experiences of meret project of ministry of agriculture in integrated watershed management in...
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Betru Nedessa at the NBDC Regional Stakeholder Dialogue Workshop, Bahir Dar, 23–24 July 2013TRANSCRIPT
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Experiences of the MERET Project of
the Ministry of Agriculture
in Integrated Watershed Management in Ethiopia
Betru Nedessa
NBDC Regional Stakeholder Dialogue, Bahir Dar, 23–24 July 2013
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Contents
1. Overall context & Objectives2. Scope of the Project & its relevance to
Nile River basin3. Development approach & Community
participation4. Activity components5. Achievements and Impacts6. Success factors & lessons from MERET 7. Challenges & Opportunities
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Deterioration of soil Degradation of water
resources Loss of vegetation cover &
biodiversity 2 to 3% of AGDP loss per yr ~US$ 1.0 billion/year
Land degradation is the major cause of low productivity, food insecurity & Poverty
Overall Context
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Recognizing Negative impacts of LD,
GoE with support of dev’t partners launched large scale LR
program in 1980s. The 1st FFW supported SWC started in 1971 in Tigray in 1972 in Wollo
with the U.S. food aid under the PL 480 project
This was replaced by WFP funded projects in 1974
1974-1980 small & fragmented SWC projects
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The Beginning of MERET Project
The WFP supported MERET (ETH-2488/FFW)
project started in 1980s
This marked the beginning of large scale LR &
SWC in Ethiopia
Before this project;
Little was known about IWSM, WH, SWC
So, MERET is- a pioneer project marked the beginning
of Large scale LR & NR mag’t (WH & SWC)
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Main objectives
To increase the ability of food insecure HHs to meet necessary
food needs and improve livelihoods;
throughLand rehabilitation, proper natural resources
management, productivity enhancement, asset creation & diversification of livelihoods
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Scope of the ProjectMERET Operates in 5 Regions & One administrative
council, in 72 woredas:Tigray (17)Amhara (23)Oromia (16)SNNP (12)Somali (3)Diredewa (1)
In 500-600 sites (sub-watersheds)No of annual beneficiaries is about 1.5 million (40% are women)
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Relevance & Applicability of MERET Experiences to Nile River basin
Some woredas are Located in Nile basine.g. 11 Woredas in Amhara & 2 Woredas in Oromya
Most of the project operation areas have been confined to the highlands
With similar bio-physical & socio-economic settings of the upper Nile River basin
Thus, the experiences & best practices of MERET are very relevant and applicable
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MERET adopted CBPWSMGender sensitive & women are empowered
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Major activity Components
Water Harvesting & SWC
Reforestation
Seedling production
Multiplication of improved
(MP) planting materials Community level access road
development
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Major Activity Components Enhancing productivity &
Biomass Intensification (AF,
Forage, MP spp,
To meet fuel wood,
timber & Livestock feed
& SOMM Provide adequate ground
cover Low cost SFM (SOMM)
(e.g. Compost)
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Major Activity Components
IGAs-HSD (Packages):-
Horticulture,
Beekeeping, poultry
Fattening, dairy,
fish culture
Small Scale Water Dev’t
Capacity development
& technical back ups
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Achievements & Impacts of MERET
Many degraded lands, which
were barren,
devoid of any vegetation,
rocky & gullied lands
were converted into
productive lands & Green
Environment
Rehabilitated Degraded lands
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Soil Depth increased
Soil loss reduced
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
T/N
eale
A/G
edab
u
Aro
mba
Wer
ekaf
fe
Mek
anis
a
Dhab
ee
B/S
ori
e
B/B
ehe
A/A
mba
L/W
olt
eha
H/R
iver
Soil
dep
th (
cm)
Treated Untreated
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Lem
in
Wo
lteh
a
Am
bas
sel
Har
bu
Bo
rda
Mek
anis
a
Dh
abee
Ad
is A
mb
a
Tsa
ida
Nea
le
Ad
i Ged
abu
Bis
han
Beh
e
Bo
loso
So
rie
So
il lo
ss (
ton
s/h
a/yr
)
Treated Control
Soil erosion control & reduction of its on-site and off-site impacts (from 11 watersheds)
Impacts of MERET Project
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Construction of Farmland Terraces:
Increased soil depths
Increased soil fertility
Increased WHC
Hence,
Increased Productivity &
Sustained Agric Production
Use of agric inputs became
viable
Impacts of MERET Project
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Rehabilitation of degraded hillsides to productive woodlots
Ground water recharged and base flow enhanced
Impacts of MERET Project
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Overall Impacts of MERET
Restored the hydrological balance & availed water for SSI & domestic use
Availed abundant fuel wood, construction materials & livestock feed
Prevented flood damages to down stream farmlands, villages, properties & lives
Prevented siltation of water bodies (dams, lakes, etc)
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Increased overall income, savings & investment
Improved housing Quality Improved access to
education Reduced Out-migration Enhanced knowledge on
WH & SWC Boosted Self confidence
Overall impacts on HH incomes & livelihoods
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Success Factors & Lessons from MERET
Good organizational structure, staffing & strong linkages
from top to the grass roots level
Experience sharing visit system among regions, woredas
and farmers
Farmers’ Filed days
Regular joint review programs among regions & woredas
(to critically review and evaluate the performance of
each region or woreda and to learn from one another)
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Effectiveness of SWC structures (adoption of quality
control system)
Community empowerment for decision making
Combination of right technologies (LR, & SWC should be
integrated to IGAs)
Technical capacity built at all levels
Regular Technical back up (close supervision)
Testing & Démonstration of the new technologies i.e.
« seeing is believing »
Success Factors & Lessons
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Social & cultural barriers (eg. Free grazing)
Financial (resources) constraints to scale up best
practices
Inadequate impact studies & documentation of best
practices, publishing and dissemination
(e.g. Hydrology, biomass, OM accumulation, Soil moisture
regime, Soil fertility/productivity, etc) vis-à-vis CC.
Major Challenges
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OpportunitiesAvailability of conducive policies, strategies for promoting
SLM practices The special attention given by GoE
Availability of success stories (proven technologies) on the ground (seeing is believing)
Good expertise and technical capacity for scaling up the same
Good understanding about NRM by the community esp. in areas where successful results achieved.