experiences of applying r&d 128, the erica tool and resrad-biota: use and ‘misuse’
DESCRIPTION
Experiences of applying R&D 128, the ERICA Tool and RESRAD-BIOTA: Use and ‘misuse’. Mike Wood University of Liverpool. Scope. Practical application of the approach(es) you are familiar with R&D 128 (SP1a) ERICA RESRAD-BIOTA Specifically What works? What doesn’t work? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
1
Experiences of applying R&D 128, the ERICA Tool and RESRAD-BIOTA:
Use and ‘misuse’
Mike Wood
University of Liverpool
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Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
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• Practical application of the approach(es) you are familiar with– R&D 128 (SP1a)– ERICA– RESRAD-BIOTA
• Specifically– What works?– What doesn’t work?– What extra may
be required? – etc….
Scope
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Drigg coastal sand dunes, UK• North West of England (West Cumbria)• 10km south of Sellafield• Adjacent to the Low-Level Repository near Drigg
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Why dunes?
• Protected site – NATURA 2000– Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI)– Lake District National Park– Local nature reserve
• Support a number of protected species• Potential to be impacted by anthropogenic radionuclide contamination• Includes a ‘non-standard’ contamination pathway (sea-to-land transfer)• Includes organisms for which few or no radioecological data exist (e.g.
transfer data for reptiles)– opportunity to test model assumptions and predictions
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• Sampling undertaken at Drigg dunes 2005 – present– Part-funded by EC 6th Framework ERICA project, Environment
Agency and English Nature (Natural England)• Collected media and biota samples
• Sampling undertaken by UoL and analysis by CEH (with support from UoL and WSC)
Data collection
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Data available
ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIAMedium SamplesSoil/sediment Soil/sediment from foredunes
Soil/sediment from rear of the dunesWater Pool water (Dune slacks)
Total depositionBIOTA
Organism Group Species (common) Species (latin)Amphibian Common Toad Bufo bufo
Common frog Rana temporariaGreat Crested Newt Triturus cristatusNatterjack Toad Bufo calamitaPalmate Newt Triturus helveticus
Bird Mallard Anas platyrhynchos Teal Anas crecca
Invertebrate CaterpillarMammal Mouse Apodemus sylvaticus
Vole Microtus agrestisReptile Common Lizard Lacerta vivipara
Adder Vipera berusSlow worm Anguis fragilis
Vegetation Heather Calluna vulgarisLichenMarram grass Ammophila arenariaMossRed Fescue Festuca rubra
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Comparing the models• Measured activity concentrations in media and biota for a range of
radionuclides including Sr-90, Cs-137 and Am-241• Opportunity to compare models on the basis of
– ‘Model – Measured’ comparison for activity concentrations in a range of biota
– ‘Model – Model’ comparison for dose rate predictions• Aim to use the three models that are readily available to third parties as a
minimum– ERICA– R&D 128– RESRAD-BIOTA
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Comparing the models• Measured activity concentrations in media and biota for a range of
radionuclides including Sr-90, Cs-137 and Am-241• Opportunity to compare models on the basis of
– ‘Model – Measured’ comparison for activity concentrations in a range of biota
– ‘Model – Model’ comparison for dose rate predictions• Aim to use the three models that are readily available to third parties as a
minimum– ERICA– R&D 128– RESRAD-BIOTA
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R&D 128 (SP1a)
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R&D 128 assessment• The model needs to be parameterised to enable predictions to be made
for specific organisms• R&D 128 is an
Excel-based spreadsheet tool so there are no wizards to help you do this
• Effectively need to create a new organism by modifying values in the spreadsheets
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R&D 128 assessment• Three important decisions
– Geometry• 17 geometries for terrestrial organisms. Which do I choose?
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Geometry• Geometries set up for particular reference organisms but….
– geometry is just a shape used to define the DPUC value• To identify geometry to use for a new organism need to know the
dimensions of the organism (x, y, z)• Can often get average or maximum length from ecological references but
rarely, if ever, get all 3 dimensions• Calculate from images has become a fairly common solution• How do you decide which of the 17 geometries (and hence DPUC values)
to select?• Comparing organism you wish to create with default reference organism
geometries on the basis of ‘surface area:volume ratio’ is the best approach
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GeometryTritium vs. area/volume
y = 7E-13x1.0996
R2 = 0.9838
1.E-11
1.E-10
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04
area/volume (m-1)
DP
UC NewtBird
Bat
Technetium vs. area/volume
y = 1E-09x1.103
R2 = 0.9953
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04
area/volume (m-1)
DP
UC NewtBird
Bat
Caesium vs. area/volume
y = 0.0002x0.0736
R2 = 0.981
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04
area/volume (m-1)
DP
UC
NewtBird
Bat
Argon vs. area/volume
Ar: y = 5E-4x 0̂.0783
r2 = 0.99
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
1.E+01 1.E+02 1.E+03 1.E+04area/volume (m-1)
DP
UC
( G
y h
-1/B
q k
g-1
)
NewtBird
Bat
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Geometry• SP1a ranks default organisms on the basis of ‘surface area:volume ratio’
so can select the reference organism geometry to use for your new organism
• Problem– SP1a does not tell user how to calculate ‘surface area:volume ratio’
for an ellipsoid based on x,y,z• Solution
– Google it!
• BUT– An example of where guidance information could be improved
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R&D 128 assessment• Three important decisions
– Geometry• 17 geometries for terrestrial organisms . Which do I choose?
– Concentration factors• Appropriate concentration factors to use for the species under
assessment• Where possible, used defaults for the organism type e.g. for Mallard used
bird• Where not possible, followed SP1a guidance and used CFs for similar
organism e.g. for Great Crested Newt used reptile
– Occupancy factors– In soil?– On soil?– In air?
• Information from R&D 128 defaults, ecological references and knowledge of species
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Parameters for R&D 128 model run
Organism In soilAt soil surface In air
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbHeather (Calluna vulgaris) 1 0 0.5 Shrub ShrubRed Fescue (Festuca rubra) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbLichen (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Lichen LichenMixed herbage (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbMoss (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Lichen LichenCaterpillar (Non-specific) 0 0 1 Caterpillar CaterpillarCommon Toad (Bufo bufo) 0.25 0.75 0 Reptile ReptileNatterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) 0.6 0.4 0 Reptile ReptileCommon frog (Rana temporaria) 0.25 0.75 0 Reptile ReptileGreat Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) 0 1 0 Bird egg ReptilePalmate Newt (Triturus helveticus) 0 1 0 Bird egg ReptileSlow worm (Anguis fragilis) 0.4 0.6 0 Reptile ReptileCommon Lizard (Lacerta vivipara) 0.4 0.6 0 Bird egg ReptileAdder (Vipera berus) 0.75 0.25 0 Reptile ReptileTeal (Anas crecca) 0 0.25 0.25 Reptile BirdMallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 0 0.3 0.25 Reptile BirdMouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) 0.5 0.5 0 Reptile RodentVole (Microtus agrestis) 0.2 0.8 0 Reptile Rodent
Reference organism geometry selected
Concentration ratios based on which R&D128 default
organism?
(fraction of time)Occupancy
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Parameters for R&D 128 model run
Organism In soilAt soil surface In air
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbHeather (Calluna vulgaris) 1 0 0.5 Shrub ShrubRed Fescue (Festuca rubra) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbLichen (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Lichen LichenMixed herbage (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Herb HerbMoss (Non-specific) 1 0 0.5 Lichen LichenCaterpillar (Non-specific) 0 0 1 Caterpillar CaterpillarCommon Toad (Bufo bufo) 0.25 0.75 0 Reptile ReptileNatterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) 0.6 0.4 0 Reptile ReptileCommon frog (Rana temporaria) 0.25 0.75 0 Reptile ReptileGreat Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) 0 1 0 Bird egg ReptilePalmate Newt (Triturus helveticus) 0 1 0 Bird egg ReptileSlow worm (Anguis fragilis) 0.4 0.6 0 Reptile ReptileCommon Lizard (Lacerta vivipara) 0.4 0.6 0 Bird egg ReptileAdder (Vipera berus) 0.75 0.25 0 Reptile ReptileTeal (Anas crecca) 0 0.25 0.25 Reptile BirdMallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 0 0.3 0.25 Reptile BirdMouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) 0.5 0.5 0 Reptile RodentVole (Microtus agrestis) 0.2 0.8 0 Reptile Rodent
Reference organism geometry selected
Concentration ratios based on which R&D128 default
organism?
(fraction of time)Occupancy
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R&D 128 assessment• Tool is a spreadsheet system with worksheets that cannot be modified• For each run of the tool, can only use one set of CFs and OFs for a
particular geometry• All new organisms based on reptile or bird egg geometry• Need to re-run tool a number of times
– Time consuming– Lots of copying and pasting involved
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ERICA• Tool help file & D-ERICA• Again need to
parameterise but facilitated by ‘Add organism’ wizard
• Define geometry in tool based on x,y,z
• Enter mass• Assign occupancy factors• Define concentration ratios
– used default values– NOTE: Drigg data used
in derivation of CRs in latest version of tool so changed back to pre-Drigg CRs (avoid self-validation)
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Parameters for ERICA model run
Organism In soilAt soil surface In air A B C
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsHeather (Calluna vulgaris) 0 1 0 b b b b ShrubRed Fescue (Festuca rubra) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsLichen (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.0401c 0.00229c 0.00229c 0.00011c Lichen & bryophyteMixed herbage (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsMoss (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.0401c 0.00229c 0.00229c 0.00011c Lichen & bryophyteCaterpillar (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.02d 0.0075d 0.0075d 0.000589d GastropodCommon Toad (Bufo bufo) 0.25 0.75 0 0.0799e 0.03e 0.025e 0.0314e AmphibianNatterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) 0.6 0.4 0 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.02 AmphibianCommon frog (Rana temporaria) 0.25 0.75 0 0.0799e 0.03e 0.025e 0.0314e AmphibianGreat Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) 0 1 0 0.16 0.015 0.013 0.0085 AmphibianPalmate Newt (Triturus helveticus) 0 1 0 0.09 0.012 0.0135 0.004238 AmphibianSlow worm (Anguis fragilis) 0.4 0.6 0 0.4 0.02 0.015 0.034 ReptileCommon Lizard (Lacerta vivipara) 0.4 0.6 0 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.01 ReptileAdder (Vipera berus) 0.75 0.25 0 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.0725 ReptileTeal (Anas crecca) 0 0.25 0.25 0.3f 0.1f 0.0802f 1.26f BirdMallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 0 0.3 0.25 0.3f 0.1f 0.0802f 1.26f BirdMouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) 0.5 0.5 0 0.081 0.03 0.03 0.02 Mammal (rat)Vole (Microtus agrestis) 0.2 0.8 0 0.09 0.035 0.035 0.03 Mammal (rat)
Concentration ratios based on which ERICA default
organism?Mass (kg)
Dimension (m)Occupancy (fraction of time)
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Parameters for ERICA model run
Organism In soilAt soil surface In air A B C
Marram grass (Ammophila arenaria) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsHeather (Calluna vulgaris) 0 1 0 b b b b ShrubRed Fescue (Festuca rubra) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsLichen (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.0401c 0.00229c 0.00229c 0.00011c Lichen & bryophyteMixed herbage (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.05a 0.01a 0.01a 0.00262a Grasses & herbsMoss (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.0401c 0.00229c 0.00229c 0.00011c Lichen & bryophyteCaterpillar (Non-specific) 0 1 0 0.02d 0.0075d 0.0075d 0.000589d GastropodCommon Toad (Bufo bufo) 0.25 0.75 0 0.0799e 0.03e 0.025e 0.0314e AmphibianNatterjack Toad (Bufo calamita) 0.6 0.4 0 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.02 AmphibianCommon frog (Rana temporaria) 0.25 0.75 0 0.0799e 0.03e 0.025e 0.0314e AmphibianGreat Crested Newt (Triturus cristatus) 0 1 0 0.16 0.015 0.013 0.0085 AmphibianPalmate Newt (Triturus helveticus) 0 1 0 0.09 0.012 0.0135 0.004238 AmphibianSlow worm (Anguis fragilis) 0.4 0.6 0 0.4 0.02 0.015 0.034 ReptileCommon Lizard (Lacerta vivipara) 0.4 0.6 0 0.14 0.01 0.02 0.01 ReptileAdder (Vipera berus) 0.75 0.25 0 0.65 0.02 0.02 0.0725 ReptileTeal (Anas crecca) 0 0.25 0.25 0.3f 0.1f 0.0802f 1.26f BirdMallard (Anas platyrhynchos) 0 0.3 0.25 0.3f 0.1f 0.0802f 1.26f BirdMouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) 0.5 0.5 0 0.081 0.03 0.03 0.02 Mammal (rat)Vole (Microtus agrestis) 0.2 0.8 0 0.09 0.035 0.035 0.03 Mammal (rat)
Concentration ratios based on which ERICA default
organism?Mass (kg)
Dimension (m)Occupancy (fraction of time)
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Sr-90 activity concentrationsActivity concentrations in biota
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Am
mop
hila
are
naria
Cal
luna
vul
garis
Fes
tuca
rub
ra
Lich
en (
Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Mix
ed h
erba
ge(N
on-s
peci
fic)
Mos
s (N
on-s
peci
fic)
Cat
erpi
llar
(Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Buf
o bu
fo
Buf
o ca
lam
ita
Ran
a te
mpo
raria
Trit
urus
cris
tatu
s
Trit
urus
hel
vetic
us
Ang
uis
frag
ilis
Lace
rta
vivi
para
Vip
era
beru
s
Ana
s cr
ecca
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Apo
dem
ussy
lvat
icus
Mic
rotu
s ag
rest
is
Organism
Act
ivit
y co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
FW
)
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
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Cs-137 Activity concentrationActivity concentrations in biota
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Am
mop
hila
are
naria
Cal
luna
vul
garis
Fes
tuca
rub
ra
Lich
en (
Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Mix
ed h
erba
ge(N
on-s
peci
fic)
Mos
s (N
on-s
peci
fic)
Cat
erpi
llar
(Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Buf
o bu
fo
Buf
o ca
lam
ita
Ran
a te
mpo
raria
Trit
urus
cris
tatu
s
Trit
urus
hel
vetic
us
Ang
uis
frag
ilis
Lace
rta
vivi
para
Vip
era
beru
s
Ana
s cr
ecca
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Apo
dem
ussy
lvat
icus
Mic
rotu
s ag
rest
is
Organism
Act
ivit
y co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
FW
)
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
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Am-241 activity concentrationsActivity concentrations in biota
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
Am
mop
hila
are
naria
Cal
luna
vul
garis
Fes
tuca
rub
ra
Lich
en (
Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Mix
ed h
erba
ge(N
on-s
peci
fic)
Mos
s (N
on-s
peci
fic)
Cat
erpi
llar
(Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Buf
o bu
fo
Buf
o ca
lam
ita
Ran
a te
mpo
raria
Trit
urus
cris
tatu
s
Trit
urus
hel
vetic
us
Ang
uis
frag
ilis
Lace
rta
vivi
para
Vip
era
beru
s
Ana
s cr
ecca
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Apo
dem
ussy
lvat
icus
Mic
rotu
s ag
rest
is
Organism
Act
ivit
y co
nce
ntr
atio
n (
Bq
/kg
FW
)
Measured
ERICA
R&D 128
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Cs-137 Total unweighted dose ratePredicted unweighted total dose rate
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
Am
mop
hila
are
naria
Cal
luna
vul
garis
Fes
tuca
rub
ra
Lich
en (
Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Mix
ed h
erba
ge(N
on-s
peci
fic)
Mos
s (N
on-s
peci
fic)
Cat
erpi
llar
(Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Buf
o bu
fo
Buf
o ca
lam
ita
Ran
a te
mpo
raria
Trit
urus
cris
tatu
s
Trit
urus
hel
vetic
us
Ang
uis
frag
ilis
Lace
rta
vivi
para
Vip
era
beru
s
Ana
s cr
ecca
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Apo
dem
ussy
lvat
icus
Mic
rotu
s ag
rest
is
Organism
Do
se r
ate
(uG
y/h
)
ERICA
R&D 128
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Am-241 Total unweighted dose ratePredicted unweighted total dose rate
1.00E-04
1.00E-03
1.00E-02
1.00E-01
1.00E+00
Am
mop
hila
are
naria
Cal
luna
vul
garis
Fes
tuca
rub
ra
Lich
en (
Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Mix
ed h
erba
ge(N
on-s
peci
fic)
Mos
s (N
on-s
peci
fic)
Cat
erpi
llar
(Non
-sp
ecifi
c)
Buf
o bu
fo
Buf
o ca
lam
ita
Ran
a te
mpo
raria
Trit
urus
cris
tatu
s
Trit
urus
hel
vetic
us
Ang
uis
frag
ilis
Lace
rta
vivi
para
Vip
era
beru
s
Ana
s cr
ecca
Ana
s pl
atyr
hync
hos
Apo
dem
ussy
lvat
icus
Mic
rotu
s ag
rest
is
Organism
Do
se r
ate
(uG
y/h
)
ERICA
R&D 128
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Perch Lake, Canada• EMRAS BWG scenario• Canadian shield lake• Received inputs of Sr-90, Co-60, Cs-137 and H-3 (amongst others)• AECL have activity concentration data for a range of biota in the lake• UoL and NRPA ran
RESRAD-BIOTA as ‘informed users’(experienced with other tools but not RESRAD-BIOTA)
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Valuable exercise• Applied by people involved with development of other tools but no
previous experience of RESRAD-BIOTA
• For model intercomparisons – important distinction between applications by developers and applications by ‘informed users’
• EMRAS has compared the ‘mathematics’ and started comparing applications (mainly by developers). There is a need to direct effort towards applications by users– Tool developers may access ‘inaccessible’ parts of tool– Tests tool user friendliness and accompanying documents– Realistic application– Begin to quantify a different aspect of tool uncertainty (the user)
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Approach• RESRAD-BIOTA 1.22 beta version• Scenario required calculation of
• Whole-body activity concentrations for key receptor species (Bq/kg FW)
• Internal unweighted dose rates (µGy/h)
• External dose rates (µGy/h)
– NOTE: RESRAD-BIOTA only gives total dose
• Application guided by– Tool + help– User guide (US DOE, 2004)– Some reference to technical reports
(US DOE, 2002)– Web-based database
(bioaccumulation factors and distribution coefficients)
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The RESRAD-BIOTA Tool• The tool can be used for either terrestrial or aquatic (freshwater)
assessments• Four generic organisms that have been parameterised:
– Aquatic animal– Riparian animal– Terrestrial animal– Terrestrial plant
• Assessments can be run to predict doses to these organisms• Level 3 includes ‘New organism’ wizard
– possibility to create additional organisms based on one of the four generic organisms
– allows calculations to be performed for specific species
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Organism Group Species
Aquatic Primary Producers
Free-floating (unrooted) submergentsRooted, submergent macrophytesRooted, floating-leafed macrophytesEmergent macrophytesAquatic Invertebrates
ZooplanktonMacroinvertebratesSnailsFreshwater musselsFish
Forage Fish Cyprinid sppPumpkinseeds
Benthivorous Fish Brown BullheadPiscivorous fish Yellow Perch
Northern PikeAmphibians Green frogs
BullfrogsReptiles Painted Turtle
Common Snapping TurtleAquatic Mammals Star Nose Mole
American Water Shrew
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Level 3 Assessment• Sediment data entry – dry weight or fresh weight
– Not clear from tool, help or user guide– UoL assumed dry weight, NRPA assume fresh weight– First major decision and already the ‘informed users’ are taking different
approaches!– Another example of where assessor needs clearer guidance
• Predictions for specific biota so ‘New organism’ wizard used• When setting up new organisms need to parameterise
– UoL decided to run allometrically for all organisms that were identified as particular species in the scenario and use BiVs for the rest
– NRPA used BiVs only– UoL decision to run allometrically for everything (including a snail!) was
probably not the best! However, no clear guidance as to extent of allometric functionality when using the tool
– NRPA decision to run all with default BiVs may result in overly conservative predictions
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
34
Co-60 Modelled-to-measured
ratio
Freshwater Invertebrates
Model
Mod
eled
-to-M
easu
red
60C
o C
once
ntra
tion
10-5
10-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
101
102
103
SnailsZooplanktonMacroinvertebrates
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
35
Co-60 Modelled-to-measured
ratio
Freshwater Fishes
Model
AECLERICA EA
IRSNNRPA
Dmax
ECOMOD
LakeCo
RESRAD-BIOTA (UK)
RESRAD-BIOTA (NRPA)M
od
eled
-to
-Mea
sure
d 6
0C
o C
on
cen
trat
ion
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
1000
Brown BullheadCyprinidsPumpkinseedsYellow PerchMinimum Measured (bullhead)Maximum Measured (bullhead)Minimum Measured (cyprinids)Maximum Measured (cyprinids)
Minimum Measured (pumpkinseed)Maximum Measured (pumpkinseed)
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
36
Summary: What works?• All three tools do what they are designed to do• Predictions of measured data ‘aren’t bad’• R&D 128 is generally conservative
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
37
Summary: What doesn’t work?• Guidance (in tools and supporting documentation)
– R&D 128 • How do you calculate the ‘surface area:volume ratio’?
– RESRAD-BIOTA• Do you enter sediment as fresh weight or dry weight?
• When is it appropriate to run allometrically?
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
38
Summary: What extra may be required?• To facilitate the creation of new organisms, it would help if the R&D 128
spreadsheets could be set up to allow the same geometry to be run for a number of CF and OF combinations at the same time
• To improve decision making it would be helpful to have the dose rate report from RESRAD-BIOTA showing internal and external dose rates as well as total dose rates
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
39
Summary: etc……!• There are differences in predictions due to ‘mathematics’ and
assumptions behind tools• EMRAS BWG work helping to quantify and explain this
– Effectively get handle on tool ‘error’ when compared to ‘real’ values• BUT…..of potentially greater significance in terms of error is that
associated with the user• EMRAS BWG has focussed on intercomparison of tools by the tool
developers• The one scenario where two tool developers attempted to run another
organisation’s model revealed major differences in the approach and results obtained
PROTECT Work Package 2 Meeting (June 2007)
Institute for Sustainable Water Integrated Management and Ecosystem Research (SWIMMER)
40
Summary: etc……!• Valuable to investigate this aspect further
– Take each tool in turn and have the developer and a number of ‘informed users’ run the tool for a particular scenario
– Start to quantify the ‘error’ associated with the user– Help tool developers to identify areas of their tool and associated
documentation that could be revised to provide clearer instruction to the assessor
– Especially important for freely available tools that can be used by third parties
– Hopefully this afternoon may start this process!!