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Thank youThank you
Engr. Mohammad Ali, Public Health
Engineer, Oxfam